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Besekar SM, Jogdand SD, Naqvi WM. A Systematic Review of Case Reports of a Rare Dermatological Condition: Elastosis Perforans Serpiginosa. Cureus 2023; 15:e40296. [PMID: 37448439 PMCID: PMC10337497 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A systematic review was carried out on a rare dermatological condition affecting papillary dermal tissue fibers of the skin known as elastosis perforans serpiginosa (EPS). The aim of this review was to highlight this skin disease, its association with other medical conditions, and its management. The search was conducted by using the keywords "elastosis perforans serpiginosa" and "case reports" in the databases. A total of 10 case reports were analyzed and presented by the parameters like age, gender, chief complaints, and medical history. The most common causes of EPS were drug-induced and occurred along with the Wilson disease. The study concluded that as EPS is an uncommon disease with few instances, there is a need for further research to analyze randomized controlled trials that have been conducted in relation to the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smruti M Besekar
- Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
- Research, Humen Edutech, Nagpur, IND
| | - Sangita D Jogdand
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Atzori L, Ferreli C, Agosta D, Mou M, Coni P, Lachowicz JI, Pilloni L. Generalized scleroderma-like induration associated with D-penicillamine elastosis perforans serpiginosa in Wilson's disease. Int J Dermatol 2023; 62:246-249. [PMID: 35968714 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Atzori
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Ferreli
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniele Agosta
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Pierpaolo Coni
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Pilloni
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Avan A, Członkowska A, Gaskin S, Granzotto A, Sensi SL, Hoogenraad TU. The Role of Zinc in the Treatment of Wilson’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169316. [PMID: 36012580 PMCID: PMC9409413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilson’s disease (WD) is a hereditary disorder of copper metabolism, producing abnormally high levels of non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper, the determinant of the pathogenic process causing brain and hepatic damage and dysfunction. Although the disease is invariably fatal without medication, it is treatable and many of its adverse effects are reversible. Diagnosis is difficult due to the large range and severity of symptoms. A high index of suspicion is required as patients may have only a few of the many possible biomarkers. The genetic prevalence of ATP7B variants indicates higher rates in the population than are currently diagnosed. Treatments have evolved from chelators that reduce stored copper to zinc, which reduces the toxic levels of circulating non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper. Zinc induces intestinal metallothionein, which blocks copper absorption and increases excretion in the stools, resulting in an improvement in symptoms. Two meta-analyses and several large retrospective studies indicate that zinc is equally effective as chelators for the treatment of WD, with the advantages of a very low level of toxicity and only the minor side effect of gastric disturbance. Zinc is recommended as a first-line treatment for neurological presentations and is gaining acceptance for hepatic presentations. It is universally recommended for lifelong maintenance therapy and for presymptomatic WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Avan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 93518-88415, Iran
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Członkowska
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Susan Gaskin
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Alberto Granzotto
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (DNISC), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Stefano L. Sensi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences (DNISC), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Tjaard U. Hoogenraad
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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