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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2019-2020. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21806. [PMID: 36468275 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2020. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review is basically divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of arrays. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other areas such as medicine, industrial processes and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. The reported work shows increasing use of incorporation of new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented nearly 40 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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Mori S, Nomura K, Fujikawa K, Osawa T, Shionyu M, Yoda T, Shirai T, Tsuda S, Yoshizawa-Kumagaye K, Masuda S, Nishio H, Yoshiya T, Suzuki S, Muramoto M, Nishiyama KI, Shimamoto K. Intermolecular Interactions between a Membrane Protein and a Glycolipid Essential for Membrane Protein Integration. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:609-618. [PMID: 35239308 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inducing newly synthesized proteins to appropriate locations is an indispensable biological function in every organism. Integration of proteins into biomembranes in Escherichia coli is mediated by proteinaceous factors, such as Sec translocons and an insertase YidC. Additionally, a glycolipid named MPIase (membrane protein integrase), composed of a long sugar chain and pyrophospholipid, was proven essential for membrane protein integration. We reported that a synthesized minimal unit of MPIase possessing only one trisaccharide, mini-MPIase-3, involves an essential structure for the integration activity. Here, to elucidate integration mechanisms using MPIase, we analyzed intermolecular interactions of MPIase or its synthetic analogs with a model substrate, the Pf3 coat protein, using physicochemical methods. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analyses revealed the importance of a pyrophosphate for affinity to the Pf3 coat protein. Compared with mini-MPIase-3, natural MPIase showed faster association and dissociation due to its long sugar chain despite the slight difference in affinity. To focus on more detailed MPIase substructures, we performed docking simulations and saturation transfer difference-nuclear magnetic resonance. These experiments yielded that the 6-O-acetyl group on glucosamine and the phosphate of MPIase play important roles leading to interactions with the Pf3 coat protein. The high affinity of MPIase to the hydrophobic region and the basic amino acid residues of the protein was suggested by docking simulations and proven experimentally by SPR using protein mutants devoid of target regions. These results demonstrated the direct interactions of MPIase with a substrate protein and revealed detailed mechanisms of membrane protein integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Mori
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nomura
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Kohki Fujikawa
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Tsukiho Osawa
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Masafumi Shionyu
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura-cho, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Takao Yoda
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura-cho, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shirai
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura-cho, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Shugo Tsuda
- Peptide Institute, Inc., 7-2-9 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshizawa-Kumagaye
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Peptide Institute, Inc., 7-2-9 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Shun Masuda
- Peptide Institute, Inc., 7-2-9 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Hideki Nishio
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Peptide Institute, Inc., 7-2-9 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Taku Yoshiya
- Peptide Institute, Inc., 7-2-9 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Sonomi Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Maki Muramoto
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Nishiyama
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Keiko Shimamoto
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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