Bowenoid Papulosis of the Vulva and Subsequent Periungual Bowen's Disease Induced by the Same Mucosal HPVs

Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction after Risk-Reducing Mastectomy in BRCA Mutation Carriers: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Women with BRCA gene mutations have a higher lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. Furthermore, cancer is usually diagnosed at a younger age compared to the wild-type counterpart. Strategies for risk management include intensive surveillance or risk-reducing mastectomy. The latter provides a significant reduction of the risk of developing breast cancer, simultaneously ensuring a natural breast appearance due to the preservation of the skin envelope and the nipple-areola complex. Implant-based breast reconstruction is the most common technique after risk-reducing surgery and can be achieved with either a submuscular or a prepectoral approach, in one or multiple stages. This study analyzes the outcomes of the different reconstructive techniques through a retrospective review on 46 breasts of a consecutive, single-center case series. Data analysis was carried out with EpiInfo version 7.2. Results of this study show no significant differences in postoperative complications between two-stage tissue expander/implant reconstruction and direct-to-implant (DTI) reconstruction, with DTI having superior aesthetic outcomes, especially in the prepectoral subgroup. In our experience, the DTI prepectoral approach has proven to be a safe and less time-consuming alternative to the submuscular two-stage technique, providing a pleasant reconstructed breast and overcoming the drawbacks of subpectoral implant placement.

Polydactylous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nail Unit: A Structured Review of the Literature

Squamous cell carcinoma of the nail unit (SCCNU) is a rare neoplastic condition that involves multiple digits (polydactylous SCCNU) in only 3.9% of cases. Here, we report a case of polydactylous SCCNU and perform a comprehensive review of MEDLINE and Embase to collate 44 cases of polydactylous SCCNU reported to date. Polydactylous patients were younger on average (48 to 61-63 years) and had a longer diagnostic delay (44 vs 35.1 months) compared with reported monodactylous cases. Human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity was observed in 49% of cases, and the most common serotypes noted were 16 (25.8%), 73 (16.1%), 58 (9.7%), 18 (6.5%), and 33 (6.5%). Twenty percent of the cases were in immunosuppressed individuals who had a statistically significant lower age at diagnosis (39.33 years vs 51.12 years; P = .01) and diagnostic delay (2.50 months vs 132.46 months, P = .04). Patients with HPV positivity had a lower age at diagnosis (43.74 years vs 53.29 years, P = .04). Environmental exposures noted to be associated with polydactylous disease included X-rays, paint/solvents, soluble oils, and stagnant water. This comprehensive literature review serves to characterize polydactylous SCCNU and distinguish the differences in its characteristics to improve diagnosis and clinical recognition.

In situ squamous cell carcinoma of male and female external genitalia

In situ squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of male and female genitalia can present as Bowen's disease (BD), erythroplasia of Queyrat, Bowenoid papulosis, Paget's disease, pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic, and micaceous balanitis. BD is SCC in situ. It affects both skin and mucous membranes and has the potential to progress to invasive SCC. BD can be found on any body site, including both sun-exposed and non-sun-exposed regions of the body. However, BD presenting on the genitalia is rare. Here, we present a report of three cases of in situ genital malignancies. Two females had BD, and one male had erythroplasia of Queyrat.

Pigmented Bowen's disease associated with high-risk HPV simulating melanoma of the hand

Bowen's disease is an in situ squamous cell carcinoma of the skin with only 2% of pigmented cases reported. It is clinically characterized by papules and plaques of blackened surface that may be caused either by sun damage - usually in photoexposed areas in elderly individuals - or by human papillomavirus infection - usually in the anogenital region of young adults. Dermoscopic aspects of Bowen's disease are discussed for over a decade, but with no definitive criteria that would lead to a definitive diagnosis. We present a case of Bowen's disease affecting the finger of a 57-year-old Asian patient. The lesion clinically and dermoscopically simulated a melanoma. Histopathological findings suggested the diagnosis of pigmented Bowen's disease. Pigmented Bowen's disease should be considered a differential diagnosis of melanoma, since its clinical and dermoscopic criteria are unspecific. Histopathological examination remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of the disease.

Update on non-melanoma skin cancer and the value of dermoscopy in its diagnosis and treatment monitoring

Dermoscopy has become an integrative part of the clinical examination of skin tumors. This is because it significantly improves the early diagnosis of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) including basal cell carcinoma and keratinocyte skin cancer compared with the unaided eye. Besides its value in the noninvasive diagnosis of skin cancer, dermoscopy has also gained increased interest in the management of NMSC. Dermoscopy has been used in the preoperative evaluation of tumor margins, monitoring of the outcomes of topical treatments and post-treatment follow-up. This article provides an update on NMSC with special emphasis on dermoscopy in the diagnosis and management of basal cell carcinoma, actinic keratosis, Bowens' disease and squamous cell carcinoma.