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Sudershan A, Sudershan S, Sharma I, Kumar H, Panjaliya RK, Kumar P. Role of TNF -α in the Pathogenesis of Migraine. Pain Res Manag 2024; 2024:1377143. [PMID: 38213956 PMCID: PMC10781531 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1377143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Background Neurogenic neuroinflammation has a wide role in migraine pathogenesis including the transition from episodic migraine to chronic one. The seed molecule of neurogenic neuroinflammation, i.e., the TNF-α proinflammatory molecule, has gathered a lot of attention. This pleiotropic cytokine is a classical component of inflammatory soup, secreted by the microglial cell, and promotes a wide range of inflammatory reactions. Aim In this review, we aimed to provide a culminating and comprehending glimpse into the TNF-α in association with the migraine. Method A systematic literature survey method with a mixture of keywords was utilized to grasp the different elements that represent the association between TNF-α and migraine. Discussion. Highlighted the probable involvement of the TNF-α with migraine, the complexity of the matter such as activation of NF-KB signaling cascade, autoactivation, sensitization, and increased likelihood of transition cannot be neglected. Being TNF-α as a core node, it becomes the factor for linking diseases such as chronic inflammatory disorders, including COVID-19, and also interaction with other genes to develop severe conditions. Conclusion To this end, TNF-α plays a critical role in chronification, and inhibiting its signaling would likely be a crucial strategy for migraine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Sudershan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Pratap College Srinagar, Cluster University Srinagar, Srinagar 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Srishty Sudershan
- Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Isha Sharma
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, Jammu & Kashmir, India
- Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Hardeep Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Super Specialty Hospital, Jammu 180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rakesh K. Panjaliya
- Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Parvinder Kumar
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, Jammu & Kashmir, India
- Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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Sudershan A, Sudershan S, Younis M, Bhagat M, Pushap AC, Kumar H, Kumar P. Enlightening the association between TNF-α -308 G > A and migraine: a meta-analysis with meta-regression and trial sequential analysis. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:159. [PMID: 37085790 PMCID: PMC10120225 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is a complex neurological disorder that is characterized by a "lower threshold of neuronal hyperexcitability" with distinctive periodicity and complex vascular dysfunction. Genetic factors have impacted incredibly on the susceptibility of migraine and one such example is the TNF-α 308G > A. AIM Therefore, we aim to provide a glimpse of the association of the TNF-α 308G > A risk on the susceptibility of migraine. METHOD The pooled odds ratio with the associated 95% of confidence interval were calculated using different genetic models. Heterogeneity was accessed by using Cochran's Q Test and I2 statistics and Begg's and Egger's tests were used for finding the publication bias, tests were two-sided, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Trial Sequential Analysis with Meta-regression Analysis were also utilized to find out the sample size requirement for meta-analysis to avoid type I error and source of heterogeneity respectively. RESULT A total of 13 studies with cases: 7193 and controls: 23,091 were included and after using different genetic models, no overall association with migraine and its clinical subtype migraine with aura was observed (Allele model "OR: 1.28, 95% C.I. [0.96-1.69] and OR: 0.99,95% C.I. [0.69-1.42]) respectively. Interestingly, after sub-grouping using the "ethnicity criteria" in the migraine group, it was observed that the allelic genetic model and the dominant model were found to be significantly associated with the Asian ethnic group (OR: 1.79, 95% C.I. [1.13-2.84], and OR: 1.85, 95% C.I. [1.0927; 3.1580]. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the present meta-analysis has provided evidence that 308G > A increases the risk of migraine only in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Sudershan
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, Jammu, India, 180006
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Pratap College, Cluster University of Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, Kashmir, India
| | - Srishty Sudershan
- Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, India, 180006
| | - Mohd Younis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, Jammu, India, 180006
| | - Meenakshi Bhagat
- Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, India, 180006
| | - Agar Chander Pushap
- Department of Education, Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha, Madras, India, 600017
| | - Hardeep Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Super Specialty Hospital, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, India, 180006
| | - Parvinder Kumar
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, Jammu, India, 180006.
- Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, India, 180006.
