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Doye SD, Malur M, Sahu Y, Singh A, Mishra P, Mohamed RN, Karobari MI. Evaluation and comparison of antibacterial efficacy of different concentrations of Chhattisgarh herbal product- Terminalia chebula fruit extract in opposition to Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro study. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1006-1011. [PMID: 38370068 PMCID: PMC10867452 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the low cost, natural origin, higher safety margins, and little to negligible adverse effects of herbal medications, the use of plants and plant derivatives in medicine is becoming increasingly widespread. Terminalia chebula is among the most significant medicinal plants in ayurvedic, siddha, unani, and homeopathic remedies. It is ranked first in Ayurvedic material medicine. T. chebula has been shown to have established effects against various bacterial and fungal infections, including dental caries pathogens. In recent years, there has been a rise in interest in dentistry and medicine related to Enterococcus faecalis. The research aimed to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of different concentrations of T. chebula ethanolic fruit extract (10%, 40%, and 100%) in opposition to E. faecalis and compare it with 2% chlorhexidine. For the study, T. chebula ethanolic fruit extracts were obtained and prepared with Group I: -10% concentration, Group II: -40% concentration, Group III: -100% concentration, and Group IV: -2% chlorhexidine. Colonies of E. faecalis were cultivated in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at 37°C and were inoculated in 16 BHI agar plates. Then, on the petri dishes, four wells were created (8 mm diameter) using a metal borer. The Agar well diffusion method was used to examine the antibacterial activity, and the zones of inhibition around the wells were noted. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests. The result shows that as the concentration increases, there is an increase in the efficacy of the antibacterial property of the extract before it reaches the saturation point. The decreasing order of antibacterial was chlorhexidine >100% T. chebula >40% T. chebula >10% T. chebula. The production of contemporary pharmaceuticals from T. chebula was addressed, as the global scenario is currently evolving toward using nontoxic plant products with traditional medicinal benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Deepak Doye
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and EndodonticsMaitri College of Dentistry and Research CentreAnjora, DurgChhattisgarhIndia
| | - Manjunath Malur
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and EndodonticsMaitri College of Dentistry and Research CentreAnjora, DurgChhattisgarhIndia
| | - Yogesh Sahu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and EndodonticsMaitri College of Dentistry and Research CentreAnjora, DurgChhattisgarhIndia
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and EndodonticsMaitri College of Dentistry and Research CentreAnjora, DurgChhattisgarhIndia
| | - Praveen Mishra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and EndodonticsMaitri College of Dentistry and Research CentreAnjora, DurgChhattisgarhIndia
| | - Roshan Noor Mohamed
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryTaif UniversityTaifSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of PuthisastraPhnom PenhCambodia
- Dental Research Unit, Center for Global Health ResearchSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences UniversityChennaiTamil NaduIndia
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Nam YJ, Hwang YS. Antibacterial and antioxidant effect of ethanol extracts of Terminalia chebula on Streptococcus mutans. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:987-994. [PMID: 34184430 PMCID: PMC8638286 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental caries is a high prevalent chronic bacterial infectious disease caused by plaque, a bacterial colony deposited on tooth surfaces and gum tissues. Streptococcus mutans is a primary cariogenic bacterium commonly found in the human oral cavity. Oral hygiene products containing antibacterial ingredients can be helpful in caries management. In this study, we investigated the anticaries mechanism of the ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula (EETC) on S. mutans and suggest its possible application as a functional ingredients for oral hygiene products. MATERIALS AND METHODS The EETC was prepared from the Terminalia chebula fruit. Disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and colony forming unit (CFU) were analyzed to observe the antibacterial activity of EETC. The glucan formation was measured using the filtrate of bacterial culture medium and sucrose. Gene expression was analyzed using RT-PCR. Cytotoxicity was analyzed using the MTT assay. The radical-scavenging activities of DPPH and ABTS were also tested to verify the antioxidant activity of EETC. RESULTS The antibacterial activity of the EETC was explored through a disc diffusion analysis and CFU measurement. EETC treatment decreased insoluble glucan formation and gene expression of glycosyltransferase B (gtf B), glycosyltransferase C (gtf C), glycosyltransferase D (gtf D), and fructosyltransferase (ftf). The MIC and MBC of EETC on S. mutans were not cytotoxic to gingival fibroblasts. In addition, we observed DPPH and ABTS-radical scavenging activities of EETC. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of EETC may contribute to oral hygiene products for dental caries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea Ji Nam
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Hwang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Laleman I, Teughels W. Novel natural product‐based oral topical rinses and toothpastes to prevent periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2020; 84:102-123. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Laleman
