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The Role of the Oral Microbiome in the Development of Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065231. [PMID: 36982305 PMCID: PMC10048844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is a complex and infectious illness that begins with a disruption of bacterial homeostasis. This disease induces a host inflammatory response, leading to damage of the soft and connective tooth-supporting tissues. Moreover, in advanced cases, it can contribute to tooth loss. The aetiological factors of PDs have been widely researched, but the pathogenesis of PD has still not been totally clarified. There are a number of factors that have an effect on the aetiology and pathogenesis of PD. It is purported that microbiological, genetic susceptibility and lifestyle can determine the development and severity of the disease. The human body’s defence response to the accumulation of plaque and its enzymes is known to be a major factor for PD. The oral cavity is colonised by a characteristic and complex microbiota that grows as diverse biofilms on all mucosal and dental surfaces. The aim of this review was to provide the latest updates in the literature regarding still-existing problems with PD and to highlight the role of the oral microbiome in periodontal health and disease. Better awareness and knowledge of the causes of dysbiosis, environmental risk factors and periodontal therapy can reduce the growing worldwide prevalence of PDs. The promotion of good oral hygiene, limiting smoking, alcohol consumption and exposure to stress and comprehensive treatment to decrease the pathogenicity of oral biofilm can help reduce PD as well as other diseases. Evidence linking disorders of the oral microbiome to various systemic diseases has increased the understanding of the importance of the oral microbiome in regulating many processes in the human body and, thus, its impact on the development of many diseases.
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Di Stefano M, Polizzi A, Santonocito S, Romano A, Lombardi T, Isola G. Impact of Oral Microbiome in Periodontal Health and Periodontitis: A Critical Review on Prevention and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095142. [PMID: 35563531 PMCID: PMC9103139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin, oral cavity, digestive and reproductive tracts of the human body harbor symbiotic and commensal microorganisms living harmoniously with the host. The oral cavity houses one of the most heterogeneous microbial communities found in the human organism, ranking second in terms of species diversity and complexity only to the gastrointestinal microbiota and including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses. The accumulation of microbial plaque in the oral cavity may lead, in susceptible individuals, to a complex host-mediated inflammatory and immune response representing the primary etiological factor of periodontal damage that occurs in periodontitis. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting about 20-50% of people worldwide and manifesting clinically through the detection of gingival inflammation, clinical attachment loss (CAL), radiographic assessed resorption of alveolar bone, periodontal pockets, gingival bleeding upon probing, teeth mobility and their potential loss in advanced stages. This review will evaluate the changes characterizing the oral microbiota in healthy periodontal tissues and those affected by periodontal disease through the evidence present in the literature. An important focus will be placed on the immediate and future impact of these changes on the modulation of the dysbiotic oral microbiome and clinical management of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Di Stefano
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.I.)
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.I.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (S.S.); Tel.: +39-095-3782638 (A.P. & S.S.)
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.I.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (S.S.); Tel.: +39-095-3782638 (A.P. & S.S.)
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Hematology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Teresa Lombardi
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.I.)
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Mitruţ I, Scorei IR, Manolea HO, Biţă A, Mogoantă L, Neamţu J, Bejenaru LE, Ciocîlteu MV, Bejenaru C, Rău G, Mogoşanu GD. Boron-containing compounds in Dentistry: a narrative review. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2022; 63:477-483. [PMID: 36588485 PMCID: PMC9926150 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.63.3.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Research on the use of boron (B) in the field of oral health has gained momentum in recent years, with various studies on the possibilities of using various B-containing compounds (BCCs). A multitude of applications have been discovered, from cariostatic activity to anti-inflammatory and antifungal activity, paving the way for other new research directions. B is a microelement that is commonly found in the human diet, and present throughout the body, with the highest concentration in the structure of bones, teeth, and gastrointestinal mucus gel layer. Multiple studies have demonstrated that B plays some important roles, especially in bone development and recently has been proposed to have an essential role in the healthy symbiosis. In addition, B has also attracted the interest of researchers, as various studies used BCCs in conventional or modern biomaterials. In this review, we have brought together the information we have found about B updates in the dental field and analyzing its future perspectives and potential for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mitruţ
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., Podari, Dolj County, Romania;
| | - Ion Romulus Scorei
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., Podari, Dolj County, Romania
| | - Horia Octavian Manolea
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Andrei Biţă
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., Podari, Dolj County, Romania , Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Laurenţiu Mogoantă
- Research Center for Microscopic Morphology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Johny Neamţu
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., Podari, Dolj County, Romania , Department of Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Ludovic Everard Bejenaru
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Maria Viorica Ciocîlteu
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., Podari, Dolj County, Romania , Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Cornelia Bejenaru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Gabriela Rău
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., Podari, Dolj County, Romania , Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - George Dan Mogoşanu
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., Podari, Dolj County, Romania , Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
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Marinescu EA, Nica O, Cojocaru A, Liliac IM, Ciurea AM, Ciurea ME, Ciurea ME. Treatment of skin defects with PRP enriched with hyaluronic acid - histological aspects in rat model. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2022; 63:439-447. [PMID: 36374149 PMCID: PMC9804070 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.63.2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue healing is a complex, dynamic process, characterized by the replacement of devitalized and absent cell and tissue structures. This can be obtained by different methods, these being found in the "reconstructive scale", which although it is very rich does not offer a universally valid solution for closing skin wounds. In plastic surgery, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has proven effective in the treatment of skin graft donor areas, burn wounds, skin grafts, tendons, or varicose ulcers. Also, hyaluronic acid (HA) has found its utility in different areas of medicine, other than the esthetics field, with satisfactory results after its use in various lesions. The aim of our study was to find a method of healing wounds with skin defect that shortens the time of complete epithelialization compared to native healing, which is accessible to any patient both by its simplicity and by the lowest possible costs. So, we decided to test a preparation consisting of PRP and granular HA in this type of wounds on a group of 30 Wistar rats. Corroborating the macroscopic data with the microscopic ones, an important similarity can be observed between the healing of the adjuvant-treated lesion at 14 days postoperatively and the healing of the lesion left to natural healing at 21 days, thus shortening the healing period by seven days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliviu Nica
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Anca Cojocaru
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Ilona Mihaela Liliac
- PhD Student, Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Ciurea
- Department of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Marius Eugen Ciurea
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
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