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Hernández-Vásquez A, Vargas-Fernández R. Prevalence of Prehypertension and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Profiles among Adults in Peru: Findings from a Nationwide Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137867. [PMID: 35805525 PMCID: PMC9265298 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Prehypertension is a clinical condition that increases the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In South American countries, prehypertension affects almost one-third of the population. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between prehypertension and the main cardiometabolic risk factors according to the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III by sex in the Peruvian population. A total of 863 participants surveyed were included in the study. A total of 21.1% had prehypertension, 14.4% of whom were female, and 30.5% were male. Women belonging to the age group 50–59 years, having abdominal obesity and being a current smoker, were more likely to have prehypertension, while the likelihood of having prehypertension increased in men with abdominal obesity. Three out of 10 men and one out of 10 women in Peru have prehypertension. In women, being 50 to 59 years of age, having abdominal obesity, and being a current smoker, increased the probability of having prehypertension, whereas, in men, only abdominal obesity was found to be associated with prehypertension. Our findings will allow the development of prevention strategies focused on the appropriate diagnosis of prehypertension and cardiometabolic risk factors according to sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Hernández-Vásquez
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru
- Correspondence:
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Soleimani A, Mirzavi F, Nikoofal-Sahlabadi S, Nikpoor AR, Taghizadeh B, Barati M, Soukhtanloo M, Jaafari MR. CD73 downregulation by EGFR-targeted liposomal CD73 siRNA potentiates antitumor effect of liposomal doxorubicin in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10423. [PMID: 35729230 PMCID: PMC9213518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking CD73 ectonucleotidase has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of a novel EGFR-Targeted liposomal CD73 siRNA formulation in combination therapy with liposomal doxorubicin in the 4T1 mouse model. CD73 siRNA was encapsulated into nanoliposomes by the ethanol injection method. After preparation, characterization, morphology, and stability evaluation of formulations, the toxicity was measured by MTT assay. Uptake assay and efficiency of the liposomal formulations were investigated on the 4T1 cell line. The liposomal formulation containing CD73 siRNA was targeted with GE11 peptide for in vivo evaluations. Following biodistribution analysis, the antitumor activity of prepared formulations in combination with liposomal doxorubicin was studied in mice bearing 4T1 metastatic breast cancer cells. Finally, the induction of immune response of formulations in concomitant treatment with liposomal doxorubicin was evaluated in the tumor microenvironment of a mouse model of breast cancer. The size of prepared liposomal formulations at N/P = 16 for the liposomal CD73 siRNA and GE11-liposomal CD73 siRNA groups were 89 nm ± 4.4 and 95 nm ± 6.6, respectively. The nanoparticle's PDI was less than 0.3 and their surface charge was below 10 mV. The results demonstrated that N/P = 16 yielded the best encapsulation efficiency which was 94% ± 3.3. AFM results showed that the liposomes were spherical in shape and were less than 100 nm in size. The results of the MTT assay showed significant toxicity of the liposomes containing CD73 siRNA during the 48-h cell culture. Real-time PCR and flow cytometry results showed that liposomes containing CD73 siRNA could effectively downregulate CD73 expression. Liposomal formulations were able to significantly downregulate CD73 gene expression, in vivo. However, CD73 downregulation efficiency was significantly higher for the targeted form compared to the non-targeted formulation (P value < 0.01). The combination showed maximum tumor growth delay with remarkable survival improvement compared to the control group. Studying the immune responses in the treatment groups which received doxorubicin, showed decreased number of lymphocytes in the tumor environment. However, this decrease was lower in the combination therapy group. Finally, our results clearly showed that CD73 downregulation increases the activity of CD8+ lymphocytes (IFN-ℽ production) and also significantly decreases the Foxp3 in the CD25+ lymphocytes compared to the control group. GE11-Lipo CD73 siRNA formulation can efficiently knockdown CD73 ectonucleotidase. Also, the efficacy of liposomal doxorubicin is significantly enhanced via the downregulation of CD73 ectonucleotidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvar Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Nikoofal-Sahlabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Nikpoor
