Time and Eruption Sequence of Permanent Teeth in Hyderabad Children: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Effect of Dietary Pattern on the Emergence of Permanent Teeth of the Children of Larkana, Pakistan

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the association of eruption of permanent teeth of Sindhi children of Pakistan with the consumption of wheat, rice, meat, and milk.

Methodology A team of two dentists (one male and one female) and two assistants (one male and one female) was trained and calibrated before the study and visited all the 26 selected schools on the prearranged time and date and all the children from kindergarten 1 to class 8 were screened. Children with at least one “just erupted” tooth were taken out of the class for further examination. Number of days of eating meat, rice, vegetable, and milk in a week along with date of birth and some other personnel information was recorded on a questionnaire sheet.

Results One thousand two hundred five cases were collected from 26 schools, located in the city of Larkana and its suburbs. The minimum median value belonged to tooth number 16 and the maximum value was for tooth number 27. Twenty-two out of 28 teeth (79%) showed early eruption who consumed the meat more frequently than lesser time. Twenty-three out of 28 teeth (82%) showed early eruption for the children who consumed the vegetable diet a lesser number of times as compared with more frequent. Nineteen out of 28 teeth (68%) showed delayed eruption for those who consumed the rice a lesser number of times as compared with more frequent. Eighteen out of 28 teeth (64%) showed early eruption for the children who consumed a lesser amount of milk as compared with a greater amount.

Conclusion The study concludes that a protein-rich diet accelerated, while calcium, mineral, and carbohydrate-rich food items delayed the eruption of permanent teeth among the children of Larkana.

A rare case of transmigrated mandibular canine and combined orthodontic-surgical management

Canines are paramount teeth for esthetics and function. Transmigration of the lower permanent canine is a rare process of alteration of the eruption path toward the opposite part of the mandible. The position of the migrating tooth varies at different ages, so early detection of the tendency to cross the midline is crucial; canines that have already passed through the center of the mandible can be impossible to realign. Transmigration can start any time before the normal age of eruption. Comparing two radiographic images taken at different ages offers important diagnosis information. Camilleri & Scerri (2003) described a progressive alteration of the tooth position in four steps, from the normal appearance to a low position inside the corpus of the mandible. Following this classification, this article’s aim was to present a case of an impacted lower canine that was diagnosed between the second and third stage of transmigration, around the age of 10, and to detail the combined orthodontic–surgical treatment strategy for “recapturing” and the orthodontic mechanics used to align it. After the examination of cone-beam computed tomography, we have decided to use a lingual arch as a space maintainer and anchorage tool and to surgically expose the tooth. The canine’s initial position and the direction of the force of traction used allowed a proper alignment of the tooth inside the dental arch. The periodontal tissues management was important for good healing, stability, and aesthetics. The early detection allowed a proper interdisciplinary orthodontic–surgical management, and a successful outcome.

Marginal analysis of current status data with informative cluster size using a class of semiparametric transformation cure models

This research is motivated by a periodontal disease dataset that possesses certain special features. The dataset consists of clustered current status time-to-event observations with large and varying cluster sizes, where the cluster size is associated with the disease outcome. Also, heavy censoring is present in the data even with long follow-up time, suggesting the presence of a cured subpopulation. In this paper, we propose a computationally efficient marginal approach, namely the cluster-weighted generalized estimating equation approach, to analyze the data based on a class of semiparametric transformation cure models. The parametric and nonparametric components of the model are estimated using a Bernstein-polynomial based sieve maximum pseudo-likelihood approach. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are studied. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimators in scenarios with different degree of informative clustering and within-cluster dependence. The proposed method is applied to the motivating periodontal disease data for illustration.

Age estimation in the living: A scoping review of population data for skeletal and dental methods

Age estimation of living individuals has become a crucial part of the forensic practice, especially due to the global increase in cross-border migration. The low rate of birth registration in many countries, hence of identification documents of migrants, especially in Africa and Asia, highlights the importance of reliable methods for age estimation of living individuals. Despite the fact that a number of skeletal and dental methods for age estimation have been developed, their main limitation is that they are based on specific reference samples and there is still no consensus among researchers on whether these methods can be applied to all populations. Though this issue remains still unsolved, population information at a glance could be useful for forensic practitioners dealing with such issues. This study aims at presenting a scoping review and mapping of the current situation concerning population data for skeletal (hand-wrist and clavicle) and dental methods (teeth eruption and third molar formation) for age estimation in the living. Two hundred studies on the rate of skeletal maturation and four hundred thirty-nine on the rate of dental maturation were found, covering the period from 1952 and 2020 for a total of ninety-eight countries. For most of the western and central African countries there are currently no data on the rate of skeletal and dental maturation. The same applies to the countries of the Middle East, as well as the eastern European countries, especially as regard the skeletal development.

Tooth eruption clock: A novel learning aid

Chronology of tooth eruption is the most preliminary and crucial topic which is covered in the undergraduate syllabus of the dental curriculum. Eruption of permanent and primary teeth follows a particular time sequence. Both maxillary and mandibular arch has similar number of teeth, beginning from central incisors to molars. The pattern of eruption differs slightly between maxillary and mandibular arch. Remembering the years or months in a numerical manner is the usual way by which a student learns the eruption chronology. Eruption clock is a specially designed learning aid, which makes this teaching–learning process a lot easier, effective and practical.

Use of 3D printing in the planning of a patient with unerupted maxillary central incisors

Impacted central incisors are a clinical dilemma faced by orthodontists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, paediatric and restorative dentists. Successful management requires a robust diagnosis and treatment planning process. This case report highlights the use of 3D printing to aid the treatment planning of a patient with bilateral unerupted maxillary central incisors due to two supernumerary teeth acting as a physical obstruction. The preoperative cone beam computed tomography scan allowed for production of the printed model to the exact size and dimensions of the unerupted teeth and supernumeraries to facilitate the planning of the case and to aid in consenting the patient for treatment.

Age and Sequence of Permanent Teeth Eruption in Lebanese Children

Background

The timing of eruption of permanent teeth can be a precious help to the pediatric practitioner in identifying an appropriate treatment plan. Usually, it presents a more precise sign of an early or late growth of the child.

Aims

It is to determine whether the timing of the permanent teeth eruption in Lebanese pediatric population can be considered as standard Lebanese values, since no other study was previously performed.

Materials and Methods

A cross-sectional study is conducted, and the clinical emergence data are collected for a sample of 2317 Lebanese children aged between 5.5 years and 13 years (1129 girls and 1188 boys) from different socioeconomic groups in rural and urban communities spread over different regions in Lebanon. The study investigates dental emergence patterns.

Results

Statistical analysis is performed with the SPSS Software. A confidence interval of 95% and significance level of 5% are adopted. The trend is for males to begin their permanent teeth eruption later than girls. Emergence of all permanent mandibular teeth is earlier than maxillary ones. Symmetry is found between the right and left teeth in the maxilla, as well as in the mandibula.

Conclusion

In this study, the results indicate that premolars and second permanent molars erupt earlier in the Lebanese children compared to children of other countries reflected in several studies.