Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of MTAD, 3% NaOCI and Propolis Against E Faecalis

Elimination of E. faecalis with NaOCl versus chlorhexidine gluconate from primary molar root canal systems: an ex vivo model study

OBJECTIVES

This ex vivo human study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of NaOCl and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) irrigations in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis from the RCS of primary molars.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Disinfected extracted primary molars were inoculated with E. faecalis for 24 h. Then, the RCS samples were then irrigated with either 2.5% NaOCl, 0.2% and 2% CHG, or sham saline. The samples were collected immediately after irrigation; and 24 h later, the bacterial viability and counts were measured using blood agar and qRT-PCR, respectively. Histological sections were used to measure E. faecalis penetration and viability in dentin tubules using fluorescence microscopy.

RESULTS

The recovery of viable E. faecalis after the irrigation of the primary molars showed more significant bactericidal effects of NaOCl and 0.2% and 2% CHG than of saline. Immediately after the irrigation, the NaOCl group showed the greatest reduction in E. faecalis; and 24 h later, all the groups had lower viable E. faecalis than the saline control. The bacterial penetration was also lowest in the NaOCl group, although there was no difference in bacterial viability in the tubules between the groups.

CONCLUSION

In primary teeth, NaOCl and CHG showed similar degrees of bacterial elimination efficacy in terms of E.faecalis.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Within the limitations of this study, NaOCl and CHG have the similar ability to perform endodontic irrigation of primary ex vivo teeth regarding the elimination of E.faecalis, but NaOCl penetrates dentin tubules better.

Chemical Characterization and Cytotoxic/Antibacterial Effects of Nine Iranian Propolis Extracts on Human Fibroblast Cells and Oral Bacteria

Multimicrobial infections caused by pathobionts are called dysbiotic multimicrobial illnesses. Commercial mouthwashes, such as chlorhexidine, have negative side effects that can prevent tooth decay and infection. The present study aimed to determine the antifungal, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity characteristics of the propolis extracts from different areas (Iran). The ethanolic extract of propolis was prepared. GC/MS carried out the characterization to determine the thymol, carvacrol, and menthol extracts, and also, total phenol and flavonoid were assed for all samples. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects were evaluated against S. mutans, S. mitis, S. salivarius, L. acidophilus, E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The cytotoxic effect of extracts was measured on human fibroblast cells by MTT test. The MIC values in mg mL⁻¹ were ranged as follows: S. salivarius (0.003 to 0.048), S. mutans (0.003 to 0.029), S. mitis (0.007 to 0.058), L. acidophilus (0.007 to 0.117), C. albicans (0.014 to 0.234), E. coli (0.007 to 0.058), and S. aureus (0.007 to 0.058), while MBC were, respectively, S. mutans (0.007 to 0.058), S. salivarius (0.007 to 0.117), S. mitis (0.007 to 0.117), L. acidophilus (0.014 to 0.234), C. albicans (0.029 to 0.468), E. coli (0.014 to 0.234), and S. aureus (0.007 to 0.117). Cariogenic bacteria and Candida albicans were demonstrated to be resistant to propolis extracts. Therefore, propolis extracts may make good mouthwashes.

Allium sativum extract as an irrigant in pulpectomy of primary molars: A 12-month short-term evaluation

This study indented to assess the clinical and radiographic assessment of Allium sativum extract as an intracanal irrigant for pulpectomy of primary molars. Ninety children with 110 teeth submitted were categorized into two groups. Clinical and radiographic success rates were checked at 3, 6, and 12 months. Qui-square test at a level of significance was ˂0.05. There was no statistically significant difference (p ˂ .05) between the two groups that has not been detected clinically or radiographically. Clinical and radiographic success rates of garlic extract at 3 months were (80% and 72.7%), which declined at 6 and 12 months to be 76.4% 6 and 74.5% respectively. For NaOCl group, clinical and radiographic success rates were 87.3% and 85.5% at 3 months, 87.3% and 87.3% at 6 months and 89.1% and 87.3% at 12 months. A. sativum extract can be used efficiently as an irrigant for pulpectomy of primary molar root canals.

