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Chen M, Ren M, Shi Y, Liu X, Wei H. State-of-the-art polyetheretherketone three-dimensional printing and multifunctional modification for dental implants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1271629. [PMID: 37929192 PMCID: PMC10621213 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1271629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer with an elastic modulus close to that of the jawbone. PEEK has the potential to become a new dental implant material for special patients due to its radiolucency, chemical stability, color similarity to teeth, and low allergy rate. However, the aromatic main chain and lack of surface charge and chemical functional groups make PEEK hydrophobic and biologically inert, which hinders subsequent protein adsorption and osteoblast adhesion and differentiation. This will be detrimental to the deposition and mineralization of apatite on the surface of PEEK and limit its clinical application. Researchers have explored different modification methods to effectively improve the biomechanical, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, angiogenic, antioxidative, osteogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic, and soft tissue adhesion properties. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress in material property advantages, three-dimensional printing synthesis, and functional modification of PEEK in the fields of implant dentistry and provides solutions for existing difficulties. We confirm the broad prospects of PEEK as a dental implant material to promote the clinical conversion of PEEK-based dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqing Chen
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mei Ren
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingqi Shi
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuyu Liu
- Hospital of Stomatogy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongtao Wei
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Ahmad AF, Yaakob H, Khalil A, Georges P. Evaluating patients’ satisfaction level after using 3D printed PEEK facial implants in repairing maxillofacial deformities. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 79:104095. [PMID: 35860120 PMCID: PMC9289507 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background it is generally the case in any traumatic accident where a loss in hard tissue occurs to preform restorative plastic surgery, as there are many materials and approaches used to restore the loss, this research sheds the light on the use of one such material and approach being 3D printed facial implants manufactured from PolyEther Ether Ketone (PEEK) and to evaluate the level of patients’ satisfaction following the use of said method in repairing maxillofacial deformities. Materials and methods a research sample consisting of 10 patients with facial deformities underwent maxillofacial reconstructive surgery between 2020 and 2021 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in the Tishreen University Hospital - Latakia - Syria. All patients underwent Computed Tomography (CT) scans, then the design of the required facial implant was carried out, the final form of the facial implant was printed from PolyEther Ether Ketone (PEEK), and then surgical work was performed, a check-up after 3 months of the surgical procedure was carried out to evaluate the level of satisfaction on a scale of 1–5. Results The results from the 10 patients showed a good level of satisfaction except in one case where the facial implant had to be removed due to recurrent infection where the patient showed no signs of response to medicinal treatment following the surgery. Conclusions this research suggests that the use of 3D printed PEEK facial implants to be very agreeable in terms of functionality and aesthetics in treating various facial deformities. 3D Printed PEEK PSIs implants are used for repairing facial injuries. PEEK implants are very good means to achieve acceptable aesthetic results. The use of the method is very convenient and saves time and effort. After surgery results were mostly pleasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Fayez Ahmad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tishreen University Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria
| | - Hekmat Yaakob
- Head of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tishreen University Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria
| | - Ali Khalil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tishreen University Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria
| | - Pierre Georges
- Faculty of Dentistry, Al Hawash Private University, Al Mouzaineh, Homs, Syria
- Corresponding author. Omar Al Shamaa st., Homs, Syria.
