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Zheng X, Liu W, Zhang D. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Oxazole-Based Molecules via van Leusen Oxazole Synthesis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071594. [PMID: 32244317 PMCID: PMC7180750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxazole compounds, including one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom in a five-membered heterocyclic ring, are present in various biological activities. Due to binding with a widespread spectrum of receptors and enzymes easily in biological systems through various non-covalent interactions, oxazole-based molecules are becoming a kind of significant heterocyclic nucleus, which have received attention from researchers globally, leading them to synthesize diverse oxazole derivatives. The van Leusen reaction, based on tosylmethylisocyanides (TosMICs), is one of the most appropriate strategies to prepare oxazole-based medicinal compounds. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of the synthesis of oxazole-containing molecules utilizing the van Leusen oxazole synthesis from 1972, aiming to look for potential oxazole-based medicinal compounds, which are valuable information for drug discovery and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunan Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (D.Z.); Tel.: +86-188-1775-2588 (W.L.); +86-431-8783-6471 (D.Z.)
| | - Dawei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (D.Z.); Tel.: +86-188-1775-2588 (W.L.); +86-431-8783-6471 (D.Z.)
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Total synthesis of the linear and angular 3-methylated regioisomers of the marine natural product Kealiiquinone and biological evaluation of related Leucetta sp. alkaloids on human breast cancer. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhou Y, Choi YJ, Kim E, Oh MH, Shin HJ, Kim SK, Lee K. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Streptochlorin and Its Synthetic Derivative, 5-Hydroxy-2'-isobutyl Streptochlorin, in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:326-337. [PMID: 29491209 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of streptochlorin and its derivative 5-hydroxy-2'-isobutyl streptochlorin (HIS) in mice. Plasma concentration of streptochlorin declined rapidly resulting in a high sustemic plasma clearance (CLp) (5.8±1.7 L/h/kg), a large volume of distribution (Vss) (1.4±0.9 L/kg) and a short half-life (t1/2) (0.4±0.1 h) after a single intravenous administration (5 mg/kg). Oral bioavailability (F) was 10.3±3.4% after a single oral administration (10 mg/kg). HIS also showed a rapid plasma decline with a high CLp (11.3±8.8 L/h/kg), a high Vss (0.8±1.0 L/kg) and a short t1/2 (0.070±0.004 h) following intravenous administration. It was not detected in plasma after oral administration. Metabolic stability studies using mouse liver microsomes and S9 fractions predicted a high hepatic clearance for both compounds, consistent with the in vivo data. Metabolite identification studies revealed three metabolic pathways for streptochlorin: monooxygenation, glucuronidation of the indole moiety and oxidative opening of the 4-chlorooxazole ring. HIS was metabolized via monooxygenation of the isobutyl chain and glucuronidation of the indole ring. These results may aid in structural optimization to mitigate the metabolic liability of streptochlorin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hee Jae Shin
- Marine Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST)
| | | | - Kiho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University.,Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital
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Zhang MZ, Chen Q, Xie CH, Mulholland N, Turner S, Irwin D, Gu YC, Yang GF, Clough J. Synthesis and antifungal activity of novel streptochlorin analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 92:776-83. [PMID: 25633493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Streptochlorin, first isolated as a new antibiotic in 1988 from the lipophilic extracts of the mycelium of a Streptomyces sp, is an indole natural products with a variety of biological activities. Based on the methods developed for the synthesis of pimprinine in our laboratory, we have synthesized a series of indole-modified streptochlorin analogues and measured their activities against seven phytopathogenic fungi. Some of the analogues displayed good activity in the primary assays, and the seven compounds 10b, 10c, 11e, 13e, 21, 22c and 22e (shown in Figure 1) were identified as the most promising candidates for further study. Structural optimization is still ongoing with the aim of discovering synthetic analogues with improved antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
| | - Cai-Hong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Nick Mulholland
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Turner
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Dianne Irwin
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
| | - John Clough
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
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