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Andrieux-Meyer I, Tan SS, Thanprasertsuk S, Salvadori N, Menétrey C, Simon F, Cressey TR, Said HRHM, Hassan MRA, Omar H, Tee HP, Chan WK, Kumar S, Thongsawat S, Thetket K, Avihingsanon A, Khemnark S, Yerly S, Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Siva S, Swanson A, Goyal V, Bompart F, Pécoul B, Murad S. Efficacy and safety of ravidasvir plus sofosbuvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis (STORM-C-1): interim analysis of a two-stage, open-label, multicentre, single arm, phase 2/3 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 6:448-458. [PMID: 33865507 PMCID: PMC9767645 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(21)00031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In low-income and middle-income countries, affordable direct-acting antivirals are urgently needed to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The combination of ravidasvir, a pangenotypic non-structural protein 5A (NS5A) inhibitor, and sofosbuvir has shown efficacy and safety in patients with chronic HCV genotype 4 infection. STORM-C-1 trial aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of ravidasvir plus sofosbuvir in a diverse population of adults chronically infected with HCV. METHODS STORM-C-1 is a two-stage, open-label, phase 2/3 single-arm clinical trial in six public academic and non-academic centres in Malaysia and four public academic and non-academic centres in Thailand. Patients with HCV with compensated cirrhosis (Metavir F4 and Child-Turcotte-Pugh class A) or without cirrhosis (Metavir F0-3) aged 18-69 years were eligible to participate, regardless of HCV genotype, HIV infection status, previous interferon-based HCV treatment, or source of HCV infection. Once daily ravidasvir (200 mg) and sofosbuvir (400 mg) were prescribed for 12 weeks for patients without cirrhosis and for 24 weeks for those with cirrhosis. The primary endpoint was sustained virological response at 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12; defined as HCV RNA <12 IU/mL in Thailand and HCV RNA <15 IU/mL in Malaysia at 12 weeks after the end of treatment). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02961426, and the National Medical Research Register of Malaysia, NMRR-16-747-29183. FINDINGS Between Sept 14, 2016, and June 5, 2017, 301 patients were enrolled in stage one of STORM-C-1. 98 (33%) patients had genotype 1a infection, 27 (9%) had genotype 1b infection, two (1%) had genotype 2 infection, 158 (52%) had genotype 3 infection, and 16 (5%) had genotype 6 infection. 81 (27%) patients had compensated cirrhosis, 90 (30%) had HIV co-infection, and 99 (33%) had received previous interferon-based treatment. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were pyrexia (35 [12%]), cough (26 [9%]), upper respiratory tract infection (23 [8%]), and headache (20 [7%]). There were no deaths or treatment discontinuations due to serious adverse events related to study drugs. Of the 300 patients included in the full analysis set, 291 (97%; 95% CI 94-99) had SVR12. Of note, SVR12 was reported in 78 (96%) of 81 patients with cirrhosis and 153 (97%) of 158 patients with genotype 3 infection, including 51 (96%) of 53 patients with cirrhosis. There was no difference in SVR12 rates by HIV co-infection or previous interferon treatment. INTERPRETATION In this first stage, ravidasvir plus sofosbuvir was effective and well tolerated in this diverse adult population of patients with chronic HCV infection. Ravidasvir plus sofosbuvir has the potential to provide an additional affordable, simple, and efficacious public health tool for large-scale implementation to eliminate HCV as a cause of morbidity and mortality. FUNDING National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand; Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand; Ministry of Health, Malaysia; UK Aid; Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF); MSF Transformational Investment Capacity; FIND; Pharmaniaga; Starr International Foundation; Foundation for Art, Research, Partnership and Education; and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soek-Siam Tan
- Department of Hepatology, Selayang Hospital, Batu Caves, Malaysia
| | | | - Nicolas Salvadori
- Public Health Promotion Research and Training-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - François Simon
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tim R Cressey
- Public Health Promotion Research and Training-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Haniza Omar
- Department of Hepatology, Selayang Hospital, Batu Caves, Malaysia
| | - Hoi-Poh Tee
- Gastroenterology Unit, Medical Department, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Wah Kheong Chan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Infectious Disease Unit, Medical Department, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Satawat Thongsawat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanawee Thetket
- Internal Medicine unit, Medical Department, Nakornping Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Avihingsanon
- HIV-Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand; Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suparat Khemnark
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sabine Yerly
- Laboratory of Virology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong
- Public Health Promotion Research and Training-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Laboratory of Virology, Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment L'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasikala Siva
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Vishal Goyal
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Bernard Pécoul
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
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Azhar MJ, Khalid N, Azhar S, Irshad U, Ahmed H, Khan TM, Habib S, Ali Z, Anwar Y, Bilal M. Study of the Effect of Different Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes on Splenomegaly. Cureus 2020; 12:e10164. [PMID: 33014659 PMCID: PMC7526956 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several recent studies have shown that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its different genotypes are a predominant and leading cause of cirrhosis and splenomegaly in different regions of the world. Advanced stage of cirrhosis leads to portal hypertension that causes splenomegaly. This complication may have many other manifestations such as anemia, infections, and bleeding disorders in severe stages. This study aimed to determine the effect of different HCV genotypes on the development of splenomegaly and to assess which HCV genotypes are more associated with it. Materials and methods A total of 483 conveniently sampled HCV patients were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Six genotypes (1, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, and mixed) were studied, and 80 patients for each of these genotypes were included. Data were collected from patient medical records regarding patient demographic details, HCV serology and genotyping, and sonographic size of the spleen. Results In total, splenomegaly was present in 14.1% (n=68) patients. The development of splenomegaly was significantly associated with old age, as 25.2% (n=26) of patients above 60 years of age (n=103) developed splenomegaly (P=0.005). Our study determined that splenomegaly was significantly related to HCV genotypes 3a, 3b, and 1 (P<0.001, P=0.017, and P=0.019, respectively). By taking mixed genotype as a reference, the odds of developing splenomegaly with genotype 3a were the highest (OR = 9.481; CI=95%). Conclusions Our study concludes that HCV genotype 3a, 3b, and 1, and age above 60 years have a significant association with splenomegaly. Genotype 3a has the highest risk of developing splenomegaly. Therefore, our study demands screening, early diagnosis, and prompt treatment of these particular HCV genotypes to prevent complications and risk of mortality.
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