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Kamenskikh EM, Krygina AY, Gomboeva SC, Zhailebaeva D, Koval DP, Kicherov NA, Otchurzhap CN, Birulina YG, Alifirova VM. [Biobanking in clinical trials involving multiple sclerosis patients]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:7-15. [PMID: 39175234 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20241240727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Investigation of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis requires sophisticated analytical tools of precision medicine, such as omics research, which include genomics, microbiomics and metabolomics (proteomics, lipidomics and glycomics). Such sensitive methods are based on careful preanalytical work with biomaterials to maintain quality and obtain objective results. Implementation of biobanking as a universal method for working with biomaterials will help to standardize the stages of research, compare different scientific team's results. Collaboration of MS researchers with large biobanks can also help to conduct multicenter and long-term prospective studies, to include a wide number of patients. In this article, we analyze the experience of biobanking practice technologies in studies of MS patients and share the experience of partnership between the Center for MS of the Tomsk Region and the Bank of Biological Material of the Siberian State Medical University.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Yu Krygina
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | | | - D P Koval
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N A Kicherov
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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Domenico T, Rita A, Giacomo S, Diego A, Thelma P, Mariana G, Giampaolo N, Francesco N, Maria G, Francesco F, Bruno B, Marco M, Diana C. Salivary biomarkers for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction: A systematic review. Int J Cardiol 2023; 371:54-64. [PMID: 36167219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) accounts for about 7 million deaths per year worldwide. The early identification of signs and symptoms and the detection of specific serological markers of this disease are mandatory to reach a prompt diagnosis and begin potentially life-saving treatment. Point-of-care technologies applied to salivary diagnostics can provide rapid, simple, low-cost, and accurate measurements of specific markers and can also be used in emergency settings. The present systematic review was developed to answer the following question: "Are salivary biomarkers useful in identifying patients with acute myocardial infarction?" METHODS Following the "Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis" (PRISMA) guidelines, we selected 17 papers. The critical appraisal and quality assessment were performed following the National Institute of Health and the classification of the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine. RESULTS Twenty-six salivary biomarkers were explored in association with AMI. Troponins, C-reactive protein, and adiponectin were the most frequently investigated molecules. We found that the evaluated biomarkers had different levels of diagnostic accuracy in discriminating patients with AMI from healthy controls. We also observed a lack of good-quality studies on the association between the occurrence of AMI and the presence of related salivary biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that salivary isoforms of cardiac troponin, C-reactive protein, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) could be useful markers for the prompt diagnosis of AMI. However, the effective use of these markers as possible substitutes for serological markers should be confirmed by further studies that avoid the bias highlighted in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuttolomondo Domenico
- Department of Cardiology, Parma University Hospital, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Antonelli Rita
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma 43126, Italy.
| | - Setti Giacomo
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma 43126, Italy; Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery-Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science with interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Ardissino Diego
- Department of Cardiology, Parma University Hospital, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Pertinhez Thelma
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Gallo Mariana
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Niccoli Giampaolo
- Department of Cardiology, Parma University Hospital, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Nicolini Francesco
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Parma University Hospital, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Georgaki Maria
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str., 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Formica Francesco
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Parma University Hospital, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Borrello Bruno
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Parma University Hospital, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Meleti Marco
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma 43126, Italy.
