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Shi M, Guo K, Liu Y, Cao F, Fan T, Deng Z, Meng Y, Bu M, Ma Z. Role of macrophage polarization in periodontitis promoting atherosclerosis. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00935-z. [PMID: 38573421 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory destructive disease occurring in periodontal supporting tissues. Atherosclerosis(AS) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. Periodontitis can promote the development and progression of AS. Macrophage polarization is closely related to the development and progression of the above two diseases, respectively. The purpose of this animal study was to evaluate the effect of periodontitis on aortic lesions in atherosclerotic mice and the role of macrophage polarization in this process. 45 ApoE-/-male mice were randomly divided into three groups: control (NC), atherosclerosis (AS), and atherosclerosis with periodontitis (AS + PD). Micro CT, serological testing and pathological testing(hematoxylin-eosin staining, oil red O staining and Masson staining) were used for Evaluate the modeling situation. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) and immunofluorescence(IF) were performed to evaluate macrophage content and macrophage polarization in plaques. Cytokines associated with macrophage polarization were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(Elisa). The expression of macrophages in plaques was sequentially elevated in the NC, AS, and AS + PD groups(P < 0.001). The expression of M1 and M1-related cytokines showed the same trend(P < 0.05). The expression of M2 and M2-related cytokines showed the opposite trend(P < 0.05). The rate of M1/M2 showed that AS + PD > AS > NC. Our preliminary data support that experimental periodontitis can increase the content of macrophage in aortic plaques to exacerbate AS. Meanwhile, experimental periodontitis can increase M1 macrophages, and decrease M2 macrophages, increasing M1/M2 in the plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Shi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, No.383, Zhongshan East Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Kaili Guo
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, No.383, Zhongshan East Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, No.383, Zhongshan East Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Fengdi Cao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, No.383, Zhongshan East Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tiantian Fan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, No.383, Zhongshan East Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhuohang Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, No.383, Zhongshan East Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuhan Meng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, No.383, Zhongshan East Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mingyang Bu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, No.383, Zhongshan East Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, No.383, Zhongshan East Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Yadalam PK, Arumuganainar D, Ronsivalle V, Di Blasio M, Badnjevic A, Marrapodi MM, Cervino G, Minervini G. Prediction of interactomic hub genes in PBMC cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:385. [PMID: 38532421 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In recent years, the complex interplay between systemic health and oral well-being has emerged as a focal point for researchers and healthcare practitioners. Among the several important connections, the convergence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia, chronic periodontitis, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is a remarkable example. These components collectively contribute to a network of interactions that extends beyond their domains, underscoring the intricate nature of human health. In the current study, bioinformatics analysis was utilized to predict the interactomic hub genes involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia, and periodontitis and their relationships to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by machine learning algorithms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were utilized to identify the genes linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), dyslipidemia, and Periodontitis (GSE156993).Gene Ontology (G.O.) Enrichr, Genemania, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were used for analysis for identification and functionalities of hub genes. The expression of hub D.E.G.s was confirmed, and an orange machine learning tool was used to predict the hub genes. RESULT The decision tree, AdaBoost, and Random Forest had an A.U.C. of 0.982, 1.000, and 0.991 in the R.O.C. curve. The AdaBoost model showed an accuracy of (1.000). The findings imply that the AdaBoost model showed a good predictive value and may support the clinical evaluation and assist in accurately detecting periodontitis associated with T2DM and dyslipidemia. Moreover, the genes with p-value < 0.05 and A.U.C.>0.90, which showed excellent predictive value, were thus considered hub genes. CONCLUSION The hub genes and the D.E.G.s identified in the present study contribute immensely to the fundamentals of the molecular mechanisms occurring in the PBMC associated with the progression of periodontitis in the presence of T2DM and dyslipidemia. They may be considered potential biomarkers and offer novel therapeutic strategies for chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Yadalam
- Department of periodontics, Saveetha Institute Of Medical And Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | | | - Vincenzo Ronsivalle
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Marco Di Blasio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Center of Dentistry, University of Parma, Parma, 43126, Italy.