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Bita Taghizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Casillas FA, Martínez Fernández DE, Valle Y, Aceves Ramírez M, Parra-Reyna B, Sarabia Pulido S, Guzmán Sánchez CM, Flores Salinas HE, Muñoz Valle F, Padilla Gutiérrez JR. APOA1 (-75 G>A and 83 C>T) and APOB (2488 C>T) polymorphisms and their association with myocardial infarction, lipids and apolipoproteins in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:1438-1445. [PMID: 36457989 PMCID: PMC9710253 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/108674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well documented. Polymorphisms in APOA1 and APOB genes allow us to identify new genetic markers in the Mexican population with T2DM and MI. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied 135 patients with DMT2 and MI (DI); another 85 non-infarcted diabetic individuals with DMT2 but without previous ischemic events (NID) and 242 healthy subjects (HS). All three groups were selected with the aim to investigate the association between the polymorphisms and infarction when T2DM is present or absent. RESULTS -75 G>A polymorphism: Differences were found in genotype distribution between DI and NID individuals (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.117-3.623, p = 0.019) with an increased risk for A in the dominant model (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.020-3.084, p = 0.042); also concentrations of ApoA-I for A/A were lower in comparison with G/A (p = 0.038) and LDL-C and HDL-C levels were lower in G/A compared to G/G carriers. 83 C>T polymorphism of APOA1: For DI individuals, HDL-C was lower in T/T compared to C/C and triglyceride levels were lower in C/T compared to C/C carriers. CONCLUSIONS The -75 G>A APOA1 polymorphism could be considered as a susceptibility factor for myocardial infarction in individuals with T2DM and 2488 C>T APOB polymorphism is associated with changes in HDL-C and LDL-C and triglycerides in the same group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidel Antonio Casillas
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdG), Guadalajara, Mexico
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Diana Emilia Martínez Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdG), Guadalajara, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Orientación en Inmunología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Yeminia Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdG), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Maricela Aceves Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdG), Guadalajara, Mexico
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Brenda Parra-Reyna
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdG), Guadalajara, Mexico
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Salvador Sarabia Pulido
- Especialidad en Cardiología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente (CMNO), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Departamento de Cardiología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, JAL, México
| | - Cesar Manuel Guzmán Sánchez
- Especialidad en Cardiología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente (CMNO), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Departamento de Cardiología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, JAL, México
| | - Héctor Enrique Flores Salinas
- Especialidad en Cardiología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente (CMNO), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Departamento de Cardiología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, JAL, México
| | - Francisco Muñoz Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdG), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ramón Padilla Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdG), Guadalajara, Mexico
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Xu G, Yang Z, Sun Y, Dong H, Ma J. Interaction of microRNAs with sphingosine kinases, sphingosine-1 phosphate, and sphingosine-1 phosphate receptors in cancer. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:33. [PMID: 35201458 PMCID: PMC8777508 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a pleiotropic lipid mediator, participates in various cellular processes during tumorigenesis, including cell proliferation, survival, drug resistance, metastasis, and angiogenesis. S1P is formed by two sphingosine kinases (SphKs), SphK1 and SphK2. The intracellularly produced S1P is delivered to the extracellular space by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and spinster homolog 2 (SPNS2), where it binds to five transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors to mediate its oncogenic functions (S1PR1-S1PR5). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length, that play numerous crucial roles in cancer, such as tumor initiation, progression, apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis via binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the target mRNA. There is growing evidence that various miRNAs modulate tumorigenesis by regulating the expression of SphKs, and S1P receptors. We have reviewed various roles of miRNAs, SphKs, S1P, and S1P receptors (S1PRs) in malignancies and how notable miRNAs like miR-101, miR-125b, miR-128, and miR-506, miR-1246, miR-21, miR-126, miR499a, miR20a-5p, miR-140-5p, miR-224, miR-137, miR-183-5p, miR-194, miR181b, miR136, and miR-675-3p, modulate S1P signaling. These tumorigenesis modulating miRNAs are involved in different cancers including breast, gastric, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate, colorectal, cervical, ovarian, and lung cancer via cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, metastasis, immune evasion, chemoresistance, and chemosensitivity. Therefore, understanding the interaction of SphKs, S1P, and S1P receptors with miRNAs in human malignancies will lead to better insights for miRNA-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmeng Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 China
| | - Zecheng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 China
| | - Yamin Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 China
| | - Hongmei Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 China
| | - Jingru Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 China
