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Kayacan Y, Tutkun E, Arslan G, Ayyildiz M, Agar E. The effects of treadmill exercise on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:935-940. [PMID: 27695482 PMCID: PMC5016582 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.61907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of short-, moderate- and long-duration treadmill exercise (15, 30 and 60 min) on the mean frequency and amplitude of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 32 rats were assigned to 15, 30, and 60 min running exercise groups and the control group, each consisting of 8 rats. According to the specified protocol, the rats were submitted to running exercises at the same hour of each day for 90 days. After the exercise program, the rats were administered (500 IU/2.5 µl) of penicillin into the left cortex by the microinjection method. An electrocorticogram (ECoG) recording was performed for 3 h using a data acquisition system. The frequency and the amplitude of the recordings were analyzed. RESULTS Short-duration treadmill exercise (15 min) caused a decrease in the frequency of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity at 70 min after penicillin injection (p < 0.001). The mean frequency of epileptiform activity decreased at 90 min after penicillin injection in the 30 and 60 min treadmill exercise groups (p < 0.01). The mean amplitude of epileptiform activity was not changed in any of the exercise groups compared to the control (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrate for the first time that short-, moderate- and long-duration treadmill exercises decreased the frequency of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. These findings may contribute to improving the quality of life in epileptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yildirim Kayacan
- Faculty of Yasar Dogu Sports Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Erkut Tutkun
- Faculty of Yasar Dogu Sports Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Arslan
- Department of Physiology of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ayyildiz
- Department of Physiology of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Erdal Agar
- Department of Physiology of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Camilo GB, Guimarães FS, Mogami R, Faria ACD, Melo PL, Lopes AJ. Functional changes are associated with tracheal structural abnormalities in patients with acromegaly. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:78-88. [PMID: 26925121 PMCID: PMC4754368 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.57582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although impaired pulmonary function and respiratory sleep disorders are described as responsible for increased mortality in acromegalic patients, little is known about the tracheal abnormalities in this group of patients. Thus, the objectives of this study were to describe the tracheal structural abnormalities and correlate these changes with the respiratory function and clinical data of acromegalic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study that was carried out at two university hospitals. Twenty acromegalic patients underwent spirometry, forced oscillation technique, and computed tomography (CT) assessments. Dyspnea and daytime sleepiness were assessed using the Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) scale and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), respectively. Forty matched subjects served as controls. RESULTS The acromegalic patients exhibited larger median ratios between forced expiratory flow and forced inspiratory flow at 50% of the forced vital capacity (FEF50%/FIF50%) (2.05 vs. 1.06, p = 0.0001) compared with healthy volunteers. In the CT analysis, acromegalic patients exhibited larger median differences between their cervical and thoracic tracheal diameters (Δ tracheal diameters) (3 vs. 1 mm; p = 0.003). An association was found between FEF50%/FIF50% and the following variables: mean resistance (Rm), cervical tracheal diameter, and Δ tracheal diameters. Rm also exhibited a negative correlation with cervical tracheal diameter. Neither the MMRC scale nor the ESS exhibited any significant correlation with large airway obstruction (LAO) indices or with the measured tracheal diameters. CONCLUSIONS Acromegalic patients have tracheal structural abnormalities which are associated with functional indicators of LAO but not with clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Bittencourt Camilo
- Post-graduate Program in Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Radiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Silva Guimarães
- Rehabilitation Sciences Post-graduate Program, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Mogami
- Post-graduate Program in Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Radiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Camilo Dias Faria
- Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory, Institute of Biology and Faculty of Engineering, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Lopes Melo
- Post-graduate Program in Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory, Institute of Biology and Faculty of Engineering, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology (FISCLINEX), School of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Agnaldo José Lopes