| | - Cassi Diana
- Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery-Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science with interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Maryam S, Nogueira MS, Gautam R, Krishnamoorthy S, Venkata Sekar SK, Kho KW, Lu H, Ni Riordain R, Feeley L, Sheahan P, Burke R, Andersson-Engels S. Label-Free Optical Spectroscopy for Early Detection of Oral Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12122896. [PMID: 36552903 PMCID: PMC9776497 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12122896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the 16th most common cancer worldwide. It commonly arises from painless white or red plaques within the oral cavity. Clinical outcome is highly related to the stage when diagnosed. However, early diagnosis is complex owing to the impracticality of biopsying every potentially premalignant intraoral lesion. Therefore, there is a need to develop a non-invasive cost-effective diagnostic technique to differentiate non-malignant and early-stage malignant lesions. Optical spectroscopy may provide an appropriate solution to facilitate early detection of these lesions. It has many advantages over traditional approaches including cost, speed, objectivity, sensitivity, painlessness, and ease-of use in clinical setting for real-time diagnosis. This review consists of a comprehensive overview of optical spectroscopy for oral cancer diagnosis, epidemiology, and recent improvements in this field for diagnostic purposes. It summarizes major developments in label-free optical spectroscopy, including Raman, fluorescence, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy during recent years. Among the wide range of optical techniques available, we chose these three for this review because they have the ability to provide biochemical information and show great potential for real-time deep-tissue point-based in vivo analysis. This review also highlights the importance of saliva-based potential biomarkers for non-invasive early-stage diagnosis. It concludes with the discussion on the scope of development and future demands from a clinical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddra Maryam
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Rekha Gautam
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Kiang Wei Kho
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
| | - Huihui Lu
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
| | - Richeal Ni Riordain
- ENTO Research Institute, University College Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
- Cork University Dental School and Hospital, Wilton, T12 E8YV Cork, Ireland
| | - Linda Feeley
- ENTO Research Institute, University College Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
- Cork University Hospital, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick Sheahan
- ENTO Research Institute, University College Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
- South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, T12 X23H Cork, Ireland
| | - Ray Burke
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
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Mirzaii-Dizgah MR, Mirzaii-Dizgah MH, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Karami M, Forogh B. [Translated article] Osteoprotegerin changes in saliva and serum of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Mirzaii-Dizgah MH, Mirzaii-Dizgah MR, Mirzaii-Dizgah I. Serum and Saliva Myelin Basic Protein as Multiple Sclerosis Biomarker. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:309-314. [PMID: 34917290 PMCID: PMC8666920 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.950.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is presented with motor and sensory function loss. It is caused by demyelination and following axonal lesion. As Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) is one of the key elements of the myelin cover, we examined the level of MBP in serum, stimulated, and unstimulated saliva as a suitable biomarker for detecting MS. Methods: A case-control study was performed in 29 healthy women and 32 definitive relapsing-remitting MS patients hospitalized in Imam Reza hospital, Tehran, Iran. MBP level was assayed in serum and stimulated and unstimulated whole saliva. Results: MBP was expressed at a lower level in serum and stimulated saliva of MS patients compared to the control group. The serum MBP level had a considerable correlation with its stimulated saliva level. The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed significant diagnostic ability for MBP to discriminate MS patients with serum and stimulated saliva from controls. Conclusion: Serum and saliva level of MBP is lower in MS, so it may be considered a potential biomarker in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iraj Mirzaii-Dizgah
