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Vithiya G, Rajendran T, Velvizhi S, Ramesh A. Pulmonary tuberculosis and neurologic melioidosis coinfection-first case report from Madurai. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 46:100458. [PMID: 37708741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite tuberculosis and melioidosis being endemic in many countries, coinfections are unusual. Only fourteen cases of tuberculosis melioidosis coinfections have been reported. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of coinfection of tuberculosis and neurologic melioidosis. We report a case of 48 year diabetic male presented with fever, headache and altered sensorium for two days. On examination, there was scalp abscess with subgaleal hematoma, pus culture of which grew B. pseudomallei. Sputum culture grew the same and sputum tuberculosis PCR was positive. Patient was concurrently treated for both the conditions and recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vithiya
- Department of Microbiology, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India.
| | - T Rajendran
- Department of Microbiology, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India
| | - S Velvizhi
- Department of Microbiology, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India
| | - A Ramesh
- Department of Microbiology, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India
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Behera B, Mohanty S, Mishra B, Mohapatra PR. Letter in Response to "Melioidosis in a Tertiary Care Center from South India: A 5-year Experience. Indian J Crit Care Med 2023; 27:368-369. [PMID: 37214114 PMCID: PMC10196643 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
How to cite this article: Behera B, Mohanty S, Mishra B, Mohapatra PR. Letter in Response to "Melioidosis in a Tertiary Care Center from South India: A 5-year Experience. Indian J Crit Care Med 2023;27(5):368-369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijayini Behera
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srujana Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Baijayantimala Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prasanta Raghab Mohapatra
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Melioidosis and Burkholderia pseudomallei : progress in epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and vaccination. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2022; 35:517-523. [PMID: 35942848 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Melioidosis and its causative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei are being found in unexpected locations and bacterial genotyping is providing new insights into global spread and where and how individuals are being infected. This review summarizes recent studies covering the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of melioidosis. RECENT FINDINGS Whole-genome sequencing of B. pseudomallei from patients and environmental sampling is informing the phylogeography of B. pseudomallei at regional, continental, and global levels, while also defining the epidemiology for individual cases. The situation in Africa remains the most unresolved, while the evolving story of B. pseudomallei in the Americas may establish that B. pseudomallei is endemic in parts of southern USA. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of melioidosis are well established, and published mortality has decreased from 50% or higher to 10% or lower in some countries but access to laboratory and therapeutic resources are not available or are extremely limited in many melioidosis-endemic regions. SUMMARY The enormous clinical diversity of melioidosis and the complexities of laboratory diagnosis and of treatment make it a sentinel disease for highlighting the continuing global disparities in access to and provision of healthcare.
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Chowdhury S, Barai L, Afroze SR, Ghosh PK, Afroz F, Rahman H, Ghosh S, Hossain MB, Rahman MZ, Das P, Rahim MA. The Epidemiology of Melioidosis and Its Association with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020149. [PMID: 35215093 PMCID: PMC8878808 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is an under-recognized fatal disease in humans, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Globally, more than 35,000 human melioidosis cases have been reported since 1911. Soil acts as the natural reservoir of B. pseudomallei. Humans may become infected by this pathogen through direct contact with contaminated soil and/or water. Melioidosis commonly occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus, who increase the occurrence of melioidosis in a population. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate to what extent diabetes mellitus affects the patient in getting melioidosis. We selected 39 articles for meta-analysis. This extensive review also provided the latest updates on the global distribution, clinical manifestation, preexisting underlying diseases, and risk factors of melioidosis. Diabetes mellitus was identified as the predominant predisposing factor for melioidosis in humans. The overall proportion of melioidosis cases having diabetes was 45.68% (95% CI: 44.8-46.57, p < 0.001). Patients with diabetes mellitus were three times more likely to develop melioidosis than patients with no diabetes (RR 3.40, 95% CI: 2.92-3.87, p < 0.001). The other potential risk factors included old age, exposure to soil and water, preexisting underlying diseases (chronic kidney disease, lung disease, heart disease, and thalassemia), and agricultural activities. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for melioidosis in patients with diabetes mellitus may be developed and shared with healthcare professionals of melioidosis endemic countries to reduce morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanta Chowdhury
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (P.K.G.); (H.R.); (S.G.); (M.Z.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lovely Barai
- Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (L.B.); (S.R.A.); (F.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Samira Rahat Afroze
- Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (L.B.); (S.R.A.); (F.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Probir Kumar Ghosh
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (P.K.G.); (H.R.); (S.G.); (M.Z.R.)
| | - Farhana Afroz
- Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (L.B.); (S.R.A.); (F.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Habibur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (P.K.G.); (H.R.); (S.G.); (M.Z.R.)
| | - Sumon Ghosh
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (P.K.G.); (H.R.); (S.G.); (M.Z.R.)
| | - Muhammad Belal Hossain
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Mohammed Ziaur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (P.K.G.); (H.R.); (S.G.); (M.Z.R.)
| | - Pritimoy Das
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia;
| | - Muhammad Abdur Rahim
- Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (L.B.); (S.R.A.); (F.A.); (M.A.R.)
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Gopalakrishnan R. Melioidosis-Commonly Missed, Yet Not Uncommon and Eminently Treatable. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021; 25:258-259. [PMID: 33790503 PMCID: PMC7991765 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
How to cite this article: Gopalakrishnan R. Melioidosis-Commonly Missed, Yet Not Uncommon and Eminently Treatable. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(3):258-259.
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