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Channaoui A, Dubus M, Mathieu F, Noirhomme S, Fontaine R. Early Achromobacter xylosoxidans Endocarditis After the Valvular Mitral Replacement Complicated by an Agranulocytosis on B-lactams: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e46045. [PMID: 37900458 PMCID: PMC10603368 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
An immunocompetent 82-year-old woman developed endocarditis caused by an atypical organism called Achromobacter xylosoxidans, after a first valvular surgery. The intravenous antibiotic therapy with ceftazidime - 2 g every 8 hours during five weeks - a key part of the treatment, induced agranulocytosis as an adverse event. Cross-reactivity between antibiotics was suspected. Finally, the patient's cure was the result of a coordinated effort between medical and surgical professionals. Postoperative follow-up is six years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniss Channaoui
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional Sambre et Meuse, Namur, BEL
| | - Michèle Dubus
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional Sambre et Meuse, Namur, BEL
| | - Frédéric Mathieu
- Cardiology Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional Sambre et Meuse, Namur, BEL
| | - Séverine Noirhomme
- Infectious Disease Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional Sambre et Meuse, Namur, BEL
| | - Raphaël Fontaine
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional Sambre et Meuse, Namur, BEL
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2
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Janga C, Kramer M, Naeem I, Checchio L, Qamar Z. A Rare Case of Autopsy Proven Achromobacter xylosoxidans Endocarditis Involving Tricuspid Valve: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e38118. [PMID: 37252505 PMCID: PMC10217788 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis refers to infection of one or more valves of the heart, with Achromobacter xylosoxidans (A. xylosoxidans) being a rare cause. So far, 24 cases of A. xylosoxidans endocarditis were reported, with only one case describing tricuspid valvular involvement. Despite the rarity of A. xylosoxidans endocarditis, it is important for clinicians to be aware of atypical presentation and the high mortality associated with it. We present an autopsy-proven case of tricuspid valve endocarditis in the setting of A. xylosoxidans bacteremia in a 43-year-old female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Janga
- Internal Medicine, Jefferson Health-Abington, Abington, USA
| | | | - Ifrah Naeem
- Internal Medicine, Jefferson Health-Abington, Abington, USA
| | - Lucy Checchio
- Internal Medicine, Jefferson Health-Abington, Abington, USA
| | - Zahra Qamar
- Infectious Disease, Jefferson Health-Abington, Abington, USA
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3
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Sarna M, Rajni E, Kataria S, Garg V. A case of bacteremia by Achromobacter xylosoxidans in an immunocompromised host and review of literature. ARCHIVES OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/amhs.amhs_222_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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4
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Successful Treatment of Aortic Endocarditis by Achromobacter xylosoxidans with Cefiderocol Combination Therapy in a Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patient: Case Report and Literature Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121686. [PMID: 36551343 PMCID: PMC9774427 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a Gram-negative aerobic opportunistic bacterium, belonging to the order of Burkholderiales, that can cause infections of virtually all body districts in patients with underlying diseases. However, A. xylosoxidans has rarely been associated with infective endocarditis. The treatment of A. xylosoxidans infections is complicated by both intrinsic and acquired resistance. Here we report on a case of aortic endocarditis by A. xylosoxidans in a Non-Hodgkin lymphoma patient treated with a combination of cefiderocol and other antibiotics, and summarize the available literature.
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5
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An 18-Year Dataset on the Clinical Incidence and MICs to Antibiotics of Achromobacter spp. (Labeled Biochemically or by MAL-DI-TOF MS as A. xylosoxidans), Largely in Patient Groups Other than Those with CF. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030311. [PMID: 35326774 PMCID: PMC8944543 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter spp. are intrinsically multidrug-resistant environmental microorganisms which are known to cause opportunistic, nosocomial, and sometimes chronic infections. The existing literature yields scarcely any larger datasets, especially with regard to the incidence in patient groups other than those with cystic fibrosis. The aim of this study was to fill this gap. We present a retrospective analysis of 314 clinical and 130 screening isolates detected in our diagnostic unit between 2004 and 2021, combined with patients’ demographic and clinical information (ward type and length of hospitalization), and the results of routine diagnostic antibiotic MIC determination. We found the apparent increase in prevalence in our diagnostic unit, in which cystic fibrosis patients are an underrepresented group, in large part to be attributable to an overall increase in the number of samples and, more importantly, changes in the diagnostic setting, such as the introduction of rigorous screening for Gram-negative multidrug-resistant pathogens. We found these Achromobacter spp. to be most commonly detected in urine, stool, wounds and airway samples, and found the resistance rates to vary strongly between different sample types. Intestinal carriage is frequently not investigated, and its frequency is likely underestimated. Isolates resistant to meropenem can hardly be treated.
