1
|
Rosa A, Pujia AM, Arcuri C. Investigation of alveolar osteitis and the effectiveness of laser treatment: a unified Meta-analysis and review of the literature. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:700. [PMID: 38886713 PMCID: PMC11184811 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-tooth extraction, dry socket is a frequently encountered complication, causing substantial pain and hindering the healing process. Conventional approaches to manage this condition have traditionally involved the use of antiseptic dressings to diminish bacterial presence and facilitate healing. This study aims to assess the efficacy of laser therapy in the symptomatic treatment of alveolitis. METHODS A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, focusing on publications from 1998 to 31/01/2024 using relevant keywords. The combination of "laser" and "dry socket" was executed through the boolean connection AND. RESULTS At the conclusion of the study, a total of 50 studies were identified across the three search engines, with only three selected for the current systematic study and meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that laser treatment proves effective in addressing alveolitis compared to Alvogyl. However, the correlation between the two was not highly significant. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that laser therapy may serve as a viable alternative to traditional treatments for dry socket. This minimally invasive procedure has the potential to alleviate pain and promote healing with fewer associated side effects."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Rosa
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Dentistry, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy.
| | - Alberto Maria Pujia
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Claudio Arcuri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lacerda-Santos JT, Granja GL, Firmino RT, Dias RDF, de Melo DP, Granville-Garcia AF, Martins CC. Use of Photobiomodulation to Reduce Postoperative Pain, Edema, and Trismus After Third Molar Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 81:1135-1145. [PMID: 37290483 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Third molar extraction can cause surgical trauma, which is associated with pain, edema, trismus, and functional limitations. The aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) following the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. METHODS An electronic search was conducted in 10 databases from inception up to October 2021 and the grey literature, with no restrictions regarding language or year of publication. Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) were included. Studies that were not RCTs were excluded. Reviewers independently analyzed titles and abstracts, followed by full-text analysis. This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The exposure variable was the use of PBM and the outcomes were pain, edema, and trismus. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. The estimate was calculated considering standardized mean differences (SMD) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) obtained for each outcome on the first, second, third and seventh postoperative days. The level of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS The search resulted in the 3,324 records. Thirty-three RCTs were included in the systematic review and 23 of these were included in the meta-analyses. The studies involved a total of 1,347 participants (56.6% female and 43.4% male) between 16 and 44 years of age. A greater reduction in pain was found in the PBM group compared to the control group on the third postoperative day (SMD: -1.09; 95% CI: -1.63; -0.55; P < .001; low certainty). Edema was discretely lower in the PBM group on the second postoperative day (SMD: -0.61; 95% CI: -1.09; -0.13; P < .001; low certainty) and trismus was discretely lower in the PBM group on the seventh postoperative day (SMD: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.00; 0.96; P < .001; very low certainty). CONCLUSION The evidence of the effect of PBM regarding the control of pain, edema, and trismus following third molar extractions is low or very low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Thiago Lacerda-Santos
- PhD Student, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, State University of Paraiba (UEPB), Campina Grande, Brazil; Professor, Department of Dentistry, FIP Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - Gélica Lima Granja
- PhD Student, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, State University of Paraiba (UEPB), Campina Grande, Brazil; Professor, Department of Dentistry, FIP Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - Ramon Targino Firmino
- Professor, School of Medical Sciences of Campina Grande, UNIFACISA University Center (UNIFACISA), Campina Grande, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carolina Castro Martins
