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Zou X, Zhang X, Han S, Wei L, Zheng Z, Wang Y, Xin J, Zhang S. Pathogenesis and therapeutic implications of matrix metalloproteinases in intervertebral disc degeneration: A comprehensive review. Biochimie 2023; 214:27-48. [PMID: 37268183 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is a common disorder that affects the spine and is a major cause of lower back pain (LBP). The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the structural foundation of the biomechanical properties of IVD, and its degradation is the main pathological characteristic of IDD. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of endopeptidases that play an important role in the degradation and remodeling of the ECM. Several recent studies have shown that the expression and activity of many MMP subgroups are significantly upregulated in degenerated IVD tissue. This upregulation of MMPs results in an imbalance of ECM anabolism and catabolism, leading to the degradation of the ECM and the development of IDD. Therefore, the regulation of MMP expression is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of IDD. Recent research has focused on identifying the mechanisms by which MMPs cause ECM degradation and promote IDD, as well as on developing therapies that target MMPs. In summary, MMP dysregulation is a crucial factor in the development of IDD, and a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved is needed to develop effective biological therapies that target MMPs to treat IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Zou
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xingmin Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jingguo Xin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shaokun Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Banik K, Khatoon E, Hegde M, Thakur KK, Puppala ER, Naidu VGM, Kunnumakkara AB. A novel bioavailable curcumin-galactomannan complex modulates the genes responsible for the development of chronic diseases in mice: A RNA sequence analysis. Life Sci 2021; 287:120074. [PMID: 34687757 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic diseases or non-communicable diseases are a major burden worldwide due to the lack of highly efficacious treatment modalities and the serious side effects associated with the available therapies. PURPOSE/STUDY DESIGN A novel self-emulsifying formulation of curcumin with fenugreek galactomannan hydrogel scaffold as a water-dispersible non-covalent curcumin-galactomannan molecular complex (curcumagalactomannosides, CGM) has shown better bioavailability than curcumin and can be used for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. However, the exact potential of this formulation has not been studied, which would pave the way for its use for the prevention and treatment of multiple chronic diseases. METHODS The whole transcriptome analysis (RNAseq) was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the liver tissues of mice treated with LPS to investigate the potential of CGM on the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Expression analysis using DESeq2 package, GO, and pathway analysis of the differentially expressed transcripts was performed using UniProtKB and KEGG-KAAS server. RESULTS The results showed that 559 genes differentially expressed between the liver tissue of control mice and CGM treated mice (100 mg/kg b.wt. for 14 days), with adjusted p-value below 0.05, of which 318 genes were significantly upregulated and 241 were downregulated. Further analysis showed that 33 genes which were upregulated (log2FC > 8) in the disease conditions were significantly downregulated, and 32 genes which were downregulated (log2FC < -8) in the disease conditions were significantly upregulated after the treatment with CGM. CONCLUSION Overall, our study showed CGM has high potential in the prevention and treatment of multiple chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India; DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Elina Khatoon
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India; DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India; DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Thakur
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India; DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Eswara Rao Puppala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educational Research (NIPER) Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educational Research (NIPER) Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India; DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India.
