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Zhou X, Li H, Guo S, Wang J, Shi C, Espitia M, Guo X, Wang Q, Liu M, Assassi S, Reveille JD, Mayes MD. Associations of Multiple NOTCH4 Exonic Variants with Systemic Sclerosis. J Rheumatol 2018; 46:184-189. [PMID: 30442821 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.180094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Findings from previous genome-wide association studies indicated an association of the NOTCH4 gene with systemic sclerosis (SSc). This is a followup study to fine-map exonic variants of NOTCH4 in SSc. METHODS All exons of NOTCH4 were sequenced and analyzed in a total of 1006 patients with SSc and 1004 controls of US white ancestry with the Ion Torrent system. Identified SSc-associated variants were confirmed with Sanger sequencing, and then examined in a Chinese Han cohort consisting of 576 patients with SSc and 574 controls. The NOTCH4 variants were analyzed for association with SSc as a whole and with SSc clinical and autoantibody subtypes with and without the influence of specific HLA-class II alleles that had been previously identified as major genetic factors in SSc. RESULTS A total of 12 SSc-associated and SSc subtype-associated exonic variants of NOTCH4 were identified in the US cohort. Three of them are nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 1 is a CTG tandem repeat that encodes for a poly-leucine, all of which are located in the NOTCH4 extracellular domain (NECD). Conditional logistic regression analysis on SSc-associated HLA-class II alleles indicated an independent association of the NOTCH4 variants with SSc autoantibody subtypes. Analysis of the Chinese cohort supported a genetic contribution of NOTCH4 to SSc and its subtypes. CONCLUSION Multiple NOTCH4 exonic variants were associated with SSc and/or SSc subtypes. Several of these variants encode nonsynonymous sequence changes occurring in the NECD, which implicates a potentially functional effect of NOTCH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhou
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai; Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang; Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen; Life Sciences College, Hubei University, Wuhan, China. .,X. Zhou, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; H. Li, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; S. Guo, PhD, Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health; J. Wang, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University; C. Shi, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital; M. Espitia, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; X. Guo, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital; M. Liu, PhD, Life Sciences College, Hubei University; S. Assassi, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; J.D. Reveille, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; M.D. Mayes, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School.
| | - Hongye Li
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai; Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang; Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen; Life Sciences College, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,X. Zhou, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; H. Li, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; S. Guo, PhD, Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health; J. Wang, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University; C. Shi, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital; M. Espitia, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; X. Guo, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital; M. Liu, PhD, Life Sciences College, Hubei University; S. Assassi, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; J.D. Reveille, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; M.D. Mayes, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Shicheng Guo
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai; Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang; Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen; Life Sciences College, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,X. Zhou, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; H. Li, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; S. Guo, PhD, Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health; J. Wang, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University; C. Shi, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital; M. Espitia, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; X. Guo, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital; M. Liu, PhD, Life Sciences College, Hubei University; S. Assassi, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; J.D. Reveille, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; M.D. Mayes, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Jiucun Wang
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai; Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang; Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen; Life Sciences College, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,X. Zhou, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; H. Li, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; S. Guo, PhD, Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health; J. Wang, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University; C. Shi, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital; M. Espitia, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; X. Guo, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital; M. Liu, PhD, Life Sciences College, Hubei University; S. Assassi, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; J.D. Reveille, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; M.D. Mayes, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Chunhua Shi
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai; Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang; Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen; Life Sciences College, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,X. Zhou, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; H. Li, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; S. Guo, PhD, Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health; J. Wang, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University; C. Shi, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital; M. Espitia, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; X. Guo, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital; M. Liu, PhD, Life Sciences College, Hubei University; S. Assassi, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; J.D. Reveille, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; M.D. Mayes, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Maribel Espitia
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai; Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang; Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen; Life Sciences College, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,X. Zhou, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; H. Li, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; S. Guo, PhD, Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health; J. Wang, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University; C. Shi, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital; M. Espitia, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; X. Guo, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital; M. Liu, PhD, Life Sciences College, Hubei University; S. Assassi, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; J.D. Reveille, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; M.D. Mayes, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Xinjian Guo
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai; Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang; Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen; Life Sciences College, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,X. Zhou, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; H. Li, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; S. Guo, PhD, Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health; J. Wang, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University; C. Shi, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital; M. Espitia, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; X. Guo, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital; M. Liu, PhD, Life Sciences College, Hubei University; S. Assassi, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; J.D. Reveille, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; M.D. Mayes, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Qingwen Wang
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai; Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang; Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen; Life Sciences College, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,X. Zhou, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; H. Li, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; S. Guo, PhD, Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health; J. Wang, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University; C. Shi, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital; M. Espitia, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; X. Guo, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital; M. Liu, PhD, Life Sciences College, Hubei University; S. Assassi, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; J.D. Reveille, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; M.D. Mayes, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai; Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang; Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen; Life Sciences College, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,X. Zhou, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; H. Li, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; S. Guo, PhD, Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health; J. Wang, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University; C. Shi, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital; M. Espitia, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; X. Guo, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital; M. Liu, PhD, Life Sciences College, Hubei University; S. Assassi, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; J.D. Reveille, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; M.D. Mayes, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Shervin Assassi
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai; Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang; Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen; Life Sciences College, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,X. Zhou, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; H. Li, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; S. Guo, PhD, Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health; J. Wang, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University; C. Shi, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital; M. Espitia, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; X. Guo, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital; M. Liu, PhD, Life Sciences College, Hubei University; S. Assassi, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; J.D. Reveille, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; M.D. Mayes, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - John D Reveille
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai; Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang; Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen; Life Sciences College, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,X. Zhou, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; H. Li, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; S. Guo, PhD, Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health; J. Wang, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University; C. Shi, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital; M. Espitia, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; X. Guo, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital; M. Liu, PhD, Life Sciences College, Hubei University; S. Assassi, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; J.D. Reveille, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; M.D. Mayes, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
| | - Maureen D Mayes
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai; Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang; Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen; Life Sciences College, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,X. Zhou, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; H. Li, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; S. Guo, PhD, Human Genetics Center, Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health; J. Wang, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University; C. Shi, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Jiangxi People's Hospital; M. Espitia, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; X. Guo, BS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Peking University-Shenzhen Hospital; M. Liu, PhD, Life Sciences College, Hubei University; S. Assassi, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; J.D. Reveille, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School; M.D. Mayes, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School
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