| | - Almir Badnjevic
- Verlab Research Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Devices, and Artificial Intelligence, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia-Herzegovina
| | - Maria Maddalena Marrapodi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cervino
- School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, Messina, 98125, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, 80121, Italy
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Integrative analysis of gene and protein expression in atherosclerosis-related pathways modulated by periodontal pathogens. Systematic review. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:8-22. [PMID: 36654677 PMCID: PMC9841036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms modulated by periodontal pathogens in atherosclerosis are not fully understood. Aim: to perform an integrative analysis of gene and protein expression modulated by periodontal pathogens in cells and animal models for atherosclerosis. Methods Cochrane, PRISMA and AMSTAR2 guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. Data search was conducted in Pub-med, LILACS and Science Direct databases. Gene and protein expression data were collected from the included papers to perform an overrepresentation analysis using the Reactome Pathway Analysis tool and the KEGG database. Results Thirty-two papers were included in the review, they analyzed the effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus sanguinis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola or/and their virulent factors on gene and protein expression in human cells and animal models of atherosclerosis. Some of the modulated pathways include the immune system, programmed cell death, cellular responses to external stimuli, transport of small molecules, and signal transduction (p < 0.05). Those pathways are known to be involved in different stages of atherosclerosis progression. Conclusion Based on the performed analysis, it is possible to state that periodontal pathogens have the potential to be a contributing factor for atherosclerosis even in absence of a high-fat diet or high shear stress.
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Zheng X, Li X, Zhen J, Xue D, Hu J, Cao Q, Xu A, Cheung BMY, Wu J, Li C. Periodontitis is associated with stroke. J Transl Med 2023; 21:697. [PMID: 37803341 PMCID: PMC10559622 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. However, the relationship between periodontitis and stroke is rarely studied. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between periodontitis and stroke. METHODS Statistical analysis was performed using the complex sampling design. We analyzed data on 6,460 participants, representing 92,856,028 American citizens aged 30 years or older, who had valid data on periodontitis and stroke from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2014. We used clinical attachment level and probing pocket depth precisely to determine periodontitis and it is the first time to use such a precise method for exploring the relationship between periodontitis and stroke. RESULTS 39.9% of participants had periodontitis and 2.1% of participants had a record of stroke diagnosis. Stroke was associated with severity levels of periodontitis (p for trend = 0.018). The odds ratio for stroke was significantly elevated in the severe periodontitis and moderate periodontitis participants compared to participants without periodontitis (OR for severe periodontitis: 2.55, 95% CI 1.25-5.21; OR for moderate periodontitis: 1.71, 95% CI 1.17-2.50). After adjusting for race/ethnicity and sex, the association remained significant (p for trend = 0.009). After further adjusting for BMI, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, alcohol consumption and physical activity, the association still existed (p for trend = 0.027). The association was significant consistently after further adjusting for age (p for trend = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS In this nationally representative study, we found an association between periodontitis and stroke. The risk of stroke in participants with severe periodontitis and moderate periodontitis was 2.55 times and 1.71times as high as those without periodontitis. Dental health management may be of benefit to stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Rd, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center (The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Stomatological Research, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Juanying Zhen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Rd, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dai Xue
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Rd, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bernard Man Yung Cheung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Rd, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Rd, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Bacterial Infections and Atherosclerosis – A Mini Review. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the most challenging subsets of coronary artery disease in humans, in which risk factors emerge from childhood, and its prevalence increases with age. Experimental research demonstrates that infections due to bacteria stimulate atherogenic events. Atherosclerosis has complex pathophysiology that is linked with several bacterial infections by damaging the inner arterial wall and heart muscles directly and indirectly by provoking a systemic pro-inflammation and acute-phase protein. Repeated bacterial infections trigger an inflammatory cascade that triggers immunological responses that negatively impact cardiovascular biomarkers includes triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein, heat shock proteins, cytokines, fibrinogen, and leukocyte count. Herein, we intended to share the role of bacterial infection in atherosclerosis and evaluate existing evidence of animal and human trials on the association between bacterial infections and atherosclerosis on update.