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Pre-Hypertension and Its Determinants in Healthy Young Adults: Analysis of Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179144. [PMID: 34501734 PMCID: PMC8431073 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify risk factors in the normotensive and pre-hypertensive group based on the blood pressure results of healthy young adults from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018. The participants were 2225 healthy young adults between the ages of 19 and under 45, excluding those with a diagnosis of hypertension or taking antihypertensive medications. Of the 2225 participants, the normotensive group was 1498 (67.3%) and the pre-hypertensive group 727 (32.7%). Determinants of pre-hypertension were analyzed using multiple logistic regression based on a complex sample design. Factors related to pre-hypertension in young adults were age, smoking, waist circumference, diabetes, anemia, cholesterol levels including HDL cholesterol, and uric acid levels. Pre-hypertension is a pre-stage that can prevent the morbidity of hypertension through lifestyle control, so its management is very important. Furthermore, a young adult is a stage in the growth and development of human beings, in which lifestyles such as healthy behaviors, eating habits, and exercise are fixed. Therefore, it is very important to improve lifestyles such as diet, exercise, and smoking cessation and to control risk factors in young adults who are at the pre-hypertension stage for health promotion. Continuous health examinations should be conducted for young adults, and education that can be practiced based on clinical data through this should be implemented for community health.
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Tang L, Zhao Q, Han W, Li K, Li J. Association of cardiovascular risk factor clustering and prehypertension among adults:Results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study baseline. Clin Exp Hypertens 2020; 42:315-321. [PMID: 31394956 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1652633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Prehypertension is common in China, but its causes and associated factors have not been well studied. This study aimed to examine the age and gender-specific associations between CVD risk factor clustering and prehypertension among adults in China.Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from participants (n = 8735) aged over 45 in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) Baseline conducted from 2011-2012. The participants' data were collected using standard questionnaires, anthropometric, and biochemical tests. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between cardiovascular risk factors, their clustering and prehypertension.Results: Overall, 21.1%, 39.5%, 27.6% and 11.8% participants had 0, 1, 2, ≥ 3 CVD risk factors in prehypertension group, respectively. Diabetes and overweight/obesity were significantly associated with prehypertension (OR, 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.44; OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.38-1.75) in the overall population, and diabetes was associated with prehypertension only in men (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.00-1.58) and older adults (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.03-1.69). Moreover, participants with 1, 2 and ≥3 risk factors had increased odds of having prehypertension (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.12-1.49; OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.31-1.78; OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.66-2.53, respectively) and existed dose-response relationship, regardless of age and gender.Conclusions: This study indicated that CVD risk factor clustering was significantly associated with prehypertension and hypertension. These results provide valuable information for health professionals to better understand the impact of CVD risk factor clustering on prehypertension and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Tang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiheng Zhao
- Department of orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenwen Han
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kun Li
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junxin Li
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Jonas K, Waligóra M, Magoń W, Zdrojewski T, Stokwiszewski J, Płazak W, Podolec P, Kopeć G. Prognostic role of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1397-1406. [PMID: 31749867 PMCID: PMC6855165 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.79242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic alterations have been recently associated with onset and progression of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). We aimed to determine the prevalence and prognostic role of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with IPAH. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between February 2009 and January 2015 we recruited consecutive IPAH patients. Clinical assessment included medical history, fasting glucose, lipid profile, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide concentration, 6-minute walk test distance, WHO functional class and hemodynamic evaluation. Patients' risk was estimated based on the Swedish PAH Register grading system. RESULTS The study group included 61 IPAH patients, and the control group included 2413 Polish residents. When compared to the general population, IPAH patients had lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and a higher triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio. Female patients were characterized by elevated glucose level, higher prevalence of diabetes and lower HDL-C than controls. PAH severity grade correlated positively with age and TG/HDL-C ratio (R = 0.29, p = 0.02) and inversely with LDL-C (R = -0.28, p = 0.03) and HDL-C (R = -0.39, p = 0.02) concentrations. After a follow-up of 48 (23-79) months we recorded 28 deaths in the IPAH group. In the regression analysis lower LDL-C (p = 0.002) and HDL-C (p = 0.0002) levels, and higher TG/HDL-C ratio (p = 0.003) and glucose level (p = 0.003) were associated with all-cause mortality after adjustment for age, sex or PAH severity grade. CONCLUSIONS Patients with IPAH are characterized by an altered profile of lipid and glucose metabolism. Lowered levels of LDL-C and HDL-C and increased TG/HDL-C ratio correlate with disease severity and together with elevated plasma glucose level predict poor survival in IPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Jonas