- Department of Oral Health Sciences KU Leuven& Dentistry University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences KU Leuven& Dentistry University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
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Rai A, Tripathi AM, Saha S, Dhinsa K, Jain B, Yadav G. Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Four Different Plant Extracts against Cariogenic Bacteria: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020; 13:361-367. [PMID: 33149409 PMCID: PMC7586476 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is an oral disease which is infectious in nature associated with various pathogenic microorganisms and is prevalent across the world. Aim To evaluate and compare the anticariogenic properties of the different plant extracts against various cariogenic microorganisms. Materials and methods In phase I, the anticariogenic efficacy of four different herbal extracts, namely Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Terminalia chebula (Harad), Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi), and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice), was evaluated against two strains of bacteria viz. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. In the second phase of the study, the overall decay depth was compared. Results In phase I, zone of inhibition was significantly higher in G. glabra (Licorice) followed the descending order by O. sanctum (Tulsi), T. chebula (Harad), and T. cordifolia (Guduchi), respectively. In the second phase, it was found that the decay depth was significantly higher in T. cordifolia (Guduchi) followed the descending order by T. chebula (Harad), O. sanctum (Tulsi), and G. glabra (Licorice), respectively. Conclusion Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) extract had potent antibacterial efficacy against S. mutans and L. acidophilus. Clinical significance Synthetic drugs have many adverse effects, so more attention has been paid to natural remedies because they are safe and effective. Today, the main interest is shifted toward the drugs which is derived from plants, which has led to the screening of many herbal plants for their potential antimicrobial activity and the same can be used clinically as an alternative of synthetic drugs used in dentistry. How to cite this article Rai A, Tripathi AM, Saha S, et al. Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Four Different Plant Extracts against Cariogenic Bacteria: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(4):361–367.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Rai
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sardar Patel Postgraduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay Mani Tripathi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sardar Patel Postgraduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonali Saha
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sardar Patel Postgraduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kavita Dhinsa
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sardar Patel Postgraduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhawana Jain
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sardar Patel Postgraduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gunjan Yadav
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sardar Patel Postgraduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mandava K, Batchu UR, Kakulavaram S, Repally S, Chennuri I, Bedarakota S, Sunkara N. Design and study of anticaries effect of different medicinal plants against S.mutans glucosyltransferase. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:197. [PMID: 31375097 PMCID: PMC6679430 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was aimed to evaluate the molecular level anticaries effect of different medicinal plants against Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) glucosyltransferases (gtf). METHODS A total of six natural sources named as Terminalia chebula (T.chebula), Psidium guajava (P.guajava), Azadirachta indica (A.indica) and Pongamia pinnata (P.pinnata); two essential oils, clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and peppermint oil (Mentha piperita) were selected as test samples. Hydroalcoholic plant extracts and essential oils were examined for their inhibitory potential on gtf isolated from S.mutans. Polyherbal mouth wash was prepared and its effect on gtf activity was compared with commercial chlorhexidine mouth wash (5%w/v). Enzyme kinetic study was carried out in order to explore the molecular mechanism of enzyme action. RESULTS Out of six natural sources tested, A.indica has shown maximum inhibitory effect of 91.647% on gtf and T.chebula has shown IC50 of 1.091 mg/ml which is significant when compared to standard chlorhexidine. From the final result of kinetic analysis it was found that T.chebula, P.guajava and P.pinnata have show uncompetitive inhibition where as A.indica has shown non-competitive inhibition. Surprisingly, both essential oils have shown allosteric inhibition (sigmoidal response). The polyherbal moutwash has shown significant inhibitory potential on gtf (95.936%) when compared to commercial chlorhexidine mouthwash (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION All the tested samples have shown considerable gtf inhibitory action. Moreover polyherbal mouth wash has shown promising noncompetitive inhibitory activity against gtf and it could be the future formulation to combat dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranmai Mandava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharat Institute of Technology, Mangalpally, JNTUH, R.R. District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 501510, India.
