Oral mucosal peeling related to dentifrices and mouthwashes: A systematic review

Antimicrobial effects of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) eluate against oral microcosm biofilm

This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of surface pre-reacted glass ionomer eluate (S-PRG) against oral microcosm biofilms collected from the oral cavity of patients. Dental biofilm samples were collected from three volunteers to form microcosm biofilms in vitro. Initially, screening tests were carried out to determine the biofilm treatment conditions with S-PRG eluate. The effects of a daily treatment for 5 min using three microcosm biofilms from different patients was then evaluated. For this, biofilms were formed on tooth enamel specimens for 120 h. Biofilms treated with 100% S-PRG for 5 min per day for 5 days showed a reduction in the number of total microorganisms, streptococci and mutans streptococci. SEM images confirmed a reduction in the biofilm after treatment. Furthermore, S-PRG also reduced lactic acid production. It was concluded that S-PRG eluate reduced the microbial load and lactic acid production in oral microcosm biofilms, reinforcing its promising use as a mouthwash agent.

Efficacy and safety of a bioadhesive gel containing propolis extract, nanovitamin C and nanovitamin E on desquamative gingivitis: a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the efficacy of a gel-containing propolis extract, nanovitamin C, and nanovitamin E as adjuvants to professional plaque removal on desquamative gingivitis (DG).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients suffering DG due to mucocutaneous diseases. Patients received professional supragingival prophylaxis with oral hygiene instructions and were randomly assigned to use test or control gels as toothpaste and to apply it on DG lesions 3 times/day for 4 weeks. DG clinical score (DGCS), clinical periodontal variables, and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) were collected at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks.

RESULTS

Twenty-two patients were randomly assigned to test (n = 11) or control group (n = 11). Eighteen had diagnosis of oral lichen planus and four of mucous membrane pemphigoid. DGCS statistically decreased in both groups after treatment with no significant differences between groups. Clinical periodontal outcomes decreased in both groups, but no significant differences were observed. Periodontal variables statistically improved only in test group after treatment. VAS and OHIP-14 scores decreased in test and control groups without significant differences. However, only one test group showed a statistically significant decrease in VAS and OHIP-14 scores after treatment. No adverse effects were reported.

CONCLUSIONS

Test gel may alleviate DG and improve quality of life without side effects.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

A gel-containing propolis extract, nanovitamin C, and nanovitamin E as adjuvants to mechanical debridement may improve both clinical and patient related outcomes in DG patients without side effects.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

The study protocol was registered at clinicaltrials.gov with the following number: NCT05124366 on October 16, 2021.

Oral Health, Antimicrobials and Care for Patients With Chronic Oral Diseases – A Review of Knowledge and Treatment Strategies

Periodontal and chronic oral mucosal diseases are significant life impacting conditions which may co-exist and synergistically act to cause more severe and widespread oral pathology with enhanced challenges in effective management. Clinicians regularly observe these effects and struggle to effectively manage both problems in many patients. There is limited understanding of many basic and applied scientific elements underpinning potentially shared aetiopathological features and management. Recent developments in translational science provide an opportunity to greater improve knowledge and subsequently care for patients with these problems.

Histopathologic Spectrum of Intraoral Irritant and Contact Hypersensitivity Reactions: A Series of 12 cases

BACKGROUND

Irritant contact stomatitis (ICS) and contact hypersensitivity stomatitis (CHS) are often caused by alcohol, flavoring agents and additives in dentifrices and foods, and contactants with high or low pH. A well-recognized contactant for ICS is Listerine™ mouthwash, while that for CHS is cinnamic aldehyde. However, many other flavoring agents and even smokeless tobacco are contactants that cause mucosal lesions that are entirely reversible. The objective of this study is to 1) present cases of ICS and CHS with a clear history of a contactant at the site and the histopathologic features of the resulting lesion and 2) define the histopathologic features that characterize such lesions.

METHODS

12 cases of ICS and CHS with known contactants that exhibited distinct histopathologic patterns were identified.

RESULTS

ICS are characterized by three patterns in increasing order of severity namely: 1) superficial desquamation, 2) superficial keratinocyte edema, and 3) keratinocyte coagulative necrosis with/out spongiosis and microabscesses. CHS is characterized by two patterns namely plasma cell stomatitis with an intense plasma cell infiltrate and a lymphohistiocytic infiltrate with or without non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. Three patterns of the latter are recognized: (1) lymphohistiocytic infiltrate at the interface with well-formed or loosely aggregated non-necrotizing granulomas; (2) lymphohistiocytic infiltrate at the interface with peri- and para-vascular lymphohistiocytic nodules; and (3) lymphohistiocytic infiltrate at the interface with peri- and para-vascular lymphohistiocytic nodules containing non-necrotizing granulomas. The same contactant may elicit ICS and CHS, while one histopathologic pattern may be brought on by various contactants.

CONCLUSION

ICS and CHS have distinct histologic patterns. Recognizing that these patterns are caused by contactants would help clinicians manage such mucosal lesions.