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Wang P, Yin B, Zhang Z, Mao S, Bao W, Lian W, Fan Y, Hong C, Su Y, Jia C. Foamy macrophages potentially inhibit tuberculous wound healing by inhibiting the TLRs/NF-κB signalling pathway. Wound Repair Regen 2022; 30:376-396. [PMID: 35384137 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To characterise the distribution, classification, and quantity of foamy macrophages (FMs) in tuberculous wound tissue and the relationship between FM and delayed healing of tuberculous wounds. Morphological studies were performed to explore the distribution of FM and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in tuberculous wounds, with acute and chronic wounds included for comparison. Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate stimulation-differentiated THP-1 cells were treated with Mtb to induce their differentiation into FM with oxidised low-density lipoprotein treatment serving as a control. Relative cytokine levels were determined by quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Varied co-culture combinations of Mtb, THP-1, FM, and fibroblasts were performed, and proliferation, migration, ability to contract collagen gel, and protein levels of the chemokines in the supernatants of the fibroblasts were assessed. The differentially expressed genes in human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) after co-culture with or without FM were identified using microarray. Many FM were found in the tissues of tuberculous wounds. The FM that did not engulf Mtb (NM-FM) were mainly distributed in tissues surrounding tuberculous wounds, whereas the FM that engulfed Mtb (M-FM) were dominantly located within granulomatous tissues. Co-culture experiments showed that, with the Mtb co-culture, the portions of NM-FM in the total FM grew over time. The migration, proliferation, chemokine secretion, and the ability of fibroblasts to contract collagen gel were inhibited when co-cultured with Mtb, FM, or a combination of the two. Further investigation showed that the TLRs/NF-κB signalling pathway is involved in fibroblast function under the stimulation of FM. TLRs and NF-κB agonists could reverse the phenotypic changes in HSFs after co-culture with FM. The tuberculous wound microenvironment composed of Mtb and FM may affect wound healing by inhibiting the functions of fibroblasts. FM potentially inhibit fibroblasts' function by inhibiting the TLRs/NF-κB signalling pathway in tuberculous wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin Yin
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zexin Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuting Mao
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wu Bao
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenqin Lian
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yueying Fan
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chao Hong
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingjun Su
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital of Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Chiyu Jia
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Zhou J, Liu L, Wu P, Zhao L, Wu Y. Fusobacterium nucleatum Accelerates Atherosclerosis via Macrophage-Driven Aberrant Proinflammatory Response and Lipid Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:798685. [PMID: 35359716 PMCID: PMC8963492 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.798685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, an oral chronic inflammatory disease, is reported to show an association with atherosclerotic vascular disease. Fusobacterium nucleatum is an oral commensal bacterium that is abundantly implicated in various forms of periodontal diseases; however, its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of atherosclerosis induced by F. nucleatum to provide new insight on the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. We used an animal model, that is, ApoE–/– mice were infected with F. nucleatum by oral gavage, and in vitro co-culture models to assess the pathogenicity of F. nucleatum. The results indicate that F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 invaded aortic tissues and substantially increased the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, F. nucleatum changed plaque composition into a less-stable phenotype, characterized with increased subcutaneous macrophage infiltration, M1 polarization, lipid deposition, cell apoptosis, and reduced extracellular matrix and collagen content. The serum levels of pro-atherosclerotic factors, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), c-reactive protein, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and microRNAs (miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-23b) were considerably increased after F. nucleatum stimulation, whereas HDL-c level was reduced. F. nucleatum induced in vitro macrophage apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. F. nucleatum facilitated ox-LDL–induced cholesterol phagocytosis and accumulation by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes (AR-A1, ACAT1, ABCA1, and ABCG1). F. nucleatum further worsened the atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment by considerably increasing the levels of IL-6; IL-1β; TNF-α; MCP-1; and MMP-2, 8, and 9 and by suppressing fibronectin (FN) 1 levels during foam cell formation. This study shows that F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 is implicated in atherosclerosis by causing aberrant activation and lipid metabolism in macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Periodontopathic Microbiota and Atherosclerosis: Roles of TLR-Mediated Inflammation Response. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9611362. [PMID: 35295717 PMCID: PMC8920700 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9611362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a high prevalence worldwide, contributing to a series of adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Periodontal disease induced by pathogenic periodontal microbiota has been well established as an independent factor of atherosclerosis. Periodontal microorganisms have been detected in atherosclerotic plaques. The high-risk microbiota dwelling in the subgingival pocket can stimulate local and systematic host immune responses and inflammatory cascade reactions through various signaling pathways, resulting in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. One often-discussed pathway is the Toll-like receptor-nuclear factor-κB (TLR-NF-κB) signaling pathway that plays a central role in the transduction of inflammatory mediators and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. This narrative review is aimed at summarizing and updating the latest literature on the association between periodontopathic microbiota and atherosclerosis and providing possible therapeutic ideas for clinicians regarding atherosclerosis prevention and treatment.