- Associate Professor, Dental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Torul D, Omezli MM, Avci T. Investigation of the clinical efficacy of CGF and ozone in the management of alveolar osteitis: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4521-4529. [PMID: 37231273 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy of concentrated growth factors (CGF) and ozone in the treatment of alveolar osteitis (AO). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients admitted for the treatment of AO and eligible for the study were included and divided into control, ozone, and CGF + ozone groups. For the treatment of AO alveogyl, ozone, and CGF + ozone were applied to control, ozone, and CGF + ozone groups, respectively, and repeated on 3rd day. Demographic data and oral hygiene were recorded at the initial visit. Pain with visual analog scale (VAS) and analgesic consumption were evaluated at the 6th and 24th h, and on 2nd-7th days. Granulation tissue health and inflammation severity were evaluated on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days. Quality of life was evaluated with the postoperative symptom severity scale (Posse) on the 7th day. RESULTS A total of 60 patients (43 females/17 males; mean age 42.7 ± 13.76 years), 20 patients per group were included. Among the groups, pain scores on the 7th day (p = 0.042), granulation tissue health on the 3rd (p = 0.003) and 7th (p = 0.015) days showed a significant difference while analgesic consumption, Posse scores, and inflammation severity showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). Between genders analgesic consumption at 6 h (p = 0.027), 24 h (p = 0.033), and on the 2nd day (p = 0.034) and inflammation severity on the 7th day (p = 0.012) showed significant differences while Posse scores and granulation tissue health showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that regenerative treatment which modulates angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration by stimulating stem cells, growth factors, and cytokines with CGF + ozone are more effective than conventional treatment regarding AO. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Usage of CGF and ozone together provides faster and more satisfactory management of AO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damla Torul
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, 52200, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Melih Omezli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, 52200, Turkey
| | - Tolunay Avci
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Specialist, Bornova Oral and Dental Health Center, İzmir, 35170, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
ALHarthi SS, Ali D, Alamry NZ, Alshehri MK, Divakar DD, BinShabaib MS. Photobiomodulation for Managing "Dry Socket": A Randomised Controlled Trial. Int Dent J 2023; 73:267-273. [PMID: 35803777 PMCID: PMC10023530 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are no studies that have evaluated the effect of Alveogyl with and without adjunct photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in reducing self-rated post-operative pain (SPP) in patients with alveolar osteitis (AO; dry socket). The aim of the present randomised controlled trial was to assess the effectiveness of Alveogyl with and without PBMT for the management of SPP in patients with AO. METHODS Adult nonsmokers with diagnosed AO were included. Patients were randomly divided into 4 groups. In Group 1, patients underwent mechanical curettage (MC) with copious normal saline irrigation. In Group 2, patients underwent MC + Alveogyl dressings in extraction sites which were changed every 48 hours until cessation of pain. In Group 3, patients underwent MC + Alveogyl followed by PBMT using a 660-nm indium-gallium-aluminum-phosphide diode laser. In Group 4, patients were treated solely with PBMT. The visual analogue scale was used up to 3 postoperative days to assess SPP up to 3 days at 6- (T0) and 12-hour (T1) intervals. Statistical analyses were performed using the analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc adjustment tests. Correlation between SPP scores and age, sex, and eruption status of teeth was assessed using logistic regression models. P values <.01 were nominated as being statistically significant. RESULTS In all, 14, 13, 14, and 14 individuals with AO were included in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. All patients had undergone extraction of mandibular third molars. At baseline and on day 1, there was no difference in SPP in all groups. On days 2 and 3, mean visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at T1 (P < .01) and T2 (P < .01) intervals were significantly high in Group 2 compared with Group 3. On days 2 and 3, mean VAS scores at T1 (P < .01) and T2 (P < .01) intervals were significantly high in Group 4 compared with Group 3. There was no difference in SPP in groups 3 and 4 on day 3 at T0 and T1 intervals. CONCLUSIONS PBMT following MC and Alveogyl dressing is more efficient in reducing SPP compared with MC with or without Alveogyl dressing in patients with AO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shatha S ALHarthi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dena Ali
- Department of General Dental Practice, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Nujud Zayed Alamry
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed K Alshehri
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Darshan D Divakar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India; Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Munerah S BinShabaib
