1
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Henson BAB, Li F, Álvarez-Huerta JA, Wedamulla PG, Palacios AV, Scott MRM, Lim DTE, Scott WMH, Villanueva MTL, Ye E, Straus SK. Novel active Trp- and Arg-rich antimicrobial peptides with high solubility and low red blood cell toxicity designed using machine learning tools. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2025; 65:107399. [PMID: 39645171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2024] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the rising number of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, there is a need to design synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are highly active, non-hemolytic, and highly soluble. Machine learning tools allow the straightforward in silico identification of non-hemolytic antimicrobial peptides. METHODS Here, we utilized a number of these tools to rank the best peptides from two libraries comprised of: 1) a total of 8192 peptides with sequence bhxxbhbGAL, where b is the basic amino acid R or K, h is a hydrophobic amino acid, i.e. G, A, L, F, I, V, Y, or W and x is Q, S, A, or V; and 2) a total of 512 peptides with sequence RWhxbhRGWL, where b and h are as for the first library and x is Q, S, A, or G. The top 100 sequences from each library, as well as 10 peptides predicted to be active but hemolytic (for a total of 220 peptides), were SPOT synthesized and their IC50 values were determined against S. aureus USA 300 (MRSA). RESULTS Of these, 6 AMPs with low IC50's were characterized further in terms of: MICs against MRSA, E. faecalis, K. pneumoniae, E.coli and P. aeruginosa; RBC lysis; secondary structure in mammalian and bacterial model membranes; and activity against cancer cell lines HepG2, CHO, and PC-3. CONCLUSION Overall, the approach yielded a large family of active antimicrobial peptides with high solubility and low red blood cell toxicity. It also provides a framework for future designs and improved machine learning tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A B Henson
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fucong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Poornima G Wedamulla
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arianna Valdes Palacios
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Max R M Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Thiam En Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - W M Hayden Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Monica T L Villanueva
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emily Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Suzana K Straus
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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2
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Ioannou P, Baliou S, Kofteridis DP. Antimicrobial Peptides in Infectious Diseases and Beyond-A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1651. [PMID: 37629508 PMCID: PMC10455936 DOI: 10.3390/life13081651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent medical research and clinical practice developments, the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) significantly limits therapeutics for infectious diseases. Thus, novel treatments for infectious diseases, especially in this era of increasing AMR, are urgently needed. There is ongoing research on non-classical therapies for infectious diseases utilizing alternative antimicrobial mechanisms to fight pathogens, such as bacteriophages or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs are evolutionarily conserved molecules naturally produced by several organisms, such as plants, insects, marine organisms, and mammals, aiming to protect the host by fighting pathogenic microorganisms. There is ongoing research regarding developing AMPs for clinical use in infectious diseases. Moreover, AMPs have several other non-medical applications in the food industry, such as preservatives, animal husbandry, plant protection, and aquaculture. This review focuses on AMPs, their origins, biology, structure, mechanisms of action, non-medical applications, and clinical applications in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Ioannou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stella Baliou
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Diamantis P. Kofteridis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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3
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S100 Proteins as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Psoriasis and Other Autoimmune Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196640. [PMID: 36235175 PMCID: PMC9572071 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases affecting about 1-3% of the population. One of the characteristic abnormalities in psoriasis is the excessive production of antimicrobial peptides and proteins, which play an essential role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins can be expressed differently in normal and diseased skin, reflecting their usefulness as diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, due to their very important functions in innate immunity, members of host defense peptides and proteins are currently considered to be promising new therapeutic targets for many inflammatory diseases. Koebnerisin (S100A15) belongs to an S100 family of antimicrobial proteins, which constitute the multigenetic group of calcium-binding proteins involved in ion-dependent cellular functions and regulation of immune mechanisms. S100A15 was first discovered to be overexpressed in 'koebnerized' psoriatic skin, indicating its involvement in the disease phenotype and the same promising potential as a new therapeutic target. This review describes the involvement of antimicrobial peptides and proteins in inflammatory diseases' development and therapy. The discussion focuses on S100 proteins, especially koebnerisin, which may be involved in the underlying mechanism of the Köebner phenomenon in psoriasis, as well as other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases described in the last decade.