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Liu M, Wang Y, Zhang S, Wei Q, Li X. Success Factors of Additive Manufactured Root Analogue Implants. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:360-378. [PMID: 34990114 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dental implantation is an effective method for the treatment of loose teeth, but the threaded dental implants used in the clinic cannot match with the tooth extraction socket. A root analogue implant (RAI) has the congruence shape, which reduces the damage to bone and soft tissue. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have the advantages of high precision, flexibility, and easy operation, becoming the main manufacturing method of RAI in basic research. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize AM technologies used for RAI manufacturing as well as the factors affecting successful implantation. First, it introduces the AM technologies according to different operating principles and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Then the influences of materials, structure design, surface characteristics, implant site, and positioning are discussed, providing reference for designers and dentists. Finally, it addresses the gap between basic research and clinical application for additive manufactured RAIs and discusses the current challenges and future research directions for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyan Liu
- Department of Industry Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yanen Wang
- Department of Industry Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Industry Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Qinghua Wei
- Department of Industry Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xinpei Li
- Department of Industry Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Martin A, Azhagarasan NS, Ravichandran M, Ramakrishnan H, Jaya Krishnakumar S, Mahadevan V. Evaluation of the Bioactivity of Surface Modified Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as an Implant Material: An In Vitro Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2020; 11:356-366. [PMID: 33850402 PMCID: PMC8035838 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_258_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioactivity of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) used as an implant material after surface modification by electron beam deposition of titanium. Materials and Methods Twenty-two samples of PEEK were obtained from a single manufacturer, water jet sectioned, and divided randomly into two groups of eleven each (Group I and Group II). Eleven PEEK samples from Group II were coated with Grade II commercially pure titanium by electron beam deposition technique. One representative sample from each group was evaluated for surface roughness, topography and composition using three dimensional surface profilometer, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis. Simulated body fluid (SBF) was prepared and calcium (Ca) content in it was quantitatively analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique. Ten samples from each group were then immersed in SBF for a period of 21 days and amount of calcium depletion was analyzed to determine the bioactivity of two groups. Surface characteristics and elemental composition of immersed samples were analyzed by SEM-EDX and correlated with results of ICP-MS tests. The data obtained were then subjected to statistical analysis using independent t-test. Results Group II samples showed a significant increase in surface roughness compared to Group I (P < 0.02). There were significant differences in Ca depletion of Group I and Group II samples when compared to preimmersion Ca content (P < 0.001). When compared between two Groups, Group II samples showed higher Ca depletion (P < 0.001). Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that PEEK dental implants which were surface modified by electron beam deposition of titanium had enhanced bioactivity when compared to unmodified PEEK. Hence, they can serve as a valuable alternative to conventional dental implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish Martin
- The Tamil Nadu DR MGR Medical University, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N S Azhagarasan
- The Tamil Nadu DR MGR Medical University, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahadevan Ravichandran
- The Tamil Nadu DR MGR Medical University, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hariharan Ramakrishnan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Jaya Krishnakumar
- The Tamil Nadu DR MGR Medical University, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vallabh Mahadevan
- The Tamil Nadu DR MGR Medical University, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sharifi R, Almasi D, Sudin IB, Abdul Kadir MR, Jamshidy L, Amiri SM, Mozaffari HR, Sadeghi M, Roozbahani F, Iqbal N. Enhancement of the Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite/Sulphonated Poly Ether Ether Ketone Treated Layer for Orthopaedic and Dental Implant Application. Int J Biomater 2018; 2018:9607195. [PMID: 30154853 PMCID: PMC6093064 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9607195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of coated layers are one of the important factors for the long-term success of orthopeadic and dental implants. In this study, the mechanical properties of the porous coated layer were examined via scratch and nanoindentation tests. The effect of compression load on the porous coated layer of sulphonated poly ether ether ketone/Hydroxyapatite was studied to determine whether it changes its mechanical properties. The water contact angle and surface roughness of the compressed coated layer were also measured. The results showed a significant increase in elastic modulus, with mean values ranging from 0.464 GPa to 1.199 GPa (p<0.05). The average scratch hardness also increased significantly from 69.9 MPa to 95.7 MPa after compression, but the surface roughness and wettability decreased significantly (p<0.05). Simple compression enhanced the mechanical properties of the sulphonated poly ether ether ketone/hydroxyapatite coated layer, and the desired mechanical properties for orthopaedic and dental implant application can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohollah Sharifi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Davood Almasi
- School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Izman Bin Sudin
- Department of Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir
