Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Asymmetric Synthesis of Biologically Active New Lycopodium Alkaloids

Total Syntheses of Lycopodium and Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids Based on Biosynthesis-Inspired Strategies

The merits of biogenetic considerations in the chemical syntheses of natural products have been emphasized by describing the total syntheses of Lycopodium alkaloids; lycodine, flabellidine, lycopodine, and flabelliformine, as well as monoterpenoid indole alkaloids; C-mavacurine, kopsiyunnanine K, koumine, and 11-methoxy-19R-hydroxygelselegine.

Total syntheses of lyconadins A-C

The total synthesis of the Lycopodium alkaloid lyconadin A was accomplished and it was applied to the total syntheses of the related congeners, lyconadins B and C. Lyconadin A has attracted attention as a challenging target for total synthesis due to the unprecedented pentacyclic skeleton. Our synthesis of lyconadin A features a facile construction of the highly fused tetracyclic skeleton through a combination of an aza-Prins reaction and an electrocyclic ring opening, followed by formation of a C-N bond. Transformation of the bromoalkene moiety of the tetracycle to a key enone intermediate was extensively investigated, and three methods via sulfide, oxime, or azide intermediates were established. A pyridone ring was constructed from the key enone intermediate to complete the synthesis of lyconadin A. A dihydropyridone ring could also be formed from the same enone intermediate, leading to a synthesis of lyconadin B. Establishment of the conditions for an electrocyclic ring opening without formation of the C-N bond resulted in completion of the total synthesis of lyconadin C.