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang J, Yao MY, Zhang GR, Chen XR, Liu Q, Guo Y, Jia XW. Effects of different enantiomers of amlodipine on lipid profiles and vasomotor factors in atherosclerotic rabbits. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:899-908. [PMID: 34553070 PMCID: PMC8422977 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to describe the functions of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in protecting target organs and the anti-atherosclerotic effects of different enantiomers of amlodipine on a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Thirty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated to four groups (nA = 9, nB = 7, nC = 7, and nD = 7 rabbits): rabbits in group-A (control group) were fed a high-fat diet, group-B rabbits were fed a high-fat diet plus 2.5 mg/kg/day S-amlodipine, group-C rabbits were fed a high-fat diet plus 2.5 mg/kg/day R-amlodipine, and group-D rabbits were fed a high-fat diet plus 5 mg/kg/day racemic amlodipine. Different enantiomers of amlodipine did not influence lipid profiles and serum level of eNOS in the rabbit atherosclerosis model but decreased ET-1 expression to some extent. The serum NO and iNOS levels in the drug intervention groups were significantly reduced. No significant differences in the rabbits' body weights were observed. At the 4th and 8th weeks, the serum lipid profiles significantly increased in high cholesterol diet groups. The serum ET-1 level was significantly increased in each group of rabbits at the 8th week. Both S-amlodipine and R-amlodipine may protect the endothelium by reducing the serum ET-1 level, downregulating iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Ming-yan Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Guo-rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Xian-ru Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei, 056000, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Yifang Guo
- Cardiology Division in Geriatric Institute, Hebei Provincial People’s Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Xin-wei Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
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Mirzaii-Dizgah MR, Mirzaii-Dizgah MH, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Karami M, Forogh B. Osteoprotegerin changes in saliva and serum of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2021; 66:47-51. [PMID: 34147417 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The scope of this study was to assess salivary and serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels in knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Serum and saliva OPG levels of 30 knee OA and 30 matched healthy controls in this cross-sectional study was assessed by ELISA. Knee pain was assessed by WOMAC. Data were analyzed by Student's t-test, Spearman correlation test and ROC. RESULTS The mean serum but not saliva OPG level was lower in knee OA than that of the healthy group. WOMAC negatively correlated with serum OPG (r=-0.501; P=0.000). The serum OPG cutoff value was 237.5pg/ml for the diagnosis of knee OA. CONCLUSIONS As serum OPG was lower in knee OA and negatively correlated with WOMAC, it seems that detection of OPG in serum but not in saliva may be a probable marker to the diagnosis of knee OA. KEY MESSAGES Osteoprotegerin decreases in knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-R Mirzaii-Dizgah
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M-H Mirzaii-Dizgah
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - I Mirzaii-Dizgah
- Dep. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Karami
- Dep. of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Forogh
- Dep. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mirzaii-Dizgah MR, Mirzaii-Dizgah MH, Mirzaii-Dizgah I. Elevation of Urate in Saliva and Serum of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. Gerontology 2021; 67:87-90. [PMID: 33429399 DOI: 10.1159/000512724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis (knee OA) is the most common joint disease and the leading cause of disability and has a considerable financial burden on the healthcare system. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate urate in saliva and serum of knee OA. METHODS Serum and saliva urate levels of 30 knee OA and 30 healthy controls were evaluated in a cross-sectional study. Data were analysed by Student's t test, Pearson correlation test, and receiver operating characteristic. RESULTS The mean serum and both stimulated and unstimulated saliva urate levels were higher in the knee OA than that of the healthy group. WOMAC score positively correlated with serum (r = 0.485; p = 0.004), unstimulated saliva (r = 0.575; p = 0.001) and stimulated saliva (r = 0.453; p = 0.009) levels of urate. The serum level of urate significantly correlated with unstimulated (r = 0.442; p < 0.001) and stimulated (r = 0.563; p < 0.001) saliva urate levels. Serum and saliva urate had significant cutoff values (6.4, 4.9, and 3.3 mg/dL in serum, stimulated, and unstimulated saliva, respectively). CONCLUSION In this study, urate in serum and saliva was increased in patients with knee OA and positively correlated with WOMAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iraj Mirzaii-Dizgah
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
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Meleti M, Cassi D, Vescovi P, Setti G, Pertinhez TA, Pezzi ME. Salivary biomarkers for diagnosis of systemic diseases and malignant tumors. A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; 25:e299-e310. [PMID: 32040469 PMCID: PMC7103445 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Saliva evaluation could be a possible alternative to blood and/or tissue analyses, for researching specific molecules associated to the presence of systemic diseases and malignancies.
The present systematic review has been designed in order to answer to the question “are there significant associations between specific salivary biomarkers and diagnosis of systemic diseases or malignancies?”.
Material and Methods The Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement was used to guide the review.
The combinations of “saliva” and “systemic diseases” or “diagnosis” or “biomarkers” or “cancers” or “carcinoma” or “tumors”, were used to search Medline, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Endpoint of research has been set at May 2019.