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al-Shamiri HM, Al-Maweri SA, AlAhmary AW, Aljunayh MS, Aldosari AO, Alqahtani NM, Alabdulaziz JI, Al-Sharani HM. EFFICACY OF LASER THERAPY FOR ALVEOLAR OSTEITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2022; 22:101711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2022.101711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
6
|
Mansourian A, Pourshahidi S, Vafi Manshadi Y, Amini Shakib P, Ebrahimi H. The Effect of Low-level Laser Therapy on VEGF, IL-6 Expression and Viability of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:1190-1194. [PMID: 35092026 DOI: 10.1111/php.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Low-level laser therapy has shown successful results in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis. One of the concerns about low-level lasers is their effects on remaining malignant cells in the area. Interleukin-6 is a multifunctional cytokine that plays an important role in a wide range of biologic activities in increasing tumor functions, decreasing survival, and resistance to chemo-radiotherapy. Vascular-endothelial growth factor increases tumor vascularization. It has been shown in the previous studies that LLLT can cause an increase of IL-6 and VEGF in some cells. The present thesis aims to study the effects of LLLT on IL-6 and VEGF expression, as well as cell viability on OSCC cells. Tumorigenic cells of an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line were irradiated with 3 different diode lasers, and were compared to the control group (660nm- 200mW-4J/cm2, 810nm-200mW-4J/cm2, 940nm-200mW-4J/cm2). MTT assay, ELISA, and RT-PCR were used to measure cell viability, IL-6, and VEGF expression. Cell viability of all laser-irradiated groups was significantly lower than the control group. VEGF expression increased in laser-irradiated groups. This was only significant in the 810nm group. IL-6 protein secretion was significantly higher in all laser-irradiated groups compared to the control group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mansourian
- Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pourshahidi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Pouyan Amini Shakib
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Ebrahimi
- Oral Medicine Department, Dental Faculty, Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Garola F, Gilligan G, Panico R, Leonardi N, Piemonte E. Clinical management of alveolar osteitis. A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e691-e702. [PMID: 34704976 PMCID: PMC8601644 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar Osteitis (AO) is one of the most common complications of tooth extraction. Several therapeutic interventions have been described for the treatment of AO, however, there are no treatment standardized protocols. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the efficacy in pain control of the different treatments for AO. The feasibility of the application of these interventions is also discussed. Material and Methods A structured electronic and hand search strategy was applied to PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar between January 2010 and July 2020 to identify studies according to PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria were original English and Spanish clinical trials that analyzed pain-control parameters according to visual analog scale (VAS, 0-10 scale), or pain relief patients’ percentages. Those treatments that reach VAS ≤ 4 on day 2 or before; or ≥ 85% of patients with absence of pain symptoms at day 7 or before were considered accepTable for their recommendation. Results The final review included 17 clinical trials. Among them, there were analyzed a total of 39 different AO treatments. 53,8% of the treatments fulfill the proposed parameters for pain control. Conclusions Treatment alternatives are multiple, heterogeneous, and difficult to compare. The management of AO is summarized in basic (intra-alveolar irrigation) and specific procedures (Alveogyl®, Neocones®, SaliCept Patch®, Low-Level Laser, Platelet-Rich Fibrin) that reach pain control success. They could be selected according to their availability and advantages or disadvantages. Key words:Dry socket, alveolar osteitis, treatment, management, pain control, pain relief.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Garola
- Haya de la Torre SN PA: 5000. Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ghosh A, Aggarwal VR, Moore R. Aetiology, Prevention and Management of Alveolar Osteitis-A Scoping Review. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 49:103-113. [PMID: 34625985 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar osteitis (AO) is a poorly understood, common, painful complication following exodontia. It is sometimes managed by inappropriate prescription of antibiotics which contributes to the global threat of antimicrobial resistance. Use of intra-alveolar chlorhexidine also presents a serious risk of anaphylaxis to the patient. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aims to investigate the aetiology, prevention and management of AO and highlight the extent of inappropriate prescribing and intra-alveolar chlorhexidine use. DESIGN A scoping review was undertaken using the PRISMA guidelines. Medline, Ovid and Pubmed were searched between 2010 and 2020, from which 63 studies were selected for review that related to the aetiology, prevention or management of AO. Data were analysed for frequency of studies reporting information on risk factors for aetiology, prevention strategies and management including inappropriate management using antibiotic prescribing and intra-alveolar chlorhexidine. RESULTS Impaired immune response, surgical technique and age were identified as significant factors in the development of AO, while there is conflicting evidence regarding the effects of smoking and gender. With regard to prevention, the use of prophylactic antibiotics is not supported within the literature. Saline irrigation and eugenol pastes used preventively have been shown to be cheap and effective alternatives to chlorhexidine with no adverse effects. Hyaluronic acid and low-level laser therapies showed a significant reduction in pain and soft-tissue inflammation in the management of AO compared to Alveogyl. CONCLUSIONS Further understanding of the pathophysiology of AO is needed, in addition to large high-quality RCTs or long-term observational studies into the aetiology, prevention, and management of AO to produce up-to-date evidence-based clinical guidelines. Clinicians should also be mindful of their contribution to growing antimicrobial resistance and avoid inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics. Saline should replace chlorhexidine as the intra-alveolar irrigant of choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ghosh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Vishal R Aggarwal
- Department of Academic Oral Surgery & Oral Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Richard Moore
- Lecturer in Oral Surgery, Department of Academic Oral Surgery & Oral Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nejat AH, Eshghpour M, Danaeifar N, Abrishami M, Vahdatinia F, Fekrazad R. Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Incidence of Alveolar Osteitis and Postoperative Pain following Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1129-1135. [PMID: 34048061 DOI: 10.1111/php.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy for the prevention of incidence of alveolar osteitis (AO) and postoperative pain following third molar surgery. In this double-blind clinical trial, the impacted teeth of patients having bilateral impacted mandibular third molars were surgically extracted; for each participant, one socket was randomly assigned to receive photobiomodulation treatment, the other received sham treatment. 660 nm 200 mW CW was applied at a distance of ~1cm to 4 points on the occlusal area of extraction socket (beam area at the tissue ~0.64 cm2 , 312.5 mW cm-2 , 1J, 1.6 J cm-2 ). Also, 810 nm 200 mW CW was applied at tissue surface at three points on the buccal and three points on the lingual gingiva, for 15 s (400 mW cm-2 , 3 J, 6 J cm-2 ). There was a statistically meaningful difference in AO frequency between the two groups, and the photobiomodulation group showed lower AO frequency compared with the sham PBM treatment (P-value = 0.035). According to the findings of this study, photobiomodulation therapy reduced the incidence of AO following surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. The incidence of AO typically occurs 3-7 days post-extraction, and our results suggest that PBM treatment within the 7 days could help reduce the risk of AO development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Nejat
- Department of Prosthodontics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Majid Eshghpour
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nasrin Danaeifar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Majid Abrishami
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshid Vahdatinia
- Dental Implants Research Center, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center- Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Firoozi P, Keyhan SO, Kim SG, Fallahi HR. Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy on recovery from neurosensory disturbance after sagittal split ramus osteotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 42:41. [PMID: 33331972 PMCID: PMC7746795 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-020-00285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orthognathic surgery such as bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) for the treatment of mandibular deformities is one of the most common procedures in maxillofacial operations that may lead to neurosensory disturbance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on augmenting recovery of neurosensory disturbance of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in patients who underwent BSSRO surgery. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted by two independent authors in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar electronic databases. Besides, a manual search of all textbooks and relevant articles were conducted. Searches took place in August 2020 and were limited to published and peer-reviewed articles from 2000 to 2020. All analysis was performed using the comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) and the STATA MP (version:16) software. The weighted mean difference (WMD) using the inverse variance method and the standard mean difference (SMD) was considered for continuous variables. Results Seventy-four papers were retrieved after removing duplicate studies and finally, eight studies were assessed for qualitative synthesis and five for meta-analysis. Totally, 94 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Based on the meta-analysis, it was shown that LLLT was not effective in a short interval (0 to 48 h) after surgery, but in a period of more than 1 month after surgery, the positive results of treatment can be observed strikingly. Also, LLLT side/group showed no significant difference in some aspects of neurosensory recovery such as thermal sensation compared to the placebo side/group. Conclusions The meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials revealed that LLLT generally improves IAN sensory disturbance caused by BSSRO. Further high-quality clinical trials with longer follow-up periods and larger sample sizes are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Firoozi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Seied Omid Keyhan