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Zhou Z, Wang Y, Liu H, Wang L, Liu Z, Yuan H, Liu L, Guo M, Wang D. PBN protects NP cells from AAPH-induced degenerative changes by inhibiting the ERK1/2 pathway. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:359-368. [PMID: 32183547 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1743697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is one of the main causes for spinal degenerative diseases, such as disk herniation, spinal canal stenosis, and spinal deformities. Growing evidence has highlighted the contribution of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of IDD, and antioxidant treatment is thus considered to be a promising therapeutic strategy for IDD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN), a free radical scavenger, could attenuate the pathological changes of IDD by alleviating oxidative stress.Materials and Methods: Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were isolated from rabbit lumbar disks. MTT assay, real-time PCR and western blotting were employed to evaluate the effects of PBN on oxidative damages induced by 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) in NP cells.Results: AAPH induced oxidative stress and the subsequent degenerative changes in NP cells via the ERK/MAPK pathway. On the contrary, the oxidative stress induced by AAPH was significantly ameliorated by PBN. Moreover, PBN also attenuated AAPH-induced expression of matrix degradation proteases and apoptosis. PBN suppresses AAPH-induced activation of ERK/MAPK pathway, which may be the underlying mechanism for the protective effects of PBN.Conclusions: Our study for the first time identified a novel role and mechanism for PBN in protecting the IVD against oxidative stress, matrix catabolism and apoptosis, which may have implications for its further application in combating IVD degenerative diseases.Abbreviations: AAPH: 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropanimidamidine) dihydrochloride; ADAMTS: a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs; AF: annulus fibrosus; CEP: cartilage endplate; DCF: 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein; IDD: intervertebral disc degeneration; IVD: intervertebral disc; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; MTT: methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium; NP: nucleus pulposus; PBN: N-tert-butyl-alfa-phenylnitrone; PGs: proteoglycans; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenggang Zhou
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yini Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haifei Liu
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Department of Spine Surgery Center, The 3rd Clinical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zonghan Liu
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimei Yuan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Department of Spine Surgery Center, The 3rd Clinical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Mingbo Guo
- Department of Osteology, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Dechun Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Department of Spine Surgery Center, The 3rd Clinical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Kirnaz S, Capadona C, Lintz M, Kim B, Yerden R, Goldberg JL, Medary B, Sommer F, McGrath LB, Bonassar LJ, Härtl R. Pathomechanism and Biomechanics of Degenerative Disc Disease: Features of Healthy and Degenerated Discs. Int J Spine Surg 2021; 15:10-25. [PMID: 34376493 DOI: 10.14444/8052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human intervertebral disc (IVD) is a complex organ composed of fibrous and cartilaginous connective tissues, and it serves as a boundary between 2 adjacent vertebrae. It provides a limited range of motion in the torso as well as stability during axial compression, rotation, and bending. Adult IVDs have poor innate healing potential due to low vascularity and cellularity. Degenerative disc disease (DDD) generally arises from the disruption of the homeostasis maintained by the structures of the IVD, and genetic and environmental factors can accelerate the progression of the disease. Impaired cell metabolism due to pH alteration and poor nutrition may lead to autophagy and disruption of the homeostasis within the IVD and thus plays a key role in DDD etiology. To develop regenerative therapies for degenerated discs, future studies must aim to restore both anatomical and biomechanical properties of the IVDs. The objective of this review is to give a detailed overview about anatomical, radiological, and biomechanical features of the IVDs as well as discuss the structural and functional changes that occur during the degeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sertac Kirnaz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Charisse Capadona
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Marianne Lintz
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Byumsu Kim
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Rachel Yerden
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jacob L Goldberg
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Branden Medary
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Fabian Sommer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Lynn B McGrath
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Roger Härtl
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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J V, Mishra D, Meher D, Dash S, Besra K, Pattnaik N, Singh SP, Dixit M. Genetic association of MMP14 promoter variants and their functional significance in gallbladder cancer pathogenesis. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:947-956. [PMID: 33727629 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00917-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is relatively rare but shows high frequency in certain geographical regions and ethnic groups, which include Northern and Eastern states of India. Previous studies in India have indicated the possible role of genetic predisposition in GBC pathogenesis. Although matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP14) is known modulator of tumour microenvironment and tumorigenesis and TCGA data also suggests its upregulation yet, its role in genetic predisposition for GBC is completely unknown. We explored MMP14 promoter genetic variants as risk factors and their implication in expression modulation and the pathogenesis of GBC. We genotyped all single nucleotide polymorphisms of MMP14 promoter by Sanger's sequencing in approximately 300 GBC and 300 control study subjects of Indian ethnicity and, in 26 GBC tissue samples. Protein expression of MMP14 in GBC tissue samples was checked by immunohistochemistry. In vitro luciferase reporter assay was carried out to elucidate role of promoter genetic variants on expression levels in two different cell lines. MMP14 promoter variants, rs1003349 (p value = 0.0008) and rs1004030 (p value = 0.0001) were significantly associated with GBC. Luciferase reporter assay showed high expression for risk alleles of both the SNPs. Genotype-phenotype correlation for rs1003349 and rs1004030, in patient sample, confirmed that risk allele carriers had higher expression levels of MMP14; moreover, the correlation pattern matched with genetic association models. Overall, this study unravels the association of MMP14 promoter SNPs with GBC which contribute to pathogenesis by increasing its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay J