- Medical Devices & Technology Group (MEDITEG), Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ladan Jamshidy
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Amiri
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mozaffari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maliheh Sadeghi
- Medical Devices & Technology Group (MEDITEG), Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Fatemeh Roozbahani
- Medical Devices & Technology Group (MEDITEG), Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nida Iqbal
- Bio-Medical Engineering Center, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore Kala Shah Kaku (KSK) Campus, Pakistan
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Guo J, Liu L, Liu H, Gan K, Liu X, Song X, Niu D, Chen T. Influence of femtosecond laser on the osteogenetic efficiency of polyetheretherketone and its composite. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008316667460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a femtosecond laser on the osteogenetic efficiency of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and its composite for clinical applications. Methods: One hundred pieces of PEEK and its composite (6 × 4 × 2 mm3) were randomly divided into four groups and treated as follows: group A1, PEEK; group A2, PEEK + femtosecond laser; group B1, PEEK composite; and group B2, PEEK composite + femtosecond. The surface morphology of the pieces of each group was observed through scanning electron microscopy. The surface roughness and wettability, which were considered as the main parameters affecting cell adhesion characteristics of implants, were measured. The animals whose mandibles were implanted with the four groups of materials were killed at the end of 6 and 12 weeks. Various characterization tests, such as Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), push-out test, microscope test, and bone implant contact , were conducted to investigate the healing effect between materials and bones. Results: In group B1, the nanoparticles in PEEK were uniformly distributed. In groups A2 and B2, many periodic nanostructures were observed. The surface roughness and wettability of group B2 were significantly increased compared to those of the other groups ( p < 0.05). At each time point, the number of trabecular bones, contact strength, and BIC of group B2 were higher than those of the three other groups ( p < 0.05). Compared with those of group A1, the test results of group B1 were significantly improved. Conclusion: Femtosecond lasers can effectively enhance the biological activity of PEEK and its composite; PEEK composite exhibits better biological activity than PEEK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Gan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuju Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Song
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deli Niu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianjie Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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Andrikopoulou E, Zoidis P, Artopoulou II, Doukoudakis A. Modified PEEK Resin Bonded Fixed Dental Prosthesis for a Young Cleft Lip and Palate Patient. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2016; 28:201-7. [PMID: 27273727 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This clinical report presents the use of a modified poly ether-ether ketone material as an alternative material for the fabrication of resin-bonded fixed dental prosthesis (RBFDP) framework. This new material can be used for patients allergic to metals, maintaining the same high esthetic demand of ceramics, presenting light weightness and a flexibility similar to bone as a distinct advantage over ceramic materials. CONCLUSIONS The use of a BioHPP RBFDP framework could be considered as an alternative restoration for the replacement of missing lateral incisors in young patients with cleft palate defects. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This modified PEEK material known as BioHPP, is a biocompatible, non allergic, rigid material with good mechanical properties, wear resistance, chemical stability, high polishing and low absorption properties. BioHPP frameworks can be manufactured either via CAD/CAM or via the conventional lost wax technique. The low modulus of elasticity, combined with the use of indirect composite resin as a veneering material, provide a distinct advantage over ceramics or metal ceramics on dampening the occlusal forces, reducing the risk of debonding. (J Esthet Restor Dent 28:201-207, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia Andrikopoulou
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Dental School, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zoidis
- Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Dental School, Greece
| | - Ioli-Ioanna Artopoulou
- Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Dental School, Greece
| | - Asterios Doukoudakis
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Dental School, Greece
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Zoidis P, Papathanasiou I, Polyzois G. The Use of a Modified Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK) as an Alternative Framework Material for Removable Dental Prostheses. A Clinical Report. J Prosthodont 2015. [PMID: 26216668 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This clinical report presents a modified poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) as an alternative material for the fabrication of distal extension removable dental prosthesis (RDP) frameworks. This material can be used for patients allergic to metals, or who dislike the metallic taste, the weight, and the unpleasant metal display of the denture framework and retentive clasps. This modified PEEK material, known as BioHPP, is a biocompatible, nonallergic, rigid material, with flexibility comparable to bone, high polishing and low absorption properties, low plaque affinity, and good wear resistance. It has been used for years in orthopedics and medical technology. BioHPP frameworks can be constructed either via CAD/CAM manufacturing or via the conventional lost wax technique. The clinical use of a BioHPP RDP framework is presented as an alternative for the treatment of a distal extension case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Zoidis
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Papathanasiou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory Polyzois
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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