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6
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Kengni Tameze J, Korpak K, Compagnie M, Levie H, Cherifi S, Lali SE. Mitral endocarditis caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans in an older patient: Case report and literature review. IDCases 2022; 27:e01421. [PMID: 35198382 PMCID: PMC8844215 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rare case of recurrent Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia in an older woman in 2014 and 2020. During the more recent bacteremia, a diagnosis of mitral endocarditis was made. The patient could not have surgery because of severe comorbidities and a high operative risk. Combined antibiotic therapy was given with piperacillin/tazobactam and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). Antibiotic therapy was administered for six weeks with a good response, but the patient relapsed after six days with A. xylosoxidans bacteremia and cardiac decompensation. Antibiotic therapy was resumed, using meropenem and TMP/SMX, but the patient died one month after the recurrence. We review the 22 cases of A. xylosoxidans endocarditis that have been described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kengni Tameze
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHU de Charleroi, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Kéziah Korpak
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHU de Charleroi, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Charleroi, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), Medicine Faculty, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ISPPC CHU de Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Michèle Compagnie
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHU de Charleroi, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Henrianne Levie
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHU de Charleroi, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Soraya Cherifi
- Department of Infectious Disease Department, CHU de Charleroi, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
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A New Sugar for an Old Phage: a c-di-GMP-Dependent Polysaccharide Pathway Sensitizes Escherichia coli for Bacteriophage Infection. mBio 2021; 12:e0324621. [PMID: 34903045 PMCID: PMC8669472 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03246-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are ubiquitous parasites of bacteria and major drivers of bacterial ecology and evolution. Despite an ever-growing interest in their biotechnological and therapeutic applications, detailed knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying phage-host interactions remains scarce. Here, we show that bacteriophage N4 exploits a novel surface glycan (NGR) as a receptor to infect its host Escherichia coli. We demonstrate that this process is regulated by the second messenger c-di-GMP and that N4 infection is specifically stimulated by the diguanylate cyclase DgcJ, while the phosphodiesterase PdeL effectively protects E. coli from N4-mediated killing. PdeL-mediated protection requires its catalytic activity to reduce c-di-GMP and includes a secondary role as a transcriptional repressor. We demonstrate that PdeL binds to and represses the promoter of the wec operon, which encodes components of the enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) exopolysaccharide pathway. However, only the acetylglucosamine epimerase WecB but none of the other ECA components is required for N4 infection. Based on this, we postulate that NGR is an N-acetylmannosamine-based carbohydrate polymer that is produced and exported to the cell surface of E. coli in a c-di-GMP-dependent manner, where it serves as a receptor for N4. This novel carbohydrate pathway is conserved in E. coli and other bacterial pathogens, serves as the primary receptor for various bacteriophages, and is induced at elevated temperature and by specific amino acid-based nutrients. These studies provide an entry point into understanding how bacteria use specific regulatory mechanisms to balance costs and benefits of highly conserved surface structures.
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Oyama Y, Yasunaga M, Honda A, Maki H, Masamoto Y, Kobayashi T, Wakabayashi Y, Okugawa S, Moriya K, Kurokawa M. Severe cellulitis caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Infect Chemother 2021; 27:770-772. [PMID: 33468424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Achromobacter xylosoxidans (A. xylosoxidans) is an aerobic gram-negative bacillus and often isolated from aquatic environments. It is supposed to cause infections in patients with malignancy or immunodeficiency. It causes various healthcare-associated infections, but cellulitis is rare. Herein, we report the first case of sever cellulitis by A. xylosoxidans after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A 49-year-old man underwent allogeneic HSCT from 8/8 HLA-matched unrelated donor with myeloablative conditioning for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. He developed skin chronic graft versus host disease 11 months after HSCT. During the prolonged treatment with prednisolone and cyclosporine, he developed cellulitis on his left leg and admitted to our hospital. Blood and exudate culture revealed A. xylosoxidans. Although empirical therapy with cefepime was ineffective, his symptoms were dramatically improved after administration of meropenem. To our knowledge, this is the first case of A. xylosoxidans cellulitis after allogeneic HSCT. A. xylosoxidans should be considered as a possible cause of cellulitis in post-allogeneic HSCT patients on prolonged immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Oyama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Yasunaga
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Maki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Masamoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Wakabayashi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Okugawa
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Therapy and Transplantation Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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9
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Liu L, Wang Q, Wu X, Qi H, Das R, Lin H, Shi J, Wang S, Yang J, Xue Y, Mao D, Luo Y. Vancomycin exposure caused opportunistic pathogens bloom in intestinal microbiome by simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114399. [PMID: 32535405 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are emerging organic pollutants posing high health risks to humans by causing human intestinal microbial disorders with increasing abundances of opportunistic pathogens, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been confirmed to restore the dysbiosis of gut flora in many kinds of intestinal disease. However, to date, few studies have focused on the bloomed opportunistic pathogens associated human disease-related pathways as well as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) after vancomycin exposure, and there is limited information on using FMT for restoration of intestinal microbiome affected by antibiotics. Therefore, this study investigated effects of vancomycin on the opportunistic pathogens, human disease-related pathways as well as ARGs in human gut, and the restoration of intestinal microbiome by FMT. Results indicated that vancomycin treatment substantially increased human disease-related pathways and decreased abundances of ARGs. Besides, the bloomed opportunistic pathogens including Achromobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas, caused by vancomycin exposure, were positively correlated with human disease-related pathways. The microbiota abundance and genes of human disease-related pathways and antibiotic resistance showed a remarkable return towards baseline after FMT, but not for natural recovery. These findings suggest that impacts of vancomycin on human gut are profound and FMT will be a promising strategy in clinical application that can restore the dysbiosis of gut microbiota, which may be valuable for directing future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact (preparatory), College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hongmei Qi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ranjit Das