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Zhang J, Xie M, Huang X, Chen G, Yin Y, Lu X, Feng G, Yu R, Chen L. The Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis on Atherosclerosis-Related Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:766560. [PMID: 35003080 PMCID: PMC8734595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), one of the most common types of cardiovascular disease, has initially been attributed to the accumulation of fats and fibrous materials. However, more and more researchers regarded it as a chronic inflammatory disease nowadays. Infective disease, such as periodontitis, is related to the risk of atherosclerosis. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), one of the most common bacteria in stomatology, is usually discovered in atherosclerotic plaque in patients. Furthermore, it was reported that P. gingivalis can promote the progression of atherosclerosis. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of P. gingivalis in atherosclerosis attracted attention, which is thought to be crucial to the therapy of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is much complicated, and many kinds of cells participate in it. By summarizing existing studies, we find that P. gingivalis can influence the function of many cells in atherosclerosis. It can induce the dysfunction of endothelium, promote the formation of foam cells as well as the proliferation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells, and lead to the imbalance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper (Th) cells, ultimately promoting the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. This article summarizes the specific mechanism of atherosclerosis caused by P. gingivalis. It sorts out the interaction between P. gingivalis and AS-related cells, which provides a new perspective for us to prevent or slow down the occurrence and development of AS by inhibiting periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxia Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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Czerniuk MR, Surma S, Romańczyk M, Nowak JM, Wojtowicz A, Filipiak KJ. Unexpected Relationships: Periodontal Diseases: Atherosclerosis-Plaque Destabilization? From the Teeth to a Coronary Event. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020272. [PMID: 35205138 PMCID: PMC8869674 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Periodontal disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are very common around the world. Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death. The main factor involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is inflammation. Therefore, a number of studies have indicated that periodontal disease (causes chronic inflammation) is a risk factor for the progression of atherosclerosis. The presence of periodontal pathogens has been found in human atherosclerotic plaques. A number of pathomechanisms have been demonstrated, thanks to which periodontal pathogens, especially Porphyromonas gingivalis, can directly increase the progression of atherosclerosis and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Observational studies found that patients with periodontal disease were at higher risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Moreover, periodontal treatment leads to a reduction in cardiovascular risk therefore taking care of oral hygiene should be an important cardiovascular disease preventive measure. Abstract Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and periodontal disease (PD) are global health problems. High frequency of ASCVD is associated with the spread of many risk factors, including poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperuricemia, excessive stress, virus infection, genetic predisposition, etc. The pathogenesis of ASCVD is complex, while inflammation plays an important role. PD is a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease caused by dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, causing the progressive destruction of the bone and periodontal tissues surrounding the teeth. The main etiological factor of PD is the bacteria, which are capable of activating the immune response of the host inducing an inflammatory response. PD is associated with a mixed microbiota, with the evident predominance of anaerobic bacteria and microaerophilic. The “red complex” is an aggregate of three oral bacteria: Tannerella forsythia Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis responsible for severe clinical manifestation of PD. ASCVD and PD share a number of risk factors, and it is difficult to establish a causal relationship between these diseases. The influence of PD on ASCVD should be treated as a factor increasing the risk of atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and cardiovascular events. The results of observational studies indicate that PD significantly increases the risk of ASCVD. In interventional studies, PD treatment was found to have a beneficial effect in the prevention and control of ASCVD. This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge of the relationship between PD and ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej R. Czerniuk
- Department of Dental Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.R.C.); (J.M.N.); (A.W.)
| | - Stanisław Surma
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-208-83-00
| | - Monika Romańczyk
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Jacek M. Nowak
- Department of Dental Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.R.C.); (J.M.N.); (A.W.)
| | - Andrzej Wojtowicz
- Department of Dental Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.R.C.); (J.M.N.); (A.W.)
| | - Krzysztof J. Filipiak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Maria-Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, 03-411 Warsaw, Poland;
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11
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Characterization of the LPS and 3OHFA Contents in the Lipoprotein Fractions and Lipoprotein Particles of Healthy Men. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010047. [PMID: 35053195 PMCID: PMC8773495 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is caused by the accumulation of LDL particles in the intima, causing the activation of immune cells and triggering an inflammatory response. LPS is a potent activator of the innate immune response and it can be transported by lipoproteins. Since humans are much more sensitive to LPS than other mammals, and very low amounts of LPS can elicit an immune response, the aim of this study is to characterize the distribution of LPS and its immunogenic portion (3OHFAs) among lipoprotein types of healthy men. We separated lipoprotein fractions by ultracentrifugation and the amount of each 3OHFA was measured by MS in each lipoprotein fraction to calculate LPS concentration. Lipoprotein particle concentration was measured by NMR. LDL and HDL fractions transported the highest concentration of LPS (35.7% and 31.5%, respectively), but VLDL particles carried more LPS molecules per particle (0.55 molecules/particle) than LDL or HDL (p < 0.01). The distribution of LPS and all 3OHFAs among lipoprotein fractions showed high interindividual variability, suggesting that they may be studied as a potential biomarker. This may help understand the role of LPS in atherosclerosis in those cases where the disease cannot be explained by traditional risk factors.