Studies were classified into 3 groups according to the type of disease investigated for diagnosis: 1) malignant tumors; 2) neurologic diseases and 3) inflammatory/metabolic/cardiovascular diseases.
Assessment of quality has been assigned according to a series of questions proposed by the National Institute of Health. Level of evidence was assessed using the categories proposed in the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based medicine (CEMB) levels for diagnosis (2011).
Results Seventy-nine studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fifty-one (64%) investigated malignant tumors, 14 (17.5%) neurologic and 14 (18.5%) inflammatory/cardiovascular/metabolic diseases.
Among studies investigating malignant tumors, 12 (23.5%) were scored as “good” and 11 of these reported statistically significant associations between salivary molecules and pathology. Two and 5 studies were found to have a good quality, among those evaluating the association between salivary biomarkers and neurologic and inflammatory/metabolic/cardiovascular diseases, respectively.
Conclusions The present systematic review confirms the existence of some “good” quality evidence to support the role of peculiar salivary biomarkers for diagnosis of systemic diseases (e.g. lung cancer and EGFR). Key words:Salivary diagnostics, biomarkers, systemic diseases, malignant tumors, early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meleti
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria Via Gramsci 14. 43126, Parma, Italy
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Mirzaii-Dizgah MH, Mirzaii-Dizgah MR, Mirzaii-Dizgah I. Serum and saliva total tau protein as a marker for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 135:109476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Stimulated and Unstimulated Saliva Glucose Levels in Children Suffer Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/amh.64373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Feldreich T, Carlsson AC, Risérus U, Larsson A, Lind L, Ärnlöv J. The association between serum cathepsin L and mortality in older adults. Atherosclerosis 2016; 254:109-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mominzadeh M, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Mirzaii-Dizgah MR, Mirzaii-Dizgah MH. Stimulated saliva aminotransaminase alteration after experiencing acute hypoxia training. Air Med J 2014; 33:157-160. [PMID: 25049186 DOI: 10.1016/j.amj.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute cypobarih hypoxia is generally recognized to be the most serious single physiological hazard during flight at altitude. Simulation of acute hypoxia in an altitude chamber is used for the training of military aircrew. Acute hypobaric hypoxia affects critical organ systems in different manners. The purpose of this study was to investigate stimulated saliva glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) alteration after the hypobaric hypoxia process. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in 44 normal healthy military aircrew conducted at the hypobaric chamber of physiology at the University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The GPT and GOT activities were assayed in stimulated whole saliva before and after the experience of hypobaric hypoxia by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry method. Statistical analysis of the Student t-test was performed. RESULTS The mean stimulated saliva GPT activity was significantly higher after the experience of the hypobaric hypoxia process (2.83 ± 0.34 vs. 0.42 ± 0.029 U/L, respectively; P = .001). Saliva GOT activity was also increased after this process (3.32 ± 0.43 vs. 1.22 ± 0.18 U/L, respectively; P = .001). CONCLUSION Results suggest that subsequent to the experience of the hypobaric hypoxia process, there is a rise in the salivary activities of aminotransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmud Mominzadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Mirzaii-Dizgah
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran
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Pietra D, Borghini A, Ricci C, Bianucci AM. Enzyme Kinetics Studies on 29-kDa Human Liver Cathepsin L. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 84:648-58. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pietra
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università di Pisa; Via Bonanno 6 Pisa 56126 Italy
| | - Alice Borghini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università di Pisa; Via Bonanno 6 Pisa 56126 Italy
| | - Claudio Ricci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università di Pisa; Via Bonanno 6 Pisa 56126 Italy
| | - Anna M. Bianucci
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM); Via G. Giusti 9 Firenze 50121 Italy