- Post-graduate Program in Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rehabilitation Sciences Post-graduate Program, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Szpinda M, Baumgart M, Szpinda A, Woźniak A, Mila-Kierzenkowska C. Cross-sectional study of C1-S5 vertebral bodies in human fetuses. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:174-89. [PMID: 25861306 PMCID: PMC4379359 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2013.37086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Knowledge on the normative spinal growth is relevant in the prenatal detection of its abnormalities. The present study determines the height, transverse and sagittal diameters, cross sectional area, and volume of individual C1-S5 vertebral bodies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the methods of computed tomography (CT), digital image analysis, and statistics, the size of C1-S5 vertebral bodies in 55 spontaneously aborted human fetuses aged 17-30 weeks was examined. RESULTS All the 5 examined parameters changed significantly with gestational age (p < 0.01). The mean height of vertebral bodies revealed an increase from the atlas (2.39 ±0.54 mm) to L2 (4.62 ±0.97 mm), stabilized through L3-L4 (4.58 ±0.92 mm, 4.61 ±0.84 mm), and then was decreasing to S5 (0.43 ±1.06 mm). The mean transverse diameter of vertebral bodies was increasing from the atlas (1.20 ±1.96 mm) to L1 (6.24 ±1.46 mm), so as to stabilize through L2-L3 (6.12 ±1.65, 6.12 ±1.61 mm), and finally was decreasing to S5 (0.26 ±0.96 mm). There was an increase in sagittal diameter of vertebral bodies from the atlas (0.82 ±1.34 mm) to T7 (4.76 ±0.85 mm), its stabilization for T8-L4 (4.73 ±0.86 mm, 4.71 ±1.02 mm), and then a decrease in values to S5 (0.21 ±0.75 mm) was observed. The values for cross-sectional area of vertebral bodies were increasing from the atlas (2.95 ±5.25 mm(2)) to L3 (24.92 ±11.07 mm(2)), and then started decreasing to S5 (0.48 ±2.09 mm(2)). The volumetric growth of vertebral bodies was increasing from the atlas (8.60 ±16.40 mm(3)) to L3 (122.16 ±74.73 mm(3)), and then was decreasing to S5 (1.60 ±7.00 mm(3)). CONCLUSIONS There is a sharp increase in size of fetal vertebral bodies between the atlas and the axis, and a sharp decrease in size within the sacral spine. In human fetuses the vertebral body growth is characterized by maximum values in sagittal diameter for T7, in transverse diameter for L1, in height for L2, and in both cross-sectional area and volume for L3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Szpinda
- Department of Normal Anatomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Baumgart
- Department of Normal Anatomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Szpinda
- Department of Normal Anatomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska
- Department of Medical Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Daroszewski M, Szpinda M, Flisiński P, Szpinda A, Woźniak A, Kosiński A, Grzybiak M, Mila-Kierzenkowska C. Tracheo-bronchial angles in the human fetus -- an anatomical, digital, and statistical study. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2013; 19:194-200. [PMID: 23857411 PMCID: PMC3724572 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.889085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both the advancement of visual techniques and intensive progress in perinatal medicine result in performing airway management in the fetus and neonate affected by life-threatening malformations. This study aimed to examine the 3 tracheo-bronchial angles, including the right and left bronchial angles, and the interbronchial angle, in the fetus at various gestational ages. Material/Methods Using methods of anatomical dissection, digital image analysis with an adequate program (NIS-Elements BR 3.0, Nikon), and statistics, values of the two bronchial angles and their sum as the interbronchial angle were semi-automatically measured in 73 human fetuses at the age of 14–25 weeks, derived from spontaneous abortions and stillbirths. Results No male-female differences between the parameters studied were found. The 3 fetal tracheo-bronchial angles were found to be independent of age. The right bronchial angle ranged from 11.4° to 41.8°, and averaged 26.9±7.0° for the whole analyzed sample. The values of left bronchial angle varied from 24.8° to 64.8°, with the overall mean of 46.2±8.0°. As a consequence, the interbronchial angle totalled 36.2–96.6°, and averaged 73.1±12.7°. Conclusions The tracheo-bronchial angles change independently of sex and fetal age. The left bronchial angle is wider than the right one. Values of the 3 tracheo-bronchial angles are unpredictable since their regression curves of best fit with relation to fetal age cannot be modelled. Both of the 2 bronchial angles and the interbronchial angle are of great relevance in the location of inhaled foreign bodies, and in the diagnosis cardiac diseases and mediastinal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Daroszewski