Propolis: A Smart Supplement for an Intracanal Medicament

Introduction

One of the most important factors for successful endodontic therapy is root canal cleaning. The difficulty involved in eliminating microorganisms, as well as their residual presence, warrants the use of root canal dressings after bio-mechanical preparation.

Aim

The aim of the study was to compare the diffusion ability between nonalcoholic calcium hydroxide-propolis paste, calcium hydroxide-saline paste, and calcium hydroxide-propylene glycol paste.

Materials and methods

For this proposed study, single-rooted extracted permanent teeth were randomly divided into three groups to fill the canals: group I: Calcium hydroxide-propylene glycol paste, group II: Calcium hydroxide-saline paste, and group III: Calcium hydroxide-propolis paste. After complete filing of the root canal, the pH values of the solutions in the flasks are measured at an interval of 3, 24, 72, 168 hours.

Results

After 168-hour interval, it was noticed that the mean pH obtained by calcium hydroxide-propolis paste was 10.54 (± 0.38), which was greater than calcium hydroxide-propylene glycol paste 9.70 (± 0.45) and calcium hydroxide-saline paste 9.16 (± 0.30) consecutively.

Conclusion

The nonalcoholic calcium hydroxide-propolis paste used during the study was able to diffuse through the dentinal tubules. Thus, it can be used as a vehicle for calcium hydroxide.

How to cite this article: Baranwal R, Duggi V, Avinash A, Dubey A, Pagaria S, Munot H. Propolis: A Smart Supplement for an Intracanal Medicament. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017; 10(4):324-329.

Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Diode Laser, Triphala, and Sodium Hypochlorite in Primary Root Canals: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Aim

To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of diode laser, triphala, and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against Enterococc-cus faecalis contaminated primary root canals.

Materials and methods

Forty-nine single-rooted human primary teeth were reduced up to cemento-enamel junction and biomechanically prepared. After sterilization, five teeth were selected as negative controls and remaining teeth were inoculated with E. faecalis. The teeth were then randomly divided into four groups. The first group was irradiated with diode laser, the second group was irrigated with sodium hypochlorite, and the third group with triphala solution. The fourth group served as the positive control. The antimicrobial efficacy was tested by collecting transfer fluid saline from the canals and counting the colony forming units (CFUs) of viable E. faecalis on agar plates. The Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the results, using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 19.

Results

The results showed that mean bacterial CFU were 8.00 ± 7.87 for laser, 58.60 ± 16.63 for triphala, and 69.80 ± 19.57 for NaOCl. Laser group showed significant reduction in the colony count compared to the other groups. Triphala group showed better antibacterial activity than NaOCl, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Laser was most effective against E. faecalis and triphala can be used as an alternative disinfectant to NaOCl in primary root canals.

How to cite this article

Thomas S, Asokan S, John B, Priya G, Kumar S. Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Diode Laser, Triphala, and Sodium Hypochlorite in Primary Root Canals: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(1):14-17.

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of MTAD, 3% NaOCI and Propolis Against E Faecalis

Aim

The present study sought to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of 3% NaOCl, Biopure MTAD (Tulsa Dentsply, Tulsa, OK) and Brazilian ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis).

Methodology

The study utilized 55 extracted human permanent teeth with single root canal. The samples were decoronated, instrumented and sterilized. The teeth were infected with E faecalis for 48 hours. The teeth were divided randomly into 3 groups according to the irrigants used and kept in contact with the respective irrigant for 5 minutes. All the samples were incubated in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth for 96 hours. Disinfection of the samples was determined based on presence or absence of turbidity in the BHI broth 96 hours later. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test.

Results

All the samples treated with MTAD showed complete absence of turbidity, while all the 15 teeth treated with propolis showed presence of turbidity, 8 out of 15 teeth treated with NaOCl showed presence of turbidity. Statistical analysis of the data using chi-square test showed significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The study concluded that MTAD was more effective than 3% NaOCl and propolis against E. faecalis.