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Kriebel R, Drew BT, Drummond CP, González‐Gallegos JG, Celep F, Mahdjoub MM, Rose JP, Xiang C, Hu G, Walker JB, Lemmon EM, Lemmon AR, Sytsma KJ. Tracking temporal shifts in area, biomes, and pollinators in the radiation of Salvia (sages) across continents: leveraging anchored hybrid enrichment and targeted sequence data. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:573-597. [PMID: 30986330 PMCID: PMC6850103 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY A key question in evolutionary biology is why some clades are more successful by being widespread geographically, biome diverse, or species-rich. To extend understanding of how shifts in area, biomes, and pollinators impact diversification in plants, we examined the relationships of these shifts to diversification across the mega-genus Salvia. METHODS A chronogram was developed from a supermatrix of anchored hybrid enrichment genomic data and targeted sequence data for over 500 of the nearly 1000 Salvia species. Ancestral areas and biomes were reconstructed using BioGeoBEARS. Pollinator guilds were scored, ancestral pollinators determined, shifts in pollinator guilds identified, and rates of pollinator switches compared. KEY RESULTS A well-resolved phylogenetic backbone of Salvia and updated subgeneric designations are presented. Salvia originated in Southwest Asia in the Oligocene and subsequently dispersed worldwide. Biome shifts are frequent from a likely ancestral lineage utilizing broadleaf and/or coniferous forests and/or arid shrublands. None of the four species diversification shifts are correlated to shifts in biomes. Shifts in pollination system are not correlated to species diversification shifts, except for one hummingbird shift that precedes a major shift in diversification near the crown of New World subgen. Calosphace. Multiple reversals back to bee pollination occurred within this hummingbird clade. CONCLUSIONS Salvia diversified extensively in different continents, biomes, and with both bee and bird pollinators. The lack of tight correlation of area, biome, and most pollinator shifts to the four documented species diversification shifts points to other important drivers of speciation in Salvia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Kriebel
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Bryan T. Drew
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Nebraska at KearneyKearneyNE68849USA
| | - Chloe P. Drummond
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | | | - Ferhat Celep
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy mah. 269. cad. Urankent Prestij KonutlarıC16 Blok, No. 53DemetevlerAnkaraTurkey
| | - Mohamed M. Mahdjoub
- Research Laboratory of Ecology and EnvironmentDepartment of Environment Biological SciencesFaculty of Nature and Life SciencesUniversité de BejaiaTarga Ouzemmour06000BejaiaAlgeria
| | - Jeffrey P. Rose
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Chun‐Lei Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650201China
| | - Guo‐Xiong Hu
- College of Life SciencesGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025GuizhouChina
| | | | - Emily M. Lemmon
- Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFL32306USA
| | - Alan R. Lemmon
- Department of Scientific ComputingFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFL32306USA
| | - Kenneth J. Sytsma
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
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Kriebel R, Drew BT, Drummond CP, González-Gallegos JG, Celep F, Mahdjoub MM, Rose JP, Xiang CL, Hu GX, Walker JB, Lemmon EM, Lemmon AR, Sytsma KJ. Tracking temporal shifts in area, biomes, and pollinators in the radiation of Salvia (sages) across continents: leveraging anchored hybrid enrichment and targeted sequence data. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019. [PMID: 30986330 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8m40rb0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY A key question in evolutionary biology is why some clades are more successful by being widespread geographically, biome diverse, or species-rich. To extend understanding of how shifts in area, biomes, and pollinators impact diversification in plants, we examined the relationships of these shifts to diversification across the mega-genus Salvia. METHODS A chronogram was developed from a supermatrix of anchored hybrid enrichment genomic data and targeted sequence data for over 500 of the nearly 1000 Salvia species. Ancestral areas and biomes were reconstructed using BioGeoBEARS. Pollinator guilds were scored, ancestral pollinators determined, shifts in pollinator guilds identified, and rates of pollinator switches compared. KEY RESULTS A well-resolved phylogenetic backbone of Salvia and updated subgeneric designations are presented. Salvia originated in Southwest Asia in the Oligocene and subsequently dispersed worldwide. Biome shifts are frequent from a likely ancestral lineage utilizing broadleaf and/or coniferous forests and/or arid shrublands. None of the four species diversification shifts are correlated to shifts in biomes. Shifts in pollination system are not correlated to species diversification shifts, except for one hummingbird shift that precedes a major shift in diversification near the crown of New World subgen. Calosphace. Multiple reversals back to bee pollination occurred within this hummingbird clade. CONCLUSIONS Salvia diversified extensively in different continents, biomes, and with both bee and bird pollinators. The lack of tight correlation of area, biome, and most pollinator shifts to the four documented species diversification shifts points to other important drivers of speciation in Salvia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Kriebel
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Bryan T Drew
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849, USA
| | - Chloe P Drummond
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Ferhat Celep
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy mah. 269. cad. Urankent Prestij Konutları, C16 Blok, No. 53, Demetevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mohamed M Mahdjoub
- Research Laboratory of Ecology and Environment, Department of Environment Biological Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Université de Bejaia, Targa Ouzemmour, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Jeffrey P Rose
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Chun-Lei Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Guo-Xiong Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jay B Walker
- Union High School, 6636 S. Mingo Road, Tulsa, OK, 74133, USA
| | - Emily M Lemmon
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Alan R Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Kenneth J Sytsma
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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