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12
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Singh N, Bhatnagar S. Machine Learning for Prediction of Drug Targets in Microbe Associated Cardiovascular Diseases by Incorporating Host-pathogen Interaction Network Parameters. Mol Inform 2021; 41:e2100115. [PMID: 34676983 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Host-pathogen interactions play a crucial role in invasion, infection, and induction of immune response in humans. In this work, four machine learning algorithms, namely Logistic regression, K-nearest neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest were implemented for the classification of drug targets. The algorithms were trained using 3400 hosts and 3800 pathogen drug and non-drug target proteins as learning instances. For each protein, 68 pathogen and 73 host features were computed that included sequence, structure, biological and host-pathogen network centrality characteristics. The Random Forest classifier model achieved the best accuracy after 10-fold cross-validation. 99 % accuracy was achieved with a ROC-AUC score of 0.99±0.01 for both pathogen and host training sets. The Eigenvector Centrality of host-pathogen interactions and host-host interactions was the top feature in performing classification of pathogen and host targets respectively. Other features important for classification were the presence of catalytic and binding sites, low instability/aliphatic index, and cellular location. The Random Forest classifier was then used for prediction of drug targets involved in Microbe Associated Cardiovascular Diseases. 331 host and 743 pathogen proteins were predicted as drug targets by the random forest model and can be validated experimentally for therapeutic intervention in Microbe Associated Cardiovascular Diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupma Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Sonika Bhatnagar
- Department of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India.,Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
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13
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Čolak D, Gašperšič R, Kučič AC, Pintar T, Gašpirc B. The effect of bariatric surgery on periodontal health: systematic review and meta-analyses. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:1118-1127. [PMID: 34336041 PMCID: PMC8314405 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/135880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to determine whether periodontal health deteriorates after bariatric surgery (BS). METHODS A search was performed in Medline and Embase, for prospective cohort studies with data on change in periodontal parameters after BS. Meta-analysis was performed with available data. RESULTS The results of 4 included studies consistently show significant (p < 0.05) worsening of bleeding on probing (4.21% (95% CI: 0.32, 8.11)), clinical attachment loss (0.16 mm (95% CI: 0.05, 0.27)), periodontal pocket depth (PPD) (0.14 mm (95% CI: 0.06, 0.23)) and percentage of PPD 4-5 mm: 1.72% (95% CI: 0.11, 3.34) 6 months after BS, but no change after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS BS may have a transient negative effect on periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejana Čolak
- Department of Oral Diseases and Periodontology, Dental Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Gašperšič
- Department of Oral Diseases and Periodontology, Dental Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alja Cmok Kučič
- Department of Oral Diseases and Periodontology, Dental Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadeja Pintar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Gašpirc
- Department of Oral Diseases and Periodontology, Dental Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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14
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Rho JH, Kim HJ, Joo JY, Lee JY, Lee JH, Park HR. Periodontal Pathogens Promote Foam Cell Formation by Blocking Lipid Efflux. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1367-1377. [PMID: 33899578 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211008811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cells are one of the major cellular components of atherosclerotic plaques, within which the trace of periodontal pathogens has also been identified in recent studies. In line with these findings, the correlation between periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular incidences has been repetitively supported by evidence from a number of experimental studies. However, the direct role of periodontal pathogens in altered cellular signaling underlying such cardiovascular events has not been clearly defined. To determine the role of periodontal pathogens in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, especially in the evolution of macrophages into foam cells, we monitored the pattern of lipid accumulation within macrophages in the presence of periodontal pathogens, followed by characterization of these lipids and investigation of major molecules involved in lipid homeostasis. The cells were stained with the lipophilic fluorescent dye BODIPY 493/503 and Oil Red O to characterize the lipid profile. The amounts of Oil Red O-positive droplets, representing neutral lipids, as well as fluorescent lipid aggregates were prominently increased in periodontal pathogen-infected macrophages. Subsequent analysis allowed us to locate the accumulated lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, the levels of cholesteryl ester in periodontal pathogen-infected macrophages were increased, implying disrupted lipid homeostasis. Further investigations to delineate the key messengers and regulatory factors involved in the altered lipid homeostasis have revealed alterations in cholesterol efflux-related enzymes, such as ABCG1 and CYP46A1, as contributors to foam cell formation, and increased Ca2+ signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as key events underlying disrupted lipid homeostasis. Consistently, a treatment of periodontal pathogen-infected macrophages with ROS inhibitors and nifedipine attenuated the accumulation of lipid droplets, further confirming periodontal pathogen-induced alterations in Ca2+ and ROS signaling and the subsequent dysregulation of lipid homeostasis as key regulatory events underlying the evolution of macrophages into foam cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Rho