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4
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Bazin D, Papoular RJ, Elkaim E, Weil R, Thiaudière D, Pisapia C, Ménez B, Hwang NS, Tielens F, Livrozet M, Bouderlique E, Haymann JP, Letavernier E, Hennet L, Frochot V, Daudon M. Whitlockite structures in kidney stones indicate infectious origin: a scanning electron microscopy and Synchrotron Radiation investigation. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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Luong HX, Thanh TT, Tran TH. Antimicrobial peptides - Advances in development of therapeutic applications. Life Sci 2020; 260:118407. [PMID: 32931796 PMCID: PMC7486823 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The severe infection is becoming a significant health problem which threaten the lives of patients and the safety and economy of society. In the way of finding new strategy, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) - an important part of host defense family, emerged with tremendous potential. Up to date, huge numbers of AMPs has been investigated from both natural and synthetic sources showing not only the ability to kill microbial pathogens but also propose other benefits such as wound healing, anti-tumor, immune modulation. In this review, we describe the involvements of AMPs in biological systems and discuss the opportunity in developing AMPs for clinical applications. In the detail, their properties in antibacterial activity is followed by their application in some infection diseases and cancer. The key discussions are the approaches to improve biological activities of AMPs either by modifying chemical structure or incorporating into delivery systems. The new applications and perspectives for the future of AMPs would open the new era of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Xuan Luong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam; PHENIKAA Institute for Advanced Study (PIAS), PHENIKAA University, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam.
| | - Tung Truong Thanh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam; PHENIKAA Institute for Advanced Study (PIAS), PHENIKAA University, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam.
| | - Tuan Hiep Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam; PHENIKAA Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, No.167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11313, Viet Nam.
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6
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The impact of non-ideality of lipid mixing on peptide induced lipid clustering. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183248. [PMID: 32145281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of several antimicrobial trivalent cyclic hexapeptides on the mixing behavior of bilayer lipid membranes containing phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) with varying composition was studied using DSC and ITC. The peptides contained three arginines and three aromatic amino acids and had different sequences. All of them induce clustering of PG-rich clusters with bound peptides after binding. In a previous publication we could show that a correlation between clustering efficacy and the antimicrobial activity of the peptides exists (S. Finger et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1848 (2015) 2998-3006). In the current study we investigated whether the non-ideality of the lipid mixture had any effect on the clustering efficacy and the critical peptide/lipid clustering ratio. We could show that for PG/PE membranes containing 1:1 M ratios and lipids with equal or unequal chain lengths, the amount of clustered PG depended only slightly on the absolute chain length and on the chain length difference between PG and PE. Much larger differences were observed when the PG/ PE mixing ratio was changed. In mixtures of DPPG/DPPE with high PG content, the amount of clustered PG per added peptide was much higher than in PE-rich mixtures. The ITC experiments showed that the critical peptide/lipid ratio for cluster formation is also strongly dependent on the PG/PE ratio in the mixture. In the PG/PE 3:1 mixture, the formation of clusters with bound peptide is much more likely than for mixtures with less PG. For 1:1 and 1:3 lipid mixtures, the critical peptide/lipid ratio for demixing is between 0.002 and 0.004. Therefore, even in these mixtures clustering occurs way below charge saturation of the PG in the mixture and the PG-rich clusters are not charge compensated either. The peptide concentration necessary for inducing clustering amounts to ~8 μM, a value well within the range of minimal inhibitory concentration values observed for the cyclic peptides studied here. Our results show that not only the structure of the cyclic peptide influences the clustering efficacy but also the mixing behavior of the lipids in the bilayers has an influence on the amount of clustering induced by binding of cyclic peptides.