- CMFRC, National Advance Center for Craniomaxillofacial Reconstruction, Tehran, Iran.,Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Founder and Director of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology Research Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hamid Reza Fallahi
- Founder and Director of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology Research Foundation, Tehran, Iran.,Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shafaee H, Bardideh E, Nazari MS, Asadi R, Shahidi B, Rangrazi A. The effects of photobiomodulation therapy for treatment of alveolar osteitis (Dry Socket): Systematic review and meta-analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102000. [PMID: 32919077 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dry socket (alveolar osteitis) is one of the most common complications that occur after the extraction of permanent teeth. The aim of this review was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of photobiomodulation (PBT) with other treatment methods on alveolar osteitis. METHODS AND MATERIALS MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane's CENTRAL online databases were searched based on the search strategy. Also, the prominent laser journals and the references of relevant studies were hand searched for eligible studies and then the data were extracted from the retrieved studies were extracted using piloted custom forms. The data were combined and analyzed using inverse-variance random-effect meta-analysis. RESULTS For the treatment of dry socket, pain perception based on the VAS score, PBT on average has a 3.41 higher pain level reduction compared to alveogyl which seems to be both statistically and clinically significant. In addition, based on the GRADE score, the evidence seems to be of moderate quality. Also, in the individual studies which were included in this systematic review, PBT seems to be more effective than other methods (Salicept, zinc-oxide eugenol, ozone, and photodynamic therapy) in pain reduction of patients with alveolar osteitis. CONCLUSIONS PBT, in general, has a higher ability in decreasing pain levels for patients with alveolar osteitis (dry socket) compared to alveogyl. Therefore, PBT could be used as an appropriate method for treatment and controlling the signs of dry socket.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Shafaee
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Erfan Bardideh
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Nazari
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Asadi
- Community Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahareh Shahidi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolrasoul Rangrazi
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ahrari F, Eshghpour M, Zare R, Ebrahimi S, Fallahrastegar A, Khaki H. Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Irradiation in Reducing Pain and Accelerating Socket Healing After Undisturbed Tooth Extraction. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:274-279. [PMID: 32802287 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to determine the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on reducing complications following tooth extraction. Methods: This randomized clinical trial consisted of 40 subjects who underwent lower molar extraction. The patients were randomly assigned to 4 groups. Group 1 was irradiated with a 660 nm laser (200 mW, 30 seconds radiation to lingual, buccal and occlusal surfaces of the socket, 6 J/area). In group 2, an 810 nm laser was applied similar to group 1. In group 3, a combination of 660 and 810 nm lasers was used. The patients in group 4 served as a placebo group. LLLT was performed after 0.5-1 hour of extraction and 2 days later. The participants were asked to record pain degree using a visual analogue scale (VAS) over 7 days. The amount of wound healing was evaluated on the third and seventh days. Results: There was no significant difference in pain scores among the groups at any of the assessment intervals (P >0.05). The between-group differences in wound healing scores were small and insignificant (P >0.05). Conclusion: LLLT with 660 nm or 810 nm lasers or their combination had no greater effect than the placebo laser for reducing the complications of tooth extraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ahrari
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Eshghpour
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Zare
- Oral & Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Ebrahimi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan/Branch), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Fallahrastegar