- Department of Oral Pathology and BK21 FOUR Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology and BK21 FOUR Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Joo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center, Dental & Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Lee
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center, Dental & Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology and BK21 FOUR Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center, Dental & Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - H R Park
- Department of Oral Pathology and BK21 FOUR Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center, Dental & Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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15
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Xiao C, Bai G, Du Y, Jiang H, Yu X. Association of high HIF-1α levels in serous periodontitis with external root resorption by the NFATc1 pathway. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:649-658. [PMID: 32990833 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Whether external root resorption is associated with hypoxia in the periodontal ligaments of teeth with severe periodontitis remains unclear. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression and external resorption sites in the periodontal ligaments of these teeth were observed to elaborate upon the relationship between hypoxia and external root resorption in severe periodontitis. Histological analysis was performed to observe external root resorption. The expressions of HIF-1α and Nuclear factor-activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) in the periodontal ligaments were detected by immunofluorescence, western blotting and real-time PCR. Bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) were stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg.LPS) and cultured under hypoxia in vitro. High levels of HIF-1α and NFATc1 were detected in severe periodontitis. HIF-1α positive-cells were observed in the external resorption sites. Hypoxia promoted Pg.LPS-stimulated osteoclastogenesis of BMMs and bone resorption by the NFATc1 pathway. Increased HIF-1α in severe periodontitis are associated with external root resorption by the NFATc1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjie Xiao
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangliang Bai
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liaocheng Peoples Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Du
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Jiang
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xijiao Yu
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Herrera D, Molina A, Buhlin K, Klinge B. Periodontal diseases and association with atherosclerotic disease. Periodontol 2000 2020; 83:66-89. [PMID: 32385870 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases still account for the majority of deaths worldwide, although significant improvements in survival, after being affected by cardiovascular disease, have been achieved in the last decades. Periodontal diseases are also a common global burden. Several studies have shown a link between cardiovascular disease and periodontitis, although evidence is still lacking regarding the direct cause-effect relation. During the 2012 "Periodontitis and systemic diseases" workshop, the available evidence on the association between cardiovascular and periodontal diseases was discussed, covering biologic plausibility and clinical studies. The objective of the present narrative review was to update the previous reviews presented at the 2012 workshop, following similar methodological approaches, aiming to critically assess the available evidence. With regard to biologic plausibility, two aspects were reviewed: (a) for microbiologic mechanisms, assessing periodontal bacteria as a contributing factor to atherosclerosis based on seven "proofs," substantial evidence was found for Proofs 1 through 6, but not for Proof 7 (periodontal bacteria obtained from human atheromas can cause atherosclerosis in animal models), concluding that periodontal pathogens can contribute to atherosclerosis; (b) mechanistic studies, addressing five different inflammatory pathways that could explain the links between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease with the addition of some extra pathways , suggest an association between both entities, based on the presence of higher levels of these inflammatory markers in patients with periodontitis and cardiovascular disease, vs healthy controls, as well as on the evidence that periodontal treatment reduces serum levels of these mediators. When evidence from clinical studies was analyzed, two aspects were covered: (a) epidemiologic studies support the estimation that the incidence of atherosclerotic disease is higher in individuals with periodontitis than in individuals with no reported periodontitis, irrespective of many common risk factors, but with a substantial variability in the definitions used in reporting of exposure to periodontal diseases in different studies; (b) intervention trials have shown that periodontal therapy can reduce serum inflammatory mediators, improve the lipids profile, and induce positive changes in other cardiovascular disease surrogate measures, but no evidence is available to support that adequate periodontal therapy is able to reduce the risk for cardiovascular diseases, or the incidence of cardiovascular disease events in periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Molina
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kare Buhlin
- Perio Section, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bjorn Klinge
- Perio Section, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmo University, Malmo, Sweden