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Hamad N, Alzoubi KH, Swedan SF, Khabour OF, El-Salem K. Association between tumor necrosis factor alpha and lymphotoxin alpha gene polymorphisms and migraine occurrence among Jordanians. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:3625-3630. [PMID: 33433759 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory reactions in the body have been shown to contribute to migraine development. Therefore, genes involved in the inflammatory pathways might play a role in the susceptibility and development of migraine. In this study, polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and lymphotoxin alpha (LTA) genes were tested for association with migraine. A total of 398 participants (198 migraine patients and 200 controls) were recruited in the study. Serum TNF level was measured using a sandwich ELISA kit. Lymphocytes' and monocytes' counts were obtained from a differential complete blood count profile. Participants' DNA was extracted and genotyped for rs1800629 and rs1799724 in TNFα, and rs909253 in LTA. Controls had a significantly higher mean lymphocyte count (P = 0.018), while the mean monocyte count and serum TNFα levels did not differ between the two groups (P > 0.05). With respect to gene polymorphisms, the rs1800629 and rs1799724 variants showed significant association with migraine in all subjects, and in males and females when analyzed separately (P < 0.001). The rs909253 did not show any statistical difference in frequencies among the two groups (P > 0.05). Having the A allele in rs1800629 was associated with a higher risk of migraine in both male (OR, 95%; CI, G/A = 3.79 [1.87-7.69]; A/A = 14.22 [1.67-121.14]; P < 0.01) and female (OR, 95%; G/A = 2.54 [1.47-4.38]; A/A = 2.52 [1.12-5.69]; P < 0.001) subjects. In conclusion, rs1800629 and rs1799724 in TNFα showed significant association with migraine among the Jordanian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Hamad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Samer F Swedan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Khalid El-Salem
- Department of Neurosciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Chen M, Tang W, Hou L, Liu R, Dong Z, Han X, Zhang X, Wan D, Yu S. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) -308G>A, Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 (NOS3) +894G>T Polymorphisms and Migraine Risk: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129372. [PMID: 26098763 PMCID: PMC4476787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Conflicting data have been reported on the association between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) –308G>A and nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) +894G>T polymorphisms and migraine. We performed a meta-analysis of case-control studies to evaluate whether the TNF –308G>A and NOS3 +894G>T polymorphisms confer genetic susceptibility to migraine. Method We performed an updated meta-analysis for TNF –308G>A and a meta-analysis for NOS3 +894G>T based on studies published up to July 2014. We calculated study specific odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) assuming allele contrast, dominant model, recessive model, and co-dominant model as pooled effect estimates. Results Eleven studies in 6682 migraineurs and 22591 controls for TNF –308G>A and six studies in 1055 migraineurs and 877 controls for NOS3 +894G>T were included in the analysis. Neither indicated overall associations between gene polymorphisms and migraine risk. Subgroup analyses suggested that the “A” allele of the TNF –308G>A variant increases the risk of migraine among non-Caucasians (dominant model: pooled OR = 1.82; 95% CI 1.15 – 2.87). The risk of migraine with aura (MA) was increased among both Caucasians and non-Caucasians. Subgroup analyses suggested that the “T” allele of the NOS3 +894G>T variant increases the risk of migraine among non-Caucasians (co-dominant model: pooled OR = 2.10; 95% CI 1.14 – 3.88). Conclusions Our findings appear to support the hypothesis that the TNF –308G>A polymorphism may act as a genetic susceptibility factor for migraine among non-Caucasians and that the NOS3 +894G>T polymorphism may modulate the risk of migraine among non-Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, the First People’s Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruozhuo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Dong
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Han
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongjun Wan
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Lis K, Kuzawińska O, Bałkowiec-Iskra E. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors - state of knowledge. Arch Med Sci 2014; 10:1175-85. [PMID: 25624856 PMCID: PMC4296073 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2014.47827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is considered a major proinflammatory cytokine, affecting various aspects of the immune reaction. All five TNF inhibitors currently available on the market (i.e., etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab and golimumab) are top sellers, although indicated only in autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and psoriasis. This article briefly discusses the background and place for TNF inhibitors in modern therapy. The main safety aspects of TNF inhibitor administration are described in particular, with special consideration of the available meta-analyses. Finally, perspectives on the next-generation TNF inhibitors and their use in the clinic are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Lis