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7
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Kim EY, Kumar SD, Bang JK, Shin SY. Mechanisms of antimicrobial and antiendotoxin activities of a triazine‐based amphipathic polymer. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3508-3521. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - S. Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) Ochang Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
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8
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Pfalzgraff A, Correa W, Heinbockel L, Schromm AB, Lübow C, Gisch N, Martinez-de-Tejada G, Brandenburg K, Weindl G. LPS-neutralizing peptides reduce outer membrane vesicle-induced inflammatory responses. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1503-1513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Davido B, Dinh A, Deconinck L, de Truchis P. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Urinary Tract Infection: An Interesting Approach. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 66:483. [PMID: 29020225 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Davido
- Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | - Aurélien Dinh
- Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | - Laurene Deconinck
- Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | - Pierre de Truchis
- Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, AP-HP, Garches, France
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10
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Folgori L, Bielicki J. Future Challenges in Pediatric and Neonatal Sepsis: Emerging Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2019; 8:17-24. [PMID: 31073504 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1677535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens is currently rising worldwide, and increasing numbers of neonates and children with serious bloodstream infections due to resistant bacteria are being reported. Severe sepsis and septic shock due to gram-negative bacteria represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and contribute to high health care costs. Antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae represents a major problem in both health care-associated and community-acquired infections, with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) now presenting the main threat. These infections in adult populations have been associated with poor clinical outcomes, but very limited data have been published so far about risk factors and clinical outcome of ESBL-associated and CRE sepsis in the pediatric population. The treatment of these infections in neonates and children is particularly challenging due to the limited number of available effective antimicrobials. Evidence-based use of new and older antibiotics based on both strategic and regulatory clinical trials is paramount to improve management of these severe infections in neonates and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Folgori
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Bielicki
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatric Pharmacology, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Pfalzgraff A, Brandenburg K, Weindl G. Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Therapeutic Potential for Bacterial Skin Infections and Wounds. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:281. [PMID: 29643807 PMCID: PMC5882822 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alarming data about increasing resistance to conventional antibiotics are reported, while at the same time the development of new antibiotics is stagnating. Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are mainly caused by the so called ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) which belong to the most recalcitrant bacteria and are resistant to almost all common antibiotics. S. aureus and P. aeruginosa are the most frequent pathogens isolated from chronic wounds and increasing resistance to topical antibiotics has become a major issue. Therefore, new treatment options are urgently needed. In recent years, research focused on the development of synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with lower toxicity and improved activity compared to their endogenous counterparts. AMPs appear to be promising therapeutic options for the treatment of SSTIs and wounds as they show a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, low resistance rates and display pivotal immunomodulatory as well as wound healing promoting activities such as induction of cell migration and proliferation and angiogenesis. In this review, we evaluate the potential of AMPs for the treatment of bacterial SSTIs and wounds and provide an overview of the mechanisms of actions of AMPs that contribute to combat skin infections and to improve wound healing. Bacteria growing in biofilms are more resistant to conventional antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts due to limited biofilm penetration and distinct metabolic and physiological functions, and often result in chronification of infections and wounds. Thus, we further discuss the feasibility of AMPs as anti-biofilm agents. Finally, we highlight perspectives for future therapies and which issues remain to bring AMPs successfully to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Pfalzgraff
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Günther Weindl
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Xu Y, Guo S, Chen G, Zhang M, Zhang X, Dou D. Evaluation of anti-sepsis activity by compounds with high affinity to lipid a from HuanglianJiedu decoction. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 39:364-370. [PMID: 28975862 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1380661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Xu
- Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song Guo
- Department of Computer Science, Shenyang Sport University, Sujiatun, Shenyang, China
| | - Guirong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Mingbo Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Deqiang Dou
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
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13