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kamal A, Salman B, Razak NHA, Samsudin ABR. A Comparative Clinical Study between Concentrated Growth Factor and Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Management of Dry Socket. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:613-620. [PMID: 32777838 PMCID: PMC7535966 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A dry socket is a well-recognized complication of wound healing following tooth extraction. Its etiology is poorly understood and commonly occur among healthy patients. As such, management strategies for dry socket has always been empirical rather than scientific with varying outcome. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of concentrated growth factor (CGF) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and compared them to the conventional treatment in the management of dry socket. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty patients with one dry socket each, at University Dental Hospital Sharjah, were divided into three treatment groups based on their choice. In group I (n = 30), conventional treatment comprising of gentle socket curettage and saline irrigation was done. Group II (n = 15) dry sockets were treated with CGF and group III (n = 15) sockets were lased with LLLT. All dry socket patients were seen at day 0 for treatment and subsequently followed-up at 4, 7, 14, and 21 days. Pain score, perisocket inflammation, perisocket tenderness, and amount of granulation tissue formation were noted. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were analyzed as mean values for each treatment group. Comparisons were made for statistical analysis within the group and among the three groups to rank the efficacy of treatment using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistically significant difference is kept at p < 0.05. RESULTS Conventional treatment group I took more than 7 days to match the healing phase of group II CGF treated socket and group III LLLT irradiated socket (p = 0.001). When healing rate between CGF and LLLT are compared, LLLT group III showed a delay of 4 days compared with CGF in granulation tissue formation and pain control. CONCLUSION CGF treated socket was superior to LLLT in its ability to generate 75% granulation tissue and eliminate pain symptom by day 7 (p = 0.001).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Kamal
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, UAE.,School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kamal A, Salman B, Ar NH, Samsudin AR. Management of dry socket with low-level laser therapy. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1029-1033. [PMID: 32562076 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of delivering low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the management of dry socket at University Dental Hospital Sharjah. MATERIALS AND METHOD Forty-five patients with dry socket were divided into two treatment groups. Group I dry socket patients (n = 30) received conventional treatment while group II patients (n = 15) were irradiated with LLLT at a setting of 200-mW, 6-J, continuous-wave mode using an R02 tipless handpiece (Fotona Er:YAG, Europe), on the buccal, lingual, and middle surfaces of the socket for 30 s from a delivery distance of 1 cm. Pain score and quantification of granulation tissue in the socket were recorded at 0, 4, and 7 days post-dry socket treatment. RESULTS Results showed that the LLLT-irradiated group II sockets showed a much lower VAS pain score of 1-2 as early as day 4, and a richer amount of granulation tissue compared to the conventional treated group I socket. The amount and rate of granulation tissue formation in the dry socket are inversely proportional to the pain score showing significant clinical effectiveness of LLLT on promoting the healing of the dry socket, with improvement in symptoms (P = .001). Conventionally treated dry sockets take at least 7 days to match the effective healing of an LLLT-irradiated dry socket. CONCLUSION LLLT irradiation influences biomodulation of dry socket healing by dampening inflammation, promoting vascularization, stimulating granulation, and controlling pain symptoms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE LLLT may be an additional effective tool for managing dry sockets in general dental practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Kamal
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Basheer Salman
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noor Hayatie Ar
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - A R Samsudin