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Hua Y, Nair S. Proteases in cardiometabolic diseases: Pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:195-208. [PMID: 24815358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. and other developed countries. Metabolic syndrome, including obesity, diabetes/insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia is a major threat for public health in the modern society. It is well established that metabolic syndrome contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease collective called as cardiometabolic disease. Despite documented studies in the research field of cardiometabolic disease, the underlying mechanisms are far from clear. Proteases are enzymes that break down proteins, many of which have been implicated in various diseases including cardiac disease. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), calpain, cathepsin and caspase are among the major proteases involved in cardiac remodeling. Recent studies have also implicated proteases in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease. Elevated expression and activities of proteases in atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, obesity/insulin-associated heart disease as well as hypertensive heart disease have been documented. Furthermore, transgenic animals that are deficient in or over-express proteases allow scientists to understand the causal relationship between proteases and cardiometabolic disease. Mechanistically, MMPs and cathepsins exert their effect on cardiometabolic diseases mainly through modifying the extracellular matrix. However, MMP and cathepsin are also reported to affect intracellular proteins, by which they contribute to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. On the other hand, activation of calpain and caspases has been shown to influence intracellular signaling cascade including the NF-κB and apoptosis pathways. Clinically, proteases are reported to function as biomarkers of cardiometabolic diseases. More importantly, the inhibitors of proteases are credited with beneficial cardiometabolic profile, although the exact molecular mechanisms underlying these salutary effects are still under investigation. A better understanding of the role of MMPs, cathepsins, calpains and caspases in cardiometabolic diseases process may yield novel therapeutic targets for treating or controlling these diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Autophagy and protein quality control in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Hua
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Sreejayan Nair
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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Saliva microbiota carry caries-specific functional gene signatures. PLoS One 2014; 9:e76458. [PMID: 24533043 PMCID: PMC3922703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human saliva microbiota is phylogenetically divergent among host individuals yet their roles in health and disease are poorly appreciated. We employed a microbial functional gene microarray, HuMiChip 1.0, to reconstruct the global functional profiles of human saliva microbiota from ten healthy and ten caries-active adults. Saliva microbiota in the pilot population featured a vast diversity of functional genes. No significant distinction in gene number or diversity indices was observed between healthy and caries-active microbiota. However, co-presence network analysis of functional genes revealed that caries-active microbiota was more divergent in non-core genes than healthy microbiota, despite both groups exhibited a similar degree of conservation at their respective core genes. Furthermore, functional gene structure of saliva microbiota could potentially distinguish caries-active patients from healthy hosts. Microbial functions such as Diaminopimelate epimerase, Prephenate dehydrogenase, Pyruvate-formate lyase and N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase were significantly linked to caries. Therefore, saliva microbiota carried disease-associated functional signatures, which could be potentially exploited for caries diagnosis.
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Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Riahi E. Salivary high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Oral Dis 2012; 19:180-4. [PMID: 22834943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2012.01968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate and rapid diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI) is of major medical and economic importance. The objective of this study was to identify whole saliva high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in patients with acute MI. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A case-control study was carried out in 30 normal healthy individuals, and 30 patients with acute MI were hospitalized in CCU of Imam Hossein hospital, Tehran, Iran. The hs-cTnT levels were assayed in serum and whole saliva in the first and second morning following the MI by ELISA method. Statistical analysis of the Student's t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient was performed. RESULTS The mean stimulated and unstimulated saliva and serum levels of hs-cTnT at both the first and the second morning following the acute MI were significantly higher in patients with acute MI compared with healthy individuals. Furthermore, stimulated and unstimulated saliva hs-TnT levels correlated significantly with serum hs-TnT level (r = 0.415, P < 0.023; r = 0.466, P < 0.021, respectively). CONCLUSION Results suggest that salivary hs-cTnT can be used as an alternative to serum hs-cTnT for diagnosis and monitoring of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mirzaii-Dizgah
- Department of Physiology, Physiology in Unusual States Research Center, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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