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Varela JN, Lammoglia Cobo MF, Pawar SV, Yadav VG. Cheminformatic Analysis of Antimalarial Chemical Space Illuminates Therapeutic Mechanisms and Offers Strategies for Therapy Development. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:2119-2131. [PMID: 28810125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The clear and present danger of malaria, which has been amplified in recent years by climate change, and the progressive thinning of our drug arsenal over the past two decades raise uncomfortable questions about the current state and future of antimalarial drug development. Besides suffering from many of the same technical challenges that affect drug development in other disease areas, the quest for new antimalarial therapies is also hindered by the complex, dynamic life cycle of the malaria parasite, P. falciparum, in its mosquito and human hosts, and its role thereof in the elicitation of drug resistance. New strategies are needed in order to ensure economical and expeditious development of new, more efficacious treatments. In the present study, we employ open-source cheminformatics tools to analyze the chemical space traversed by approved antimalarial drugs and promising candidates at various stages of development to uncover insights that could shape future endeavors in the field. Our scaffold-centric analysis reveals that the antimalarial chemical space is disjointed and segregated into a few dominant structural groups. In fact, the structures of antimalarial drugs and drug candidates are distributed according to Pareto's principle. This structural convergence can potentially be exploited for future drug discovery by incorporating it into bioinformatics workflows that are typically employed for solving problems in structural biology. Significantly, we demonstrate how molecular scaffold hunting can be applied to unearth putative mechanisms of action of drugs whose activities remain a mystery, and how scaffold-centric analysis of drug space can also provide a recipe for combination therapies that minimize the likelihood of emergence of drug resistance, as well as identify areas on which to focus efforts. Finally, we also observe that over half of the molecules in the antimalarial space bear no resemblance to other molecules in the collection, which suggests that the pharmacobiology of antimalarial drugs has not been entirely surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Nogueira Varela
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada , V6T 1Z3
| | - María Fernanda Lammoglia Cobo
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada , V6T 1Z3.,Life Sciences Department, Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education , Mexico City Campus, Mexico City, Mexico , 14380
| | - Sandip V Pawar
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada , V6T 1Z3
| | - Vikramaditya G Yadav
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada , V6T 1Z3.,Neglected Global Diseases Initiative, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada , V6T 1Z3
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14
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Ayukekbong JA, Ntemgwa M, Atabe AN. The threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: causes and control strategies. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:47. [PMID: 28515903 PMCID: PMC5433038 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0208-x&token2=exp=1496969815~acl=/static/pdf/676/art%253a10.1186%252fs1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The causes of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in developing countries are complex and may be rooted in practices of health care professionals and patients' behavior towards the use of antimicrobials as well as supply chains of antimicrobials in the population. Some of these factors may include inappropriate prescription practices, inadequate patient education, limited diagnostic facilities, unauthorized sale of antimicrobials, lack of appropriate functioning drug regulatory mechanisms, and non-human use of antimicrobials such as in animal production. Considering that these factors in developing countries may vary from those in developed countries, intervention efforts in developing countries need to address the context and focus on the root causes specific to this part of the world. Here, we describe these health-seeking behaviors that lead to the threat of AMR and healthcare practices that drive the development of AMR in developing countries and we discuss alternatives for disease prevention as well as other treatment options worth exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Ayukekbong
- Section for Clinical Microbiology, Redeem Biomedical, P.O. Box 16, Buea, Cameroon
- Metabiota Inc., Nanaimo, BC Canada
| | - Michel Ntemgwa
- Human Safety Division, Veterinary Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Andrew N. Atabe
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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15
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Ayukekbong JA, Ntemgwa M, Atabe AN. The threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: causes and control strategies. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:47. [PMID: 28515903 PMCID: PMC5433038 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 668] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The causes of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in developing countries are complex and may be rooted in practices of health care professionals and patients’ behavior towards the use of antimicrobials as well as supply chains of antimicrobials in the population. Some of these factors may include inappropriate prescription practices, inadequate patient education, limited diagnostic facilities, unauthorized sale of antimicrobials, lack of appropriate functioning drug regulatory mechanisms, and non-human use of antimicrobials such as in animal production. Considering that these factors in developing countries may vary from those in developed countries, intervention efforts in developing countries need to address the context and focus on the root causes specific to this part of the world. Here, we describe these health-seeking behaviors that lead to the threat of AMR and healthcare practices that drive the development of AMR in developing countries and we discuss alternatives for disease prevention as well as other treatment options worth exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Ayukekbong
- Section for Clinical Microbiology, Redeem Biomedical, P.O. Box 16, Buea, Cameroon.,Metabiota Inc., Nanaimo, BC Canada
| | - Michel Ntemgwa
- Human Safety Division, Veterinary Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Andrew N Atabe
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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16
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Brewitz HH, Hagelueken G, Imhof D. Structural and functional diversity of transient heme binding to bacterial proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:683-697. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Petković H, Lukežič T, Šušković J. Biosynthesis of Oxytetracycline by Streptomyces rimosus:
Past, Present and Future Directions in the Development