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The Efficacy of Concentrated Growth Factor in the Healing of Alveolar Osteitis: A Clinical Study. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:9038629. [PMID: 32454827 PMCID: PMC7240629 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9038629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A dry socket also referred to as alveolar osteitis (AO) is a common postoperative complication following tooth extraction, due to the disruption of the clot within the wound. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of concentrated growth factor (CGF) in the healing of alveolar osteitis following tooth extraction. Methods The study was conducted at University Dental Hospital Sharjah, UAE. Patients undergoing tooth extraction at the oral surgery clinic were advised to return immediately if they suffer from pain. Over the following first week after tooth extraction, patients who reported pain symptoms were recalled and all dry sockets were identified. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I patients received conventional treatment with socket curettage and saline irrigation only, while in group II CGF was inserted into the socket. Both groups were observed for pain score and quantification of granulation tissue formation. Results A total of 40 dry socket patients, aged between 18 and 60 years, from a total of 1,250 patients, were included in the study. 30 patients were given conventional treatment while another 10 patients were given CGF. Patients who received CGF had a pain score of 7-10 at presentation, and the pain score dropped to 0-3 on day 4 and further improved to 0-1 on day 7 (p = 0.001). Granulation tissue formation appeared in the conventional group I on day 7 while the CGF group II showed earlier granulation tissue formation by day 4 (p = 0.001). The posttreatment pain score is inversely proportional to the amount and rate of granulation tissue formation in the socket. Conclusion The study suggests that delivery of CGF into a dry socket helps relieve pain and expedite the wound healing process as shown by a statistically much lower pain score and earlier and more rapid formation of granulation tissue when compared to the conventional alveolar osteitis therapy.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen Y, Liu C, Chen X, Mo A. Clinical evidence of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on implant stability and success: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:77. [PMID: 31064350 PMCID: PMC6505209 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), a type of light therapy that uses the concept of photobiomodulation, is developed to promote bone healing. Clinical studies have been conducted to assess the influence of PBMT on dental implant stability and success rate. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of PBMT and methodological quality of these studies on implants in human clinical trials. Methods An electronic search was performed in Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL). Results Initially, 675 articles were identified, among which only 8 met the inclusion criteria. Four of the 8 studies presented a low risk of bias, whereas the other 4 were of moderate risk. Our review focused on implant success rates and implant stability measured at days 0 and 10, and at 3, 4, 6, and 12 weeks. No significant differences were observed between the PBMT group and the control group regarding implant stability or success rate. Conclusions The existing clinical studies did not provide sufficient evidence to observe positive effects of PBMT on implants in patients. An increased number of high-quality clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are required to verify the data and to draw convincing conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Caojie Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinlei Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Anchun Mo
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
King EM, Cerajewska TL, Locke M, Claydon NC, Davies M, West NX. The Efficacy of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors for the Treatment of Alveolar Osteitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 76:1150-1159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
18
|
Is Low-Level Laser Therapy Effective for Treatment of Neurosensory Deficits Arising From Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 75:2085-2090. [PMID: 28495411 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for treating neurosensory impairment after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO). MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized, double-blinded, split-mouth trial included patients requiring BSSO. After surgery, 1 side of each patient was randomly assigned to laser therapy and the other side served as the control. At 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery, LLLT was accomplished by intraoral application of a 660-nm laser around the surgical site (200 mW, 10 seconds, 2 J, 1.5 J/cm2) followed by extraoral irradiation by an 810-nm laser (200 mW, 10 seconds, 2 J, 7 J/cm2) along the distribution of the inferior alveolar nerve. Subsequently, extraoral irradiation was repeated 2 times per week for 3 weeks along the path of the inferior alveolar nerve, lower lip, and chin. On the control side, the treatment was similar to the laser side but with laser simulation. The main outcome was assessing nerve damage by a "2-point discrimination test" before and up to 60 days after surgery. RESULTS The sample consisted of 16 patients. No significant difference was found between the laser and control sides before and after surgery and on postoperative days 15 and 30 (P > .05). The 2-point discrimination distance was significantly shorter on the laser side than on the control side on postoperative days 45 and 60 (P < .05). CONCLUSION LLLT was effective in the treatment of neurosensory disturbances arising from BSSO. Therefore, LLLT can be recommended to accelerate the recovery of sensory aberrations in patients undergoing BSSO.