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Waligóra
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Magoń
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zdrojewski
- Department of Arterial Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department-Centre of Monitoring and Analyses of Population Health, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Stokwiszewski
- Department-Centre of Monitoring and Analyses of Population Health, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Płazak
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Podolec
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kopeć
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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Grinshteyn YI, Shabalin VV, Ruf RR, Shtrikh AY, Balanova YA. Prehypertension in the Krasnoyarsk Region: prevalence, correlation with sociodemographic and cardiometabolic risk factors. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2019. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2019-2-52-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - V. V. Shabalin
- V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University
| | - R. R. Ruf
- V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University
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Song J, Chen X, Zhao Y, Mi J, Wu X, Gao H. Risk factors for prehypertension and their interactive effect: a cross- sectional survey in China. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:182. [PMID: 30219041 PMCID: PMC6139180 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with prehypertension are at higher risk of developing hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, while the interaction between factors may aggravate prehypertension risk. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for prehypertension in Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults, and explore the potentially interactive effect of evaluated factors. METHODS All the participants that came from a community based cross-sectional survey were investigated in Bengbu, China, by being interviewed with a questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI), Waist circumference (WC) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) that reflect participants' obesity were also calculated. In addition, logistic regression model was applied to explore the risk factors of prehypertension, followed by the assessment of the interactive effects between risk factors on prehypertension by the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (SI). RESULTS A total of 1777 participants were enrolled in this study, among which the prevalence of normtension, prehypertension and hypertension were 41.70%, 33.93% and 24.37% respectively. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (OR: 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00-1.02), smoking (OR: 1.67, 95%CI: 1.22-2.29), family history of cardiovascular diseases (OR: 1.52, 95%CI: 1.14-2.02), general obesity (OR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.15-1.97) and LAP (OR: 2.58, 95%CI: 1.76-3.80) were all defined as the major factors that significantly related with the risk of prehypertension. When identifying prehypertension risk, the receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves (AUC) analysis indicated that LAP performed better than BMI in males (Z = 2.05, P = 0.03) and females (Z = 2.12, P = 0.03), but was superior to WC only in females (Z = 2.43, P = 0.01). What is more, there were significant interactive effects of LAP with family history of cardiovascular diseases (RERI: 1.88, 95%CI: 0.25-3.51; AP: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.20-0.69; SI: 2.37, 95%CI: 1.22-4.60) and smoking (RERI: 1.99, 95%CI: 0.04-3.93; AP: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.17-0.67; SI: 2.16, 95%CI: 1.68-4.00) on prehypertension risk. The value of AP (0.40, 95%CI: 0.03-0.77) also indicated a significant interaction between family history of cardiovascular diseases and smoking on prehypertension. CONCLUSION Prehypertension is currently prevalent in Chinese adults. This study indicated that age, family history of cardiovascular diseases, smoking, general obesity and LAP were significantly related with prehypertension risk. Furthermore, interactive effects on risk of prehypertension had been demonstrated in this study as well, which would help researchers to build strategy against prehypertension more comprehensively and scientifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Song
- School of public health, Bengbu medical college, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui Province China
| | - Xue Chen
- School of public health, Bengbu medical college, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui Province China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Bengbu health board, 568 Nanhu Road, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui Province China
| | - Jing Mi
- School of public health, Bengbu medical college, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui Province China
| | - Xuesen Wu
- School of public health, Bengbu medical college, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui Province China
| | - Huaiquan Gao
- School of public health, Bengbu medical college, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui Province China
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