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Steiling K, Kathuria H. Occupational Benzene Exposure: An Unrecognized Threat for Lung Cancer Development. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:128-130. [PMID: 38029296 PMCID: PMC10806424 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202311-2023ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Steiling
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hasmeena Kathuria
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts
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Lee WT, Lee WR, Lee W, Yoon JH, Lee J. Risks of Leukemia in Various Industrial Groups in Korea: A Retrospective National Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1187. [PMID: 36673942 PMCID: PMC9859428 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is known that occupational exposure to specific agents is associated with leukemia. However, whether the occupational risks of leukemia differ among various industrial groups remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the occupational risks of leukemia among different worker groups by industry. Data for a total of 11,050,398 people from the National Health Insurance System's claim data from 2007 to 2015 were analyzed. By cohort inclusion of workers whose industry had not changed for three years and with total workers as a control group, the risk for a specific industry group was expressed as an age-standardized incidence ratio (SIR). Among groups by industry, 'Manufacture of motor vehicles and engines for motor vehicles', 'Sale of motor vehicle parts and accessories', and 'Personal care services' showed significantly higher SIRs. In division analysis, the 'Manufacture of other machinery and equipment' and 'Waste collection, treatment and disposal activities' divisions showed significantly higher SIRs than other divisions. We identified an increased risk of leukemia in workers of certain industries in Korea. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to create a policy to protect workers at risk of leukemia. Various additional studies are needed to protect workers by revealing more precise relationships between individual hazardous substances, processes, and leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Tae Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Ri Lee
- Division of Cancer Control and Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanhyung Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongin Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Hua D, Wang X, Han L, Zhou J, Cheng X, Wang B, Zhang J, Li J, Xu P, Gao S, Zhou L, Li F, Fang X, Li J, Wang Z, Liu J, Ren J, Zhu B, Zhang M, Xing C. Industry Distribution Characteristics of Benzene-Exposed Workers with Cytopenia - Four Provinces, China, 2020. China CDC Wkly 2022; 4:1143-1147. [PMID: 36751378 PMCID: PMC9897966 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2022.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Benzene is harmful to the hematopoietic system and can cause leukemia. However, benzene is still being used in various industries including furniture, rubber, plastic products, and metal product manufacturing. What is added by this report? The white blood cell count of workers in general equipment, special equipment, chemical raw materials, and chemical products manufacturing decreased significantly. The enterprises in which benzene concentration exceeded the occupational exposure limit were small enterprises and private enterprises. What are the implications for public health practice? Regular health examinations are necessary for benzene-exposed workers. In addition, the monitoring of benzene concentration in small enterprises and private enterprises should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongning Hua
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Lei Han
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Xiurong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Boshen Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinzhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Peiyu Xu
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shang Gao
- Occupational and Radiation Health Institute, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lifang Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinglin Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Li
- Fujian Center for Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and Chemical Poisoning, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zihuan Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin Municipality, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin Municipality, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meibian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Caihong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China
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Zhou L, Xue P, Zhang Y, Wei F, Zhou J, Wang S, Hu Y, Lou X, Zou H. Occupational health risk assessment methods in China: A scoping review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1035996. [PMID: 36466494 PMCID: PMC9714297 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1035996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the decades, many assessment methods have been developed around the world and used for occupational health risk assessment (OHRA). This scoping review integrated the literature on methodological studies of OHRA in China and aimed to identifies the research hot-spots and methodological research perspectives on OHRA in China. Methods A scoping review of literature was undertaken to explore the research progress on OHRA methods in China. Focusing on OHRA methods, the authors systematically searched Chinese and English databases and relevant guideline websites from the date of establishment to June 30, 2022. Databases included Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, the China National Knowledge Internet, WanFang Database. Some other websites were also searched to obtain gray literature. The extracted information included the author, year, region of first author, the target industry, risk assessment model, study type, the main results and conclusions. Results Finally, 145 of 9,081 studies were included in this review. There were 108 applied studies, 30 comparative studies and 7 optimization studies on OHRA in China. The OHRA methods studied included: (1) qualitative methods such as Romanian model, Australian model, International Council on Mining and Metals model, and Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Essentials; (2) quantitative methods such as the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency inhalation risk assessment model, Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic, and Monte Carlo simulation; (3) semi-quantitative methods such as Singapore model, Fuzzy mathematical risk assessment model, Likelihood Exposure Consequence method and Occupational Hazard Risk Index assessment method; (4) comprehensive method (Chinese OHRA standard GBZ/T 298-2017). Each of the OHRA methods had its own strengths and limitations. In order to improve the applicability of OHRA methods, some of them have been optimized by researchers. Conclusions There is a wide range of OHRA methods studied in China, including applied, comparative, and optimization studies. Their applicability needs to be further tested through further application in different industries. Furthermore, quantitative comparative studies, optimization studies, and modeling studies are also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhou
- Institute of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Panqi Xue
- Institute of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Institute of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiena Zhou
- Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Shaoxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Lou
- Institute of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China,Xiaoming Lou
| | - Hua Zou
- Institute of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Hua Zou
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Li J, Zhao Y, Cheng X, Han L, Wang X, Jia Q, Gao S, Xu P, Wang Z, Li J, Fang X, Chen J, Zhu B, Zhang M, Xing C. Industry Distribution Characteristics of Benzene-Induced Leukemia - 7 PLADs, China, 2005-2019. China CDC Wkly 2022; 4:358-363. [PMID: 35547637 PMCID: PMC9081900 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2022.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? In the 1980s. benzene-induced leukemia (BIL) mainly occurred in shoemaking and painting industries. Now the industry distribution of benzene-induced leukemia may have changed over time. What is added by this report? BlL cases mainly occurred in the manufacturing industry from 2005-2019, especially in private enterprises and small/medium-sized enterprises. The industry with the largest number of new cases of BIL was the general and special equipment manufacturing. The number of leukemia cases in emerging industries such as computer/electronic product manufacturing was found to be increasing. What are the implications for public health practice? Strengthening supervision and regulation of manufacturing, especially of small/medium-sized enterprises and emerging manufacturing industry, may be effective in reducing BIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiurong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Han
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shang Gao
- Occupational and Radiation Health Institute, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiyu Xu
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zihuan Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Fujian Center for Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and Chemical Poisoning,Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinglin Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiabin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meibian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Caihong Xing,
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Wang X, Zhou J, Han L, Cheng X, Shao H, Jia Q, Xu P, Liu J, Ren J, Li J, Li F, Zhu B, Zhang M, Xing C. The Distribution and Concentration Monitoring of Benzene Industries - Six PLADs, China, 2020. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:897-900. [PMID: 34745687 PMCID: PMC8563330 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC? Benzene is classified as a Class I human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Long-term exposure to benzene increases the risk of chronic benzene poisoning and leukemia. However, benzene is still widely used in the manufacturing industry. WHAT IS ADDED BY THIS REPORT? The scale of enterprises most exposed to benzene was small enterprises, and joint-equity enterprises had the highest number that exceeded the permissible concentration-time weighted average. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE? It is still necessary to strengthen the monitoring of benzene concentrations in the manufacturing industry, especially in small enterprises. The occupational exposure limit of benzene should be appropriately reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Han
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiurong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Shao
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peiyu Xu
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Li
- Fujian Center for Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and Chemical Poisoning, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meibian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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