- Department of Normal Anatomy, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, The Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Szpinda M, Baumgart M, Szpinda A, Woźniak A, Mila-Kierzenkowska C. New patterns of the growing L3 vertebra and its 3 ossification centers in human fetuses - a CT, digital, and statistical study. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2013; 19:169-80. [PMID: 23778313 PMCID: PMC3692385 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.883956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study describes reference data for L3 vertebra and its 3 ossification centers at varying gestational ages. Material/Methods Using CT, digital-image analysis and statistics, the growth of L3 vertebra and its 3 ossification centers in 55 spontaneously aborted human fetuses aged 17–30 weeks was examined. Results Neither sex nor right-left significant differences were found. The height and transverse and sagittal diameters of the L3 vertebral body increased logarithmically. Its cross-sectional area followed linearly, whereas its volume increased parabolically. The transverse and sagittal diameters of the ossification center of the L3 vertebral body varied logarithmically, but its cross-sectional area and volume grew linearly. The ossification center-to-vertebral body volume ratio gradually declined with age. The neural ossification centers increased logarithmically in length and width, and proportionately in cross-sectional area and volume. Conclusions With no sex differences, the growth dynamics of the L3 vertebral body follow logarithmically in height, sagittal and transverse diameters, linearly (in cross-sectional area), and parabolically (in volume). The growth dynamics of the 3 ossification centers of the L3 vertebra follow logarithmically in transverse and sagittal diameters, and linearly (in cross-sectional area and volume). The age-specific reference intervals of the L3 vertebra and its 3 ossification centers present the normative values of clinical importance in the diagnosis of congenital spinal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Szpinda
- Department of Normal Anatomy, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Szpinda M, Daroszewski M, Woźniak A, Szpinda A, Flisiński P, Dombek M, Mila-Kierzenkowska C, Siedlaczek W. Novel patterns for the growing main bronchi in the human fetus: an anatomical, digital and statistical study. Surg Radiol Anat 2013; 36:55-65. [PMID: 23778946 PMCID: PMC3890071 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-013-1145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Intensive progress in prenatal medicine results in performing airway management in the fetus affected by life-threatening congenital malformations. This study aimed to examine age-specific reference intervals and growth dynamics for length, proximal and distal external transverse diameters, and projection surface areas of the two main bronchi at varying gestational ages, including their relative growth in length and projection surface area. Materials and methods Using anatomical dissection, digital image analysis and statistics, length, proximal and distal external transverse diameters, and projection surface areas of the right and left main bronchi were examined in 73 human fetuses (39 males, 34 females) aged 14–25 weeks, derived from spontaneous abortions and stillbirths. Results Statistical analysis showed no sex differences. Between the 14 and 25th week of gestation, the lengths of the right and left main bronchi increased from 1.43 ± 0.18 to 3.18 ± 0.39 mm, and from 2.97 ± 0.16 to 7.58 ± 1.95 mm, in accordance with the functions: \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ y = - 4.850 + 2.452 x \; \text{ln}\left( {\text{Age}} \right) \pm 0.400\;{\text{and}}\;y = - 15.005 + 7.093x \; \text{ln} \left( {\text{Age}} \right) \pm 0.579 $$\end{document}y=−4.850+2.452xln(Age)±0.400andy=−15.005+7.093xln(Age)±0.579, respectively. The proximal external transverse diameters of the right and left main bronchi varied from 2.13 ± 0.41 to 4.24 ± 0.20 mm, and from 1.84 ± 0.06 to 3.67 ± 0.66 mm, following the logarithmic models: \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ y = - 8.666 + 4.018x \; \text{ln}{\rm (Age)} \pm 0.367\;{\text{and}}\;y = - 6.938 + 3.305x{\text{ ln(Age) }} \pm 0.323 $$\end{document}y=−8.666+4.018xln(Age)±0.367andy=−6.938+3.305xln(Age)±0.323, respectively. The distal external transverse diameter rose from 2.09 ± 0.47 to 4.24 ± 0.20 mm, as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ y = - 8.723 + 4.021x{\text{ ln(Age)}} \pm 0.392 $$\end{document}y=−8.723+4.021xln(Age)±0.392 for the right main bronchus, and from 1.85 ± 0.04 to 3.67 ± 0.66 mm, like \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ y = - 6.924 + 3.280x{\text{ ln(Age)}} \pm 0.348 $$\end{document}y=−6.924+3.280xln(Age)±0.348 for the left one. On either side, there were no statistically significant differences between values of the proximal and distal transverse diameters of the main bronchus. The projection surface areas of the right and left main bronchi ranged from 2.95 ± 0.19 to 13.34 ± 2.12 mm2, and from 5.57 ± 0.21 to 28.52 ± 5.24 mm2, as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ y = - 10.212 + 0.943x{\text{ Age}} \pm 1.739 $$\end{document}y=−10.212+0.943xAge±1.739 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ y = - 19.119 + 1.875x{\text{ Age}} \pm 3.054 $$\end{document}y=−19.119+1.875xAge±3.054. The two main bronchi revealed a proportionate increase in both length and projection surface area, since the right-to-left bronchial length ratio and the right-to-left bronchial projection surface area ratio were stable, 0.41 ± 0.07 and 0.47 ± 0.08, respectively, throughout the analyzed period. Conclusions The main bronchi show no sex differences. The right and left main bronchi grow logarithmically in length and external transverse diameter, and linearly in projection surface area. The right and left main bronchi evolve proportionately, with the right-to-left bronchial ratios of 0.41 ± 0.07 for length, and 0.47 ± 0.08 for projection surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Szpinda
- Department of Normal Anatomy, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, The Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24 Street, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland,
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