| | - Uma Rajeswari Batchu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Bharat Institute of Technology, Mangalpally, JNTUH, R.R. District, Hyderabad, 501510, India
| | - Shravya Kakulavaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharat Institute of Technology, Mangalpally, JNTUH, R.R. District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 501510, India
| | - Shulamithi Repally
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharat Institute of Technology, Mangalpally, JNTUH, R.R. District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 501510, India
| | - Ishwarya Chennuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharat Institute of Technology, Mangalpally, JNTUH, R.R. District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 501510, India
| | - Srinivas Bedarakota
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharat Institute of Technology, Mangalpally, JNTUH, R.R. District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 501510, India
| | - Namratha Sunkara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharat Institute of Technology, Mangalpally, JNTUH, R.R. District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 501510, India
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Shetty SB, Mahin-Syed-Ismail P, Varghese S, Thomas-George B, Kandathil-Thajuraj P, Baby D, Haleem S, Sreedhar S, Devang-Divakar D. Antimicrobial effects of Citrus sinensis peel extracts against dental caries bacteria: An in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e71-7. [PMID: 26855710 PMCID: PMC4739372 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ethnomedicine is gaining admiration since years but still there is abundant medicinal flora which is unrevealed through research. The study was conducted to assess the in vitro antimicrobial potential and also determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Citrus sinensis peel extracts with a view of searching a novel extract as a remedy for dental caries pathogens. Material and Methods Aqueous and ethanol (cold and hot) extracts prepared from peel of Citrus sinensis were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, using agar well diffusion method. The lowest concentration of every extract considered as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined for both test organisms. One way ANOVA with Post Hoc Bonferroni test was applied for statistical analysis. Confidence level and level of significance were set at 95% and 5% respectively. Results Dental caries pathogens were inhibited most by hot ethanolic extract of Citrus sinensispeel followed by cold ethanolic extract. Aqueous extracts were effective at very high concentrations. Minimum inhibitory concentration of hot and cold ethanolic extracts of Citrus sinensis peel ranged between 12-15 mg/ml against both the dental caries pathogens. Conclusions Citrus sinensispeels extract was found to be effective against dental caries pathogens and contain compounds with therapeutic potential. Nevertheless, clinical trials on the effect of these plants are essential before advocating large-scale therapy. Key words:Agar well diffusion, antimicrobial activity, dental caries, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna B Shetty
- Senior Lecturer, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
| | - Prabu Mahin-Syed-Ismail
- Assistant Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, IBN Sina National College of Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaji Varghese
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, P.S.M College of Dental Sciences and Research, Akkikavu, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Bibin Thomas-George
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, IBN Sina National College of Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pathinettam Kandathil-Thajuraj
- Professor and HOD, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, P.S.M College of Dental Sciences and Research, Akkikavu, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Deepak Baby
- Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, P.S.M College of Dental Sciences and Research, Akkikavu, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Shaista Haleem
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Aesthetic and Restorative Dentistry, University of Manchester, London, UK
| | - Sreeja Sreedhar
- Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Shankara Dental College and Hospital, Varkala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Darshan Devang-Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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