Collapse
|
19
|
Bidar M, Moushekhian S, Gharechahi M, Talati A, Ahrari F, Bojarpour M. The Effect of Low Level Laser Therapy on Direct Pulp Capping in Dogs. J Lasers Med Sci 2016; 7:177-183. [PMID: 28144439 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the histologic effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) with or without the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on exposed pulp tissues of dogs. Methods: Twenty-five premolar teeth in three healthy mature dogs were randomly divided into five groups. In group 1, the pulp tissue was capped with MTA. In groups 2 and 3, before capping with MTA, the exposure site was irradiated by low power lasers at 630 nm (20 mW, 150 seconds, 7.5 J/cm2) and 810 nm (peak power 80 W, average power 50 mW, 1500 Hz, 50 seconds, 6.25 J/cm2) wavelengths, respectively. In groups 4 and 5, the exposure site was irradiated similar to that described in groups 2 and 3, but the pulp tissue was covered by gold foil instead of MTA. After 2 months, the animals were sacrificed and the samples were prepared for histologic evaluation. Results: There were differences in pulpal response and dentinal barrier formation among the study groups. The morphology of pulpal tissue and the integrity of dentinal barrier and formation of odontoblastic layer were more favorable in the first three groups. The occurrence of extensive and intense inflammation and necrosis was more frequent in groups 4 and 5. Conclusion: Under the conditions used in this study, the presence of MTA as a pulp capping material was more important than laser therapy in the success of direct pulp capping (DPC) treatment. MTA proved to be an effective material either alone or in combination with laser irradiation in vital pulp therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bidar
- Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Siavash Moushekhian
- Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Gharechahi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Talati
- Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Ahrari
- Laser Research Center, Department of Orthodonthics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Is Low-Level Laser Therapy Effective in the Management of Pain and Swelling After Mandibular Third Molar Surgery? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 74:1322.e1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
21
|
Effect of low-level laser therapy on tooth sensitivity induced by in-office bleaching. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:713-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
22
|
Prados-Frutos JC, Rodríguez-Molinero J, Prados-Privado M, Torres JH, Rojo R. Lack of clinical evidence on low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on dental titanium implant: a systematic review. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:383-92. [PMID: 26754180 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has proved to have biostimulating effects on tissues over which they are applied, therefore accelerating the healing process. Most studies in implantology were focused on a reduction of the duration of osseointegration. There exist few articles analyzing the potential effects of these therapies on the osseointegration of titanium dental implants. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of LLLT on the interaction between the bone and the titanium dental implant and the methodological quality of the studies. We conducted an electronic search in PubMed, ISI Web, and Cochrane Library. From 37 references obtained, only 14 articles met the inclusion criteria. The analysis of the studies shows that most of the experiments were performed in animals, which have a high risk of bias from the methodological point of view. Only two studies were conducted in human bone under different conditions. Several protocols for the use of low-power laser and different types of laser for all studies analyzed were used. Although animal studies have shown a positive effect on osseointegration of titanium implants, it can be concluded that it is necessary to improve and define a unique protocol to offer a more conclusive result by meta-analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Prados-Frutos
- Department of Stomatology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avenida de Atenas, s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Rodríguez-Molinero
- Department of Stomatology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avenida de Atenas, s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Prados-Privado
- Department of Stomatology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avenida de Atenas, s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - J H Torres
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Odontology, University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - R Rojo
- Department of Stomatology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avenida de Atenas, s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bayani S, Rostami S, Ahrari F, Saeedipouya I. A randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of bite wafer and low level laser therapy in reducing pain following initial arch wire placement. Laser Ther 2016; 25:121-129. [PMID: 27721564 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.16-or-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ibuprofen, bite wafer and low power red and infrared lasers in orthodontic pain management. Subjects and methods: One hundred subjects were randomly assigned to 5 groups of 20 each. The patients in each group received one of the following treatments after the placement of fixed orthodontic appliances: 1. placebo medication, 2. ibuprofen, 3. bite wafer, 4. irradiation from a low level red laser (LLRL; 660 nm, 200 mW, 1 J/point, 6 points), 5. irradiation from a low level infrared laser (LLIL; 810 nm, 200 mW, 1 J/point, 6 points). A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to record pain intensity while chewing, biting, fitting front teeth, and fitting back teeth at 2 hours, 6 hours, bedtime, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days and 7 days following arch wire placement. Results: Significant between-group differences were found in pain at chewing, biting, fitting front teeth and fitting back teeth at all time points (p<0.001). Generally, VAS scores in the LLIL, ibuprofen and bite wafer groups were close to each other and significantly lower than those in the LLRL and control groups (p<0.05), which showed comparable pain level at most intervals. The infrared laser group (LLIL) showed significantly lower pain than all other groups at some points over the experiment (p<0.05). Conclusions: A single irradiation from a low level infrared laser proved to be the best strategy for orthodontic pain control. Alternatively, chewing on a bite wafer could be recommended. These methods should be considered as suitable alternatives for ibuprofen in orthodontic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Bayani
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shima Rostami
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Ahrari
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Saeedipouya
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|