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Debakanta Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sriram Chandra Bhanja Medical College & Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Dinesh Meher
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sriram Chandra Bhanja Medical College & Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Sashibhusan Dash
- Department of Pathology, Acharya Harihar Post Graduate Institute of Cancer, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Kusumbati Besra
- Department of Pathology, Acharya Harihar Post Graduate Institute of Cancer, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | | | - Shivaram Prasad Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sriram Chandra Bhanja Medical College & Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Manjusha Dixit
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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Zhou X, Hong Y, Zhan Y. Karacoline, identified by network pharmacology, reduces degradation of the extracellular matrix in intervertebral disc degeneration via the NF-κB signaling pathway. J Pharm Anal 2019; 10:13-22. [PMID: 32123596 PMCID: PMC7037626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Karacoline is a compound found in the plant Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. Although Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb is widely used for the treatment of pain, very few studies have been carried out on the use of karacoline due to its potential toxicity. In this study, we selected key matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), collagen II, and aggrecan as targets due to their association with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Using these targets, we then used network pharmacology to predict a series of molecules that might exert therapeutic effects on IDD. Of these molecules, karacoline was predicted to have the best effect. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is known to promote the degeneration of the extracellular matrix in IDD. We therefore applied different concentrations of karacoline (0, 1.25, or 12.88 μM) along with 100 ng/mL TNF-α to rat nucleus pulposus cells and found that karacoline reduced the expression of MMP-14 in IDD by inhibiting the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway, while collagen II and aggrecan expression was increased. This suggested that extracellular matrix degradation was inhibited by karacoline (P < 0.05). Our data therefore reveal a new clinical application of karacoline and provide support for the use of network pharmacology in predicting novel drugs. The first study to demonstrate that karacoline can delay IDD by inhibiting extracellular matrix degradation. The study explores the possibility of using network pharmacology to predict new therapeutic drugs for some diseases. This study can lay the basic of using network pharmacology to construct a Chinese herbal compound for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yingying Hong
- Department of Biology, School of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yulin Zhan
- Orthopedics Department, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine&Health Science, Shanghai, 201306, China
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Qi Y, Wang J, Sun M, Ma C, Jin T, Liu Y, Cao Y, Wang J. MMP-14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms are related to steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in the population of northern China. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 7:e00519. [PMID: 30548828 PMCID: PMC6393650 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a refractory disease which frequently occurs in young and middle‐aged people. Recent studies indicated that MMP‐14 played an important role in the development of chondrocytes, metabolism of osteoblasts as well as fate decision of hypertrophic chondrocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms of MMP‐14 and steroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in the Chinese population. Methods We selected 7 SNPs (rs3751488, rs1003349, rs1042703, rs2236302, rs1042704, rs2236303, and rs2236304) on gene MMP‐14. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the chi‐squared test, genetic model analysis, haplotype analysis, and stratification analysis. Results We discovered that the genotype “G/G” of rs2236302 was associated with ONFH risk in the MMP‐14 in the codominant model (OR = 8.62, 95% CI = 1.07–69.46, p = 0.038) and recessive model (OR = 8.86, 95% CI = 1.10–71.31, p = 0.013). Conclusions We have confirmed that the susceptive SNPs (rs2236302) of MMP‐14 from the MMPs/TIMPs system exhibit a significant association with increased risk of steroid‐induced ONFH in the population of northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Qi
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Mingqi Sun
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chao Ma
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuju Cao
- Zhengzhou TCM Traumatology Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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Yuan B, Ji W, Fan B, Zhang B, Zhao Y, Li J. Association analysis between thrombospondin-2 gene polymorphisms and intervertebral disc degeneration in a Chinese Han population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9586. [PMID: 29480856 PMCID: PMC5943876 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the contribution of 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in thrombospondin 2 (THBS2) gene to the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) in a Chinese Han population.We studied 138 patients with radiographically proven IDD and 136 healthy volunteers with no history of back problems. Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were obtained for all the patients and controls. Image evaluation for IDD was performed to evaluate the severity of IDD. All patients and controls were genotyped for rs6422747 and rs6422748. Associations between genotypes and development of IDD were analyzed.We found that 2 SNPs in the intron region of THBS2 gene (rs6422747 and rs6422748) were associated with susceptibility of IDD. However, they were not related with severity of IDD, including the total number of degenerative disc and level of IDD. G allele in both SNPs was associated with a higher risk of IDD.The 2 SNPs (rs6422747 and rs6422748) in the THBS2 gene were associated with susceptibility of IDD but not severity of IDD in a Chinese Han population. Our results indicated that THBS2 gene polymorphisms might be the risk factors for IDD. More studies with larger sample size need to be perfected to make sure the functions of THBS2 gene polymorphisms in IDD development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics
| | - Bing Fan
- Health Examination Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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9
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Martirosyan NL, Patel AA, Carotenuto A, Kalani MYS, Belykh E, Walker CT, Preul MC, Theodore N. Genetic Alterations in Intervertebral Disc Disease. Front Surg 2016; 3:59. [PMID: 27917384 PMCID: PMC5116693 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2016.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is considered a multifactorial disease that is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The last two decades of research strongly demonstrate that genetic factors contribute about 75% of the IVDD etiology. Recent total genome sequencing studies have shed light on the various single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with IVDD. AIM This review presents comprehensive and updated information about the diversity of genetic factors in the inflammatory, degradative, homeostatic, and structural systems involved in the IVDD. An organized collection of information is provided regarding genetic polymorphisms that have been identified to influence the risk of developing IVDD. Understanding the proteins and signaling systems involved in IVDD can lead to improved understanding and targeting of therapeutics. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic literature search was performed using the National Library of Medicine for publications using the keywords genetics of IVDD, lumbar disc degeneration, degenerative disc disease, polymorphisms, SNPs, and disc disease. The articles were then screened based on inclusion criteria that included topics that covered the correlation of SNPs with developing IVDD. Sixty-five articles were identified as containing relevant information. Articles were excluded if they investigated lower back pain or just disc herniation without an analysis of disc degeneration. This study focuses on the chronic degeneration of IVDs. RESULTS Various genes were identified to contain SNPs that influenced the risk of developing IVDD. Among these are genes contributing to structural proteins, such as COL1A1, COL9A3, COL9A3, COL11A1, and COL11A2, ACAN, and CHST3. Furthermore, various SNPs found in the vitamin-D receptor gene are also associated with IVDD. SNPs related to inflammatory cytokine imbalance are associated with IVDD, although some effects are limited by sex and certain populations. SNPs in genes that code for extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, such as MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-14, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5 are also associated with IVDD. Apoptosis-mediating genes, such as caspase 9 gene (CASP9), TRAIL, and death receptor 4 (DR4), as well as those for growth factors, such as growth differentiation factor 5 and VEGF, are identified to have polymorphisms that influence the risk of developing IVDD. CONCLUSION Within the last 10 years, countless new SNPs have been identified in genes previously unknown to be associated with IVDD. Furthermore, the last decade has also revealed new SNPs identified in genes already known to be involved with increased risk of developing IVDD. Improved understanding of the numerous genetic variants behind various pathophysiological elements of IVDD could help advance personalized care and pharmacotherapeutic strategies for patients suffering from IVDD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay L Martirosyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Division of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Arpan A Patel
- College of Medicine - Phoenix, University of Arizona , Phoenix, AZ , USA
| | | | - M Yashar S Kalani
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute , Phoenix, AZ , USA
| | - Evgenii Belykh
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia; Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Corey T Walker
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute , Phoenix, AZ , USA
| | - Mark C Preul
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute , Phoenix, AZ , USA
| | - Nicholas Theodore
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute , Phoenix, AZ , USA
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Zhang SJ, Yang W, Wang C, He WS, Deng HY, Yan YG, Zhang J, Xiang YX, Wang WJ. Autophagy: A double-edged sword in intervertebral disk degeneration. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 457:27-35. [PMID: 27018178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a homeostatic mechanism through which intracellular damaged organelles and proteins are degraded and recycled in response to increased metabolic demands or stresses. Although primarily cytoprotective, dysfunction of autophagy is often associated with many degenerative diseases, including intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD). As a main contributing factor to low back pain, IDD is the pathological basis for various debilitating spinal diseases. Either higher or lower levels of autophagy are observed in degenerative IVD cells. Despite the precise role of autophagy in disc degeneration that is still controversial, with difference from protection to aggravation, targeting autophagy has shown promise for mitigating disc degeneration. In the current review, we summarize the changes of autophagy in degenerative IVD cells and mainly discuss the relationship between autophagy and IDD. With continued efforts, modulation of the autophagic process could be a potential and attractive therapeutic strategy for degenerative disc disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jun Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wen-Si He
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Hai-Yang Deng
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yi-Guo Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Hand and Micro-surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yong-Xiao Xiang
- Department of Hand and Micro-surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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