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17
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Yu X, Jiang H, Cheng G, Shang W, Zhang S. High levels of HIF-1ɑ in hypoxic dental pulps associated with teeth with severe periodontitis. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:265-275. [PMID: 32394128 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the expression of HIF-1ɑ in dental pulps of the teeth with severe periodontitis. The expression of HIF-1ɑ in dental pulps of the teeth with severe periodontitis was detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and real-time PCR. Bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) were cultured under hypoxia in vitro. HIF-1ɑ, osteoclast-specific factors (NFATc1, CTSK and c-fos) and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis were evaluated by immunofluorescence, TRAP staining and western blotting. High levels of HIF-1ɑ protein were detected in dental pulps of teeth with severe periodontitis, whereas few positive HIF-1ɑ expressions were detected in healthy dental pulps. Hypoxia occurred in the dental pulps in response to heavy periodontitis. Many HIF-1ɑ-positive infiltratory inflammatory cells were observed around blood vessels. Tooth internal resorption was found in some teeth with severe periodontitis. The HIF-1ɑ levels were upregulated in BMMs under hypoxia, which also promoted osteoclast formation and resorption by NFATc1, CTSK and c-fos. Teeth with severe periodontitis show hypoxic dental pulps and increased potential of osteoclastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijiao Yu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Jiang
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guannan Cheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Weihai Stomatological Hospital, Weihai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Shang
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shanyong Zhang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Zhang Q, Liu J, Ma L, Bai N, Xu H. LOX-1 is involved in TLR2 induced RANKL regulation in peri-implantitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105956. [PMID: 31655342 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore whether receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) is involved in the nosogenesis of peri-implantitis and to reveal the regulatory mechanism in Porphyromonas gingivalis induced RANKL production. METHODS Therefore, we collected peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and gingival tissues from healthy implants and peri-implantitis patients. The expression of RANKL in samples was tested by ELISA, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The production of RANKL in THP-1 macrophages stimulated with P. gingivalis was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Then macrophages were pre-treated with neutralizing antibodies of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) or lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) and inhibitors of TLR2, LOX-1 or Erk1/2 before P. gingivalis stimulation to evaluate the roles of TLR2, LOX-1 and Erk1/2 in RANKL production by qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS The protein level of RANKL was higher in PICF of peri-implantitis patients than healthy implants. We observed increased RANKL expression in P. gingivalis infected macrophages compared to controls. RANKL induced by P. gingivalis stimulation was mediated by TLR2 and Erk1/2 signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophages. LOX-1 is involved in TLR2 induced RANKL expression. CONCLUSION RANKL was involved in peri-implantitis, and regulated by TLR2, LOX-1 and Erk1/2 signaling against P. gingivalis infection. As the novel inflammation pathway triggers, TLR2 and LOX-1 which mediate RANKL production seems to be potential drug targets of peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Na Bai
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huirong Xu
- Department of Pathology, ZiBo Central Hospital, ZiBo, Shandong Province, China
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19
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Khademi F, Vaez H, Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Majnooni A, Banach M, Sahebkar A. Bacterial infections are associated with cardiovascular disease in Iran: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:902-911. [PMID: 31360186 PMCID: PMC6657263 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.85509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and association of various bacterial infections with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Iran. MATERIAL AND METHODS An electronic search was performed using related keywords in the national and international databases up to June 30, 2017. Out of the 1807 articles found on the associations between bacterial infections and CVD, 20 relevant studies were selected for the meta-analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of bacterial infections was higher in case groups compared with the control groups. Odds ratios for assessing the association between Chlamydia pneumonia infection and CVD based on PCR, IgG and IgA tests were 7.420 (95% CI: 3.088-17.827), 3.710 (95% CI: 1.361-10.115) and 2.492 (95% CI: 1.305-4.756), respectively. Moreover, the calculated odds ratio for Mycoplasma pneumonia infection was 1.815 (95% CI: 0.973-3.386). For Helicobacter pylori infection, odds ratios based on IgG and IgA tests were 3.160 (95% CI: 1.957-5.102) and 0.643 (95% CI: 0.414-0.999), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis suggested that there was a significant association between H. pylori, C. pneumonia and M. pneumonia infections and CVD in Iran. These findings confirm the potential role of bacterial infections as predisposing factors for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Khademi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hamid Vaez
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Araz Majnooni
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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20
