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Xiong L, Li Y, Jung M, Forsythe C, Zhang S, McLeod AS, Dong Y, Liu S, Ruta FL, Li C, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Fogler MM, Edgar JH, Shvets G, Dean CR, Basov DN. Programmable Bloch polaritons in graphene. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [PMID: 33962941 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.5mkkwh74r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficient control of photons is enabled by hybridizing light with matter. The resulting light-matter quasi-particles can be readily programmed by manipulating either their photonic or matter constituents. Here, we hybridized infrared photons with graphene Dirac electrons to form surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and uncovered a previously unexplored means to control SPPs in structures with periodically modulated carrier density. In these periodic structures, common SPPs with continuous dispersion are transformed into Bloch polaritons with attendant discrete bands separated by bandgaps. We explored directional Bloch polaritons and steered their propagation by dialing the proper gate voltage. Fourier analysis of the near-field images corroborates that this on-demand nano-optics functionality is rooted in the polaritonic band structure. Our programmable polaritonic platform paves the way for the much-sought benefits of on-the-chip photonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yutao Li
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Minwoo Jung
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Carlos Forsythe
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Yinan Dong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Song Liu
- The Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Frank L Ruta
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Casey Li
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Michael M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - James H Edgar
- The Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Xiong L, Li Y, Jung M, Forsythe C, Zhang S, McLeod AS, Dong Y, Liu S, Ruta FL, Li C, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Fogler MM, Edgar JH, Shvets G, Dean CR, Basov DN. Programmable Bloch polaritons in graphene. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe8087. [PMID: 33962941 PMCID: PMC8104864 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe8087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Efficient control of photons is enabled by hybridizing light with matter. The resulting light-matter quasi-particles can be readily programmed by manipulating either their photonic or matter constituents. Here, we hybridized infrared photons with graphene Dirac electrons to form surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and uncovered a previously unexplored means to control SPPs in structures with periodically modulated carrier density. In these periodic structures, common SPPs with continuous dispersion are transformed into Bloch polaritons with attendant discrete bands separated by bandgaps. We explored directional Bloch polaritons and steered their propagation by dialing the proper gate voltage. Fourier analysis of the near-field images corroborates that this on-demand nano-optics functionality is rooted in the polaritonic band structure. Our programmable polaritonic platform paves the way for the much-sought benefits of on-the-chip photonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yutao Li
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Minwoo Jung
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Carlos Forsythe
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Yinan Dong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Song Liu
- The Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Frank L Ruta
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Casey Li
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Michael M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - James H Edgar
- The Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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