Genetic analysis of early onset familial coronary artery diseases

Association of the ESR1 (rs9340799), OLR1 (rs3736234), LIPC (rs2070895), VDR (rs2228570), and CETP (rs708272) Polymorphisms With Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Iranian Patients

BACKGROUND

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a devastating illness and a leading cause of death worldwide, primarily caused by atherosclerosis resulting from a genetic-environmental interaction. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the ESR1 (rs9340799), OLR1 (rs3736234), LIPC (rs2070895), VDR (rs2228570), and CETP (rs708272) polymorphisms, lipid profile parameters, and CAD risk in a southeast Iranian population.

METHODS

A total of 400 subjects (200 CAD patients with hyperlipidemia and 200 healthy controls) were enrolled in this case-control study. Five selected polymorphisms were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique.

RESULTS

For all single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the population under study was in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The T-risk allele frequency of rs2228570 was associated with an increased risk of CAD. The TT and CT genotypes of rs2228570 had also been associated with the risk of CAD. Additionally, the TT genotype was associated with higher serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels. The GG genotype of the rs3736234 was associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and triglyceride (TG) levels, and the AA genotype of the rs708272 was associated with higher HDL-c levels. Based on these findings, we propose that the VDR (rs2228570) polymorphism was associated with serum HDL-c and LDL-c levels and may serve as potential risk factors for CAD within the Iranian population. Moreover, rs3736234 and rs708272 influence the concentrations of TG and HDL-c, respectively.

CONCLUSION

These findings provided insights into the complex interplay between genetic variations, cardiovascular risk, and lipid metabolism.

Comparison of the Effect of Heparinized Normal Saline Solution Versus Saline Solutions in Arterial and Central Venous Catheters on Complete Blood Count After Cardiac Surgery

Background

Heparinized and saline solutions can prevent clot formation in arterial and central venous catheters. However, heparin can decrease the platelet count and induce thrombocytopenia. Patients undergoing cardiac surgeries are more likely to develop heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the effect of heparinized and saline solutions of arterial and central venous catheters on complete blood count (CBC) after cardiac surgery.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 100 participants. All subjects underwent cardiac surgery at Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Tehran, Iran. Patients were randomly divided into two groups intervention (A) for whom heparinized normal saline solution was used to maintain central arterial and venous catheters, and control (B) for whom normal saline solution was used. The CBC of subjects was monitored for three days (before surgery and the first and second days after surgery).

Results

In the present study, there were no significant differences between CBC, white blood cell differential count, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and international normalized ratio in groups A and B. However, we found significant differences in platelet count (P = 0.049), red blood cell count (P = 0.0001), hemoglobin (P = 0.0001), and hematocrit (P = 0.0001) between before surgery and the second day after surgery in group A. Platelet count (P = 0.027) and PTT (P = 0.0001) before and after surgery were significantly different in group B.

Conclusions

According to the results of this study, normal saline solution catheters have fewer side effects and can be a suitable replacement for heparinized catheters.

Association of OLR1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Oxidized LDL receptor 1 (OLR1) encodes LOX-1, LOXIN, and OLR1D4 transcript variants. Up-regulation of LOX-1 and down-regulation of LOXIN have an essential role in causing coronary artery disease (CAD). Discovery of risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in OLR1 gene is clinically important as these polymorphisms could be candidate biomarkers of CAD.

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this study is quantitative evidence synthesis on how OLR1 polymorphisms in the haplotype block impact the risk of CAD.

METHODS

First, a systematic keyword-based search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus was conducted. After data extraction, pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for OLR1 polymorphisms and CAD. Twelve case-control studies, including 6,238 cases and 15,773 controls, were concluded in the meta-analysis.

RESULTS

Our findings demonstrate significant association of OLR1 polymorphisms in the haplotype block with CAD risk in all genetic models (allelic model: OR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.06-1.34; additive model: OR = 1.54, 95%CI = 1.16-2.05; recessive model: OR = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.04-1.53; dominant model: OR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.09-1.51). Subgroup analysis based on the type of polymorphism revealed that rs1050283 (3'UTR*188 C > T) and rs3736235 (IVS4-14 A > G) are more significantly associated with the risk of CAD compared to other polymorphisms in the haplotype block.

CONCLUSIONS

We found a significant association between OLR1 polymorphisms in the haplotype block, especially rs1050283 and rs3736235, with CAD. We also suggest that precise determination of disease association with polymorphisms in a haplotype requires investigation of all SNPs rather than a single SNP in that specific haplotype.