of Tetracycline Antibiotics. Food Technol Biotechnol 2017; 55:3-13. [PMID: 28559729 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.55.01.17.4617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural tetracycline (TC) antibiotics were the first major class of therapeutics to earn the distinction of 'broad-spectrum antibiotics' and they have been used since the 1940s against a wide range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, mycoplasmas, intracellular chlamydiae, rickettsiae and protozoan parasites. The second generation of semisynthetic tetracyclines, such as minocycline and doxycycline, with improved antimicrobial potency, were introduced during the 1960s. Despite emerging resistance to TCs erupting during the 1980s, it was not until 2006, more than four decades later, that a third--generation TC, named tigecycline, was launched. In addition, two TC analogues, omadacycline and eravacycline, developed via (semi)synthetic and fully synthetic routes, respectively, are at present under clinical evaluation. Interestingly, despite very productive early work on the isolation of a Streptomyces aureofaciens mutant strain that produced 6-demethyl-7-chlortetracycline, the key intermediate in the production of second- and third-generation TCs, biosynthetic approaches in TC development have not been productive for more than 50 years. Relatively slow and tedious molecular biology approaches for the genetic manipulation of TC-producing actinobacteria, as well as an insufficient understanding of the enzymatic mechanisms involved in TC biosynthesis have significantly contributed to the low success of such biosynthetic engineering efforts. However, new opportunities in TC drug development have arisen thanks to a significant progress in the development of affordable and versatile biosynthetic engineering and synthetic biology approaches, and, importantly, to a much deeper understanding of TC biosynthesis, mostly gained over the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Petković
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty,
Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadeja Lukežič
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,
Saarland University, Campus E 8.1, DE-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jagoda Šušković
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology,
University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Schwarz S, Loeffler A, Kadlec K. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents and its impact on veterinary and human medicine. Vet Dermatol 2016; 28:82-e19. [PMID: 27581211 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance has become a major challenge in veterinary medicine, particularly in the context of bacterial pathogens that play a role in both humans and animals. OBJECTIVES This review serves as an update on acquired resistance mechanisms in bacterial pathogens of human and animal origin, including examples of transfer of resistant pathogens between hosts and of resistance genes between bacteria. RESULTS Acquired resistance is based on resistance-mediating mutations or on mobile resistance genes. Although mutations are transferred vertically, mobile resistance genes are also transferred horizontally (by transformation, transduction or conjugation/mobilization), contributing to the dissemination of resistance. Mobile genes specifying any of the three major resistance mechanisms - enzymatic inactivation, reduced intracellular accumulation or modification of the cellular target sites - have been found in a variety of bacteria that may be isolated from animals. Such resistance genes are associated with plasmids, transposons, gene cassettes, integrative and conjugative elements or other mobile elements. Bacteria, including zoonotic pathogens, can be exchanged between animals and humans mainly via direct contact, but also via dust, aerosols or foods. Proof of the direction of transfer of resistant bacteria can be difficult and depends on the location of resistance genes or mutations in the chromosomal DNA or on a mobile element. CONCLUSION The wide variety in resistance and resistance transfer mechanisms will continue to ensure the success of bacterial pathogens in the future. Our strategies to counteract resistance and preserve the efficacy of antimicrobial agents need to be equally diverse and resourceful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Höltystr. 10, 31535, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Anette Loeffler
- Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Kristina Kadlec
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Höltystr. 10, 31535, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
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Brandenburg K, Heinbockel L, Correa W, Lohner K. Peptides with dual mode of action: Killing bacteria and preventing endotoxin-induced sepsis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:971-9. [PMID: 26801369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections, with the most severe form being sepsis, can often not be treated adequately leading to high morbidity and lethality of infected patients in critical care units. In particular, the increase in resistant bacterial strains and the lack of new antibiotics are main reasons for the worsening of the current situation, As a new approach, the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) seems to be promising, combining the ability of broad-spectrum bactericidal activity and low potential of induction of resistance. Peptides based on natural defense proteins or polypeptides such as lactoferrin, Limulus anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (LALF), cathelicidins, and granulysins are candidates due to their high affinity to bacteria and to their pathogenicity factors, in first line lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) of Gram-negative origin. In this review, we discuss literature with the focus on the use of AMPs from natural sources and their variants as antibacterial as well as anti-endotoxin (anti-inflammatory) drugs. Considerable progress has been made by the design of new AMPs for acting efficiently against the LPS-induced inflammation reaction in vitro as well as in vivo (mouse) models of sepsis. Furthermore, the data indicate that efficient antibacterial compounds are not necessarily equally efficient as anti-endotoxin drugs and vice versa. The most important reason for this may be the different molecular geometry of LPS in bacteria and in free form. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antimicrobial peptides edited by Karl Lohner and Kai Hilpert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Brandenburg
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Div. of Biophysics, Parkallee 10, D-23845 Borstel, Germany.
| | - Lena Heinbockel
- Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Parkallee 10, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Wilmar Correa
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Div. of Biophysics, Parkallee 10, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Karl Lohner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Humboldtstr. 50/III, Graz, Austria
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