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Salhi L, Rompen E, Sakalihasan N, Laleman I, Teughels W, Michel JB, Lambert F. Can Periodontitis Influence the Progression of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm? A Systematic Review. Angiology 2018; 70:479-491. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319718821243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Salhi
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Rompen
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Natzi Sakalihasan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Surgical Research Centre, GIGA-Cardiovascular Science Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Laleman
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Periodontology, Research Group for Microbial Adhesion, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michel
- DRE Laboratory for Translational Vascular Science, Inserm Denis Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - France Lambert
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit, Head of Clinic, Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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21
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Che C, Liu J, Yang J, Ma L, Bai N, Zhang Q. Osteopontin is essential for IL-1β production and apoptosis in peri-implantitis. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2018; 20:384-392. [PMID: 29446213 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Che
- Department of Prosthodontics; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Prosthodontics; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Na Bai
- Department of Prosthodontics; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao China
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Gualtero D, Lafaurie G, Fontanilla M. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional models for studying atherosclerosis pathogenesis induced by periodontopathogenic microorganisms. Mol Oral Microbiol 2017; 33:29-37. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D.F. Gualtero
- Tissue Engineering Group; Department of Pharmacy; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Bogota Colombia
- Biotechnology Laboratory; Basic Oral Research Unit (UIBO); School of Odontology; Universidad El Bosque; Bogota Colombia
| | - G.I. Lafaurie
- Biotechnology Laboratory; Basic Oral Research Unit (UIBO); School of Odontology; Universidad El Bosque; Bogota Colombia
| | - M.R. Fontanilla
- Tissue Engineering Group; Department of Pharmacy; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Bogota Colombia
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Che C, Liu J, Ma L, Xu H, Bai N, Zhang Q. LOX-1 is involved in IL-1β production and extracellular matrix breakdown in dental peri-implantitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:127-135. [PMID: 28898769 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore whether lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) are involved in the nosogenesis of human dental peri-implantitis and determine the role of LOX-1 in IL-1β, MMP2 and MMP9 production in response to Porphyromonas gingivalis. METHODS Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was collected from ten patients with healthy implants and ten patients with peri-implantitis. The LOX-1 protein in PICF was detected by Western-blot, and the expression of LOX-1 in superficial gingiva of peri-implantitis patients was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The IL-1β, MMP2 and MMP9 proteins in PICF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). THP-1 macrophages were pretreated with neutralizing antibody (LOX-1) and inhibitors (LOX-1 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK) to evaluate the role of LOX-1 and JNK in IL-1β production, as well as the role of LOX-1 in MMP2 and MMP9 production in response to P. gingivalis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western-blot. RESULTS LOX-1, IL-1β, MMP2 and MMP9 increased in PICF of peri-implantitis patients and in THP-1 macrophages on P. gingivalis stimulation. IL-1β, MMP2 and MMP9 production in response to P. gingivalis in THP-1 macrophages was dependent on LOX-1. JNK was responsible for LOX-1 induced IL-1β production as a result of P. gingivalis infection. CONCLUSION LOX-1 is involved in IL-1β production and extracellular matrix breakdown is a novel inflammatory pathway trigger and potential drug target in human dental peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huirong Xu
- Department of Pathology, ZiBo Central Hospital, ZiBo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Na Bai
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
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CD36 in chronic kidney disease: novel insights and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:769-781. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Review. The Link between Periodontal Disease, Inflammation and Atherosclerosis — an Interdisciplinary Approach. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/jim-2017-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that results from the activity of altered oral microbiome, leading to altered immune reaction, destruction of tissues supporting the teeth, and oral bone loss. This disease is particularly associated with an expressed systemic inflammation, being considered nowadays an inflammatory disorder. At the same time, inflammation has been recognized to play a major role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Atheromatous plaque formation is triggered by alterations in the structure of the endothelium, which lead to the expression of adhesion molecules and recruitment of immune cells such as macrophages, in the arterial wall. While the association between periodontal disease, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases has been well established, the causality relation between these three entities has not been demonstrated so far. This review presents the most common advances in understanding the complex link between periodontal disease, inflammation and atherosclerosis, as a common pathway leading to increased cardiovascular risk.
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