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Kuzawińska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bałkowiec-Iskra
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Fawzi MS, El-Shal AS, Rashad NM, Fathy HA. Influence of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene promoter polymorphisms and its serum level on migraine susceptibility in Egyptian patients. J Neurol Sci 2014; 348:74-80. [PMID: 25434717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is a common chronic neurological disorder with still largely unknown pathogenesis. We aimed to explore the possible role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) gene polymorphisms as risk factors of migraine, and whether they influence the TNF-α level. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred patients with migraine and 200 controls were enrolled in this study. Polymorphisms of TNF-α gene were detected using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Serum TNF-α level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS TNF-α-308 GA, AA genotypes and A allele, TNF-α-857 CT genotype and T allele were associated with increased risk of migraine, while the TNF-α-238 polymorphism was not. TNF-α-308 GA, AA genotypes and A allele or AA genotype were associated with increased risk of migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO) respectively; this was more significant in female patients with MA than in males. TNF-α-857 CT genotype was associated with increased risk of MO, or MA in females or males. While -857T allele was significantly associated with MO or MA in males and with MA only in females. On the other hand, we didn't find any significant associations of TNF-α-238 polymorphism with MO, or MA in males or females. TNF-α levels were higher in patients with migraine, MA, or MO than in controls (P<0.001). CONCLUSION TNF-α polymorphisms were associated with migraine, MA, or MO in Egyptians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Fawzi
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal S El-Shal
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Nearmeen M Rashad
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hala A Fathy
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Cessak G, Kuzawińska O, Burda A, Lis K, Wojnar M, Mirowska-Guzel D, Bałkowiec-Iskra E. TNF inhibitors – Mechanisms of action, approved and off-label indications. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:836-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Liu R, Ma M, Cui M, Dong Z, Wang X, Zhang W, Yang M, Yu S. Effects of tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β) 252A>G polymorphism on the development of migraine: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100189. [PMID: 24959879 PMCID: PMC4069061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Genetic factors including TNF-β have been considered as important components in the aetiology of migraine. Many studies have investigated the association between TNF-β 252A>G polymorphism and migraine risk, with debatable results. This study was designed to examine whether the TNF-β 252A>G polymorphism confers genetic susceptibility to migraine in diverse populations. Method Studies eligible for this meta-analysis were searched in the PubMed, Embase, and CNKI by using the keywords “tumor necrosis factor”, “TNF”, “252A>G”, “rs909253”, “polymorphism”, “polymorphisms”, “variant”, “SNP”, combined with “migraine” or “migraine with aura (MA)” or “migraine without aura (MO)”. Pooled ORs and 95% CI were appropriately calculated using the fixed-effect model. Results We finally included a total of seven studies, providing 5 557 migraineurs and 20 543 unrelated healthy controls. Meta-analysis results showed no statistical evidence of a significant association between TNF-β 252A>G polymorphism and overall migraine risk. Stratified analyses by type of migraine and gender revealed similar results. Interestingly, an OR with 95% CI representing an increased migraine risk was indicated in Asians under the recessive model (GG vs. AG + AA: OR, 1.38; 95%CI, 1.04–1.84; P for heterogeneity, 0.665). Conclusions Our findings appear to support the hypothesis that genetic variability of 252A>G polymorphism in TNF region may modulate risk of migraine in the population of Asian ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruozhuo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Ma
- Ministry of Resource Construction, Medical Library of the Chinese PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyu Cui
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Dong
