Validity and Reliability of the Hindi Version of the Modified Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11 to 14

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Hindi version of Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11-14 ) in school children

BACKGROUND

There is a need to validate OHRQoL measures in Hindi to assess the OHRQoL of Indian children.

AIM

To develop a Hindi version of the CPQ_11-14 and to appraise its validity and reliability for use among North Indian children aged 11-14 years.

DESIGN

The cross-culturally adapted Hindi version of CPQ_11-14 was achieved by forward translation, backward translation, committee review, and pretesting. A total of 1000 children were recruited from schools, chosen by two-stage cluster random sampling technique. After completing the self-administered questionnaire CPQ_11-14 by the child, oral examination was conducted using decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index, malocclusion index, and Dean's fluorosis index. Test-retest reliability was checked on 100 participants after one week.

RESULTS

The floor effect was present in 3.6% individuals, and there was no ceiling effect. Cronbach's alpha for the overall CPQ_11-14 scale was 0.963. Intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficient was 0.952 for the entire scale. Cronbach's alpha value for test-retest was 0.918. There was a non-significant change in domain-level and overall median CPQ_11-14 scores with an increase in DMFT scores. For malocclusion and fluorosis, there was a statistically significant increase in overall and domain-level scores with increased severity scores. CPQ_11-14 and individual domains significantly correlated with both the global questions.

CONCLUSION

Hindi version of CPQ_11-14 is a reliable scale to assess OHRQoL in Hindi speaking 11- to 14-year-old children.

Psychometric Analyses of the Indian (Hindi) Version of the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11-14)

The current research aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Hindi Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ_11-14) in a child population of India. A randomly selected sample of children aged 11-14 years (n = 331) and their parents completed the Hindi translation of CPQ_11-14 and the Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ), respectively, in this cross-sectional study. Children also provided a self-rating of oral health and were examined for dental caries. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted to assess the dimensionality of the Hindi-CPQ_11-14. Internal consistency and reliability on repeated administration were evaluated. Convergent and divergent validities were determined by estimating correlation coefficients between items and the hypothesised subscales. Concurrent validity was assessed using multiple linear regression analyses. The four factors extracted in EFA had a total variance of 38.5%, comprising 31 items. Cronbach's alpha for the internal consistency of the overall scale was 0.90; reliability on repeated administration was 0.92. All the Hindi CPQ_11-14 items had an item-hypothesised subscale correlation coefficient of ≥0.4, and these were greater than item-other hypothesised subscale correlations, demonstrating good convergent and divergent validities respectively. Hindi-CPQ_11-14 was associated with self-ratings of the oral health and overall P-CPQ scores demonstrating good concurrent validity. Hindi-CPQ_11-14 showed a factor structure different from the English CPQ_11-14 and exhibited good validity and reliability.