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Huai Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jingliang Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yingang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection of Water Environment Biological Monitoring of Jiangsu Province, Changzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Daqing Mao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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10
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de Castro RL, Lima NDA, Lino DODC, Melgar TA. A Rare Case of Non-Prosthetic Aortic Valve Infectious Endocarditis Caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2020; 21:e923031. [PMID: 32747617 PMCID: PMC7394555 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.923031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 19-year-old Final Diagnosis: Endocarditis Symptoms: Fever • weigh loss Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Cardiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lessa de Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University - Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Neiberg de Alcantara Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University - Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | | | - Thomas Austin Melgar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University - Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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11
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Price EP, Soler Arango V, Kidd TJ, Fraser TA, Nguyen TK, Bell SC, Sarovich DS. Duplex real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Achromobacter spp. Microb Genom 2020; 6:mgen000406. [PMID: 32667877 PMCID: PMC7478622 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several members of the Gram-negative environmental bacterial genus Achromobacter are associated with serious infections, with Achromobacter xylosoxidans being the most common. Despite their pathogenic potential, little is understood about these intrinsically drug-resistant bacteria and their role in disease, leading to suboptimal diagnosis and management. Here, we performed comparative genomics for 158 Achromobacter spp. genomes to robustly identify species boundaries, reassign several incorrectly speciated taxa and identify genetic sequences specific for the genus Achromobacter and for A. xylosoxidans. Next, we developed a Black Hole Quencher probe-based duplex real-time PCR assay, Ac-Ax, for the rapid and simultaneous detection of Achromobacter spp. and A. xylosoxidans from both purified colonies and polymicrobial clinical specimens. Ac-Ax was tested on 119 isolates identified as Achromobacter spp. using phenotypic or genotypic methods. In comparison to these routine diagnostic methods, the duplex assay showed superior identification of Achromobacter spp. and A. xylosoxidans, with five Achromobacter isolates failing to amplify with Ac-Ax confirmed to be different genera according to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Ac-Ax quantified both Achromobacter spp. and A. xylosoxidans down to ~110 genome equivalents and detected down to ~12 and ~1 genome equivalent(s), respectively. Extensive in silico analysis, and laboratory testing of 34 non-Achromobacter isolates and 38 adult cystic fibrosis sputa, confirmed duplex assay specificity and sensitivity. We demonstrate that the Ac-Ax duplex assay provides a robust, sensitive and cost-effective method for the simultaneous detection of all Achromobacter spp. and A. xylosoxidans and will facilitate the rapid and accurate diagnosis of this important group of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin P. Price
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Valentina Soler Arango
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Kidd
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tamieka A. Fraser
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thuy-Khanh Nguyen
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott C. Bell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Derek S. Sarovich
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Achromobacter xylosoxidans Cellular Pathology Is Correlated with Activation of a Type III Secretion System. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00136-20. [PMID: 32366575 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00136-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is increasingly recognized as a colonizer of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, but the role that A. xylosoxidans plays in pathology remains unknown. This knowledge gap is largely due to the lack of model systems available to study the toxic potential of this bacterium. Recently, a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) encoded by a majority of A. xylosoxidans genomes, termed AxoU, was identified. Here, we show that AxoU is a type III secretion system (T3SS) substrate that induces cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. A tissue culture model was developed showing that a subset of A. xylosoxidans isolates from CF patients induce cytotoxicity in macrophages, suggestive of a pathogenic or inflammatory role in the CF lung. In a toxic strain, cytotoxicity is correlated with transcriptional activation of axoU and T3SS genes, demonstrating that this model can be used as a tool to identify and track expression of virulence determinants produced by this poorly understood bacterium.
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13
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Phage therapy against Achromobacter xylosoxidans lung infection in a patient with cystic fibrosis: a case report. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:540-542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Hamza A. One year with autopsy and case reports: an immense educational experience. AUTOPSY AND CASE REPORTS 2018; 8:e2018015. [PMID: 29780752 PMCID: PMC5953182 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2018.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Hamza
- St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Department of Pathology . Detroit, MI , USA
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