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Torres-Espíndola LM, Velázquez-Cruz R, Falfán-Valencia R, Chavez-Pacheco JL, Salcedo-Vargas M, de Jesús Nambo-Lucio M, Salinas-Lara C, Alemón-Medina R, Granados-Montiel J, Reyes-Servín MA, Granados J, de Jesús Castillejos-López M. Genetic polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor promoter region and susceptibility to develop Hodgkin lymphoma in a Mexican population. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:1295-9. [PMID: 24033107 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.842982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a rare neoplasm of the lymphatic system, in which inflammation and allelic variants in cytokines have been proposed as etiological factors. Epstein-Barr virus infection is often associated as a risk factor in HL and since cytokines are involved in the humoral response to viral infection. Our aim was to study the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene (- 376G> A, - 238G> A and 581G> A) in a sample of Mexican patients (56 cases) and their susceptibility to develop HL, comparing these SNPs among healthy individuals (127 controls). Frequencies for TNF - 238G> A and TNF 581G> A showed no significant differences between cases and controls. However, the proportion of cases with the GA genotype of - 376 SNP showed a significant difference as compared to controls, odds ratio = 4.41 (95% confidence interval: 1.21-16.6), p = 0.02. We found that in this group of patients from Mexico the SNP - 376G> A in TNF shows an association with higher risk for HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz María Torres-Espíndola
- PhD Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico , Mexico City , Mexico
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Schürks M, Rist PM, Zee RY, Chasman DI, Kurth T. Tumour necrosis factor gene polymorphisms and migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cephalalgia 2012; 31:1381-404. [PMID: 22001640 DOI: 10.1177/0333102411419022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the association between TNFα and TNFβ gene polymorphisms and migraine are conflicting. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published until January 2011. We used data from published papers and as provided after contact with the authors. We calculated study specific odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) assuming additive, dominant, and recessive genetic models as well as pooled effect estimates. RESULTS Among the ten studies identified, the best evidence is available for the TNFα -308G>A and TNFβ 252A > G polymorphisms indicating no overall association with migraine. Subgroup analyses suggested that the A allele of the TNFα -308G > A variant more than doubles the risk for migraine among populations with a heterogeneous ethnic background, which was driven by associations for migraine without aura (additive model: pooled OR = 2.87, 95% CI 1.86-4.43). Further, the risk for migraine with aura was increased among Asian populations (additive model: pooled OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.07-2.71). Both observed effects were stronger among females than males. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate no overall association between TNFα and TNFβ gene variants and migraine. However, associations differed among specific populations. Our findings need to be treated with caution and further targeted research is warranted to evaluate population-specific effects including population stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schürks
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, 3rd f, Boston, MA 02215-1204, USA.
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Hosseinzadeh M, Khosravi A, Saki K, Ranjbar R. Evaluation of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with common migraine headache. Arch Med Sci 2011; 7:844-9. [PMID: 22291830 PMCID: PMC3258796 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2011.25560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Migraine can cause headache in different communities so that 12-15% are suffering worldwide. Recently the relationship between infectious diseases such as Helicobacter pylori infection and migraine headache has been the focus of many studies. The current study was designed to evaluate IgG and IgM antibodies to H. pylori in patients suffering from migraine headaches. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients who had diagnostic criteria for migraine were chosen as cases compared to some healthy individuals as the control group amongst which immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), age, job, gastro-intestinal (GI) disorders, history of migraine, special meals, medications, sleeping disorders, stress, environmental factors etc were analysed. RESULTS The prevalence of disease was 38.6%. Household women had the highest prevalence (40%). Among them menstruation was related to high prevalence of migraine. 75.6% of patients had gastrointestinal disorders of which the gastric reflux was the most important sign (47.1%). The mean optical density (OD) value of IgG and IgM antibody to H. pylori was 60.08 ±7.7 and 32.1 ±8.7 for the case group, 21.82 ±6.2 and 17.6 ±9.4 for the control group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant difference in mean OD value of both antibodies to H. pylori amongst the case and control groups. As a result, active H. pylori infection is strongly related to the outbreak and severity of migraine headaches, and H. pylori treatment reduces migraine headaches significantly. Hopefully, the definite treatment and eradication of this infection can cure or reduce the severity and course of migraine headaches significantly if not totally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Afra Khosravi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Kourosh Saki
- Department of Psychology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqhiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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