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Shao X, Yan Z, Wang D, Yang Y, Ding Y, Luo E, Jing D, Cai J. Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Ameliorate Skeletal Deterioration in Bone Mass, Microarchitecture, and Strength by Enhancing Canonical Wnt Signaling-Mediated Bone Formation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:765-776. [PMID: 33108939 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to extensive bone loss and high incidence of low-energy fractures. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) treatment, as a non-invasive biophysical technique, has proven to be efficient in promoting osteogenesis. The potential osteoprotective effect and mechanism of PEMF on SCI-related bone deterioration, however, remain unknown. The spinal cord of rats was transected at vertebral level T12 to induce SCI. Thirty rats were assigned to the control, SCI, and SCI+PEMF groups (n = 10). One week after surgery, the SCI+PEMF rats were subjected to PEMF (2.0 mT, 15 Hz, 2 h/day) for eight weeks. Micro-computed tomography results showed that PEMF significantly ameliorated trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture deterioration induced by SCI. Three-point bending and nanoindentation assays revealed that PEMF significantly improved bone mechanical properties in SCI rats. Serum biomarker and bone histomorphometric analyses demonstrated that PEMF enhanced bone formation, as evidenced by significant increase in serum osteocalcin and P1NP, mineral apposition rate, and osteoblast number on bone surface. The PEMF had no impact, however, on serum bone-resorbing cytokines (TRACP 5b and CTX-1) or osteoclast number on bone surface. The PEMF also attenuated SCI-induced negative changes in osteocyte morphology and osteocyte survival. Moreover, PEMF significantly increased skeletal expression of canonical Wnt ligands (Wnt1 and Wnt10b) and stimulated their downstream p-GSK3β and β-catenin expression in SCI rats. This study demonstrates that PEMF can mitigate the detrimental consequence of SCI on bone quantity/quality, which might be associated with canonical Wnt signaling-mediated bone formation, and reveals that PEMF may be a promising biophysical approach for resisting osteopenia/osteoporosis after SCI in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zedong Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanjun Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erping Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Da Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
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Medalha CC, Santos ALYS, Veronez SDO, Fernandes KR, Magri AMP, Renno ACM. Low level laser therapy accelerates bone healing in spinal cord injured rats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 159:179-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Schwarz A, Pick C, Harrach R, Stein G, Bendella H, Ozsoy O, Ozsoy U, Schoenau E, Jaminet P, Sarikcioglu L, Dunlop S, Angelov D. Reactions of the rat musculoskeletal system to compressive spinal cord injury (SCI) and whole body vibration (WBV) therapy. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2015; 15:123-36. [PMID: 26032204 PMCID: PMC5133715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes a loss of locomotor function with associated compromise of the musculo-skeletal system. Whole body vibration (WBV) is a potential therapy following SCI, but little is known about its effects on the musculo-skeletal system. Here, we examined locomotor recovery and the musculo-skeletal system after thoracic (T7-9) compression SCI in adult rats. Daily WBV was started at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after injury (WBV1-WBV28 respectively) and continued over a 12-week post-injury period. Intact rats, rats with SCI but no WBV (sham-treated) and a group that received passive flexion and extension (PFE) of their hind limbs served as controls. Compared to sham-treated rats, neither WBV nor PFE improved motor function. Only WBV14 and PFE improved body support. In line with earlier studies we failed to detect signs of soleus muscle atrophy (weight, cross sectional diameter, total amount of fibers, mean fiber diameter) or bone loss in the femur (length, weight, bone mineral density). One possible explanation is that, despite of injury extent, the preservation of some axons in the white matter, in combination with quadripedal locomotion, may provide sufficient trophic and neuronal support for the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Schwarz
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - C. Pick
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - R. Harrach
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - G. Stein
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - H. Bendella
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Merheim, University of Witten-Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| | - O. Ozsoy
- Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University of Antalya, Turkey
| | - U. Ozsoy
- Department of Anatomy, Akdeniz University of Antalya, Turkey
| | - E. Schoenau
- Children’s Hospital, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - P. Jaminet
- Department of Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery with Burn Unit, BG-Trauma Centre, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - L. Sarikcioglu
- Department of Anatomy, Akdeniz University of Antalya, Turkey
| | - S. Dunlop
- School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - D.N. Angelov
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Germany,Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Doychin N. Angelov, M.D., Ph.D., Institut 1 für Anatomie der Universität zu Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9, D-50924 Köln, Germany E-mail:
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