Carrillo MN, Garribia M, Armando L, Adeoye AO, Garcia NH, Muñoz SE. Adherence to Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study of Total Carotid Plaque Area in Argentina.
J Lipid Atheroscler 2024;
13:338-347. [PMID:
39355400 PMCID:
PMC11439755 DOI:
10.12997/jla.2024.13.3.338]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective
Assessing subclinical atherosclerosis (sAT) is crucial for preventing cardiovascular disease. The Mediterranean diet is considered the gold standard for cardiovascular protection, but cultural and economic barriers can hinder adherence to it. The prudent dietary pattern (DP) has been associated with protective effects against chronic diseases. However, its impact on primary cardiovascular prevention remains uncertain. This study examined adherence to various DPs and their effect on sAT, measured by total carotid plaque area (TPA).
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 116 adults enrolled in a cardiovascular prevention program. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and TPA data were collected. Adherence to DPs was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Participants were categorized according to their adherence to 4 mutually exclusive DPs: prudent, traditional, sweet, and mixed. Generalized linear models were used to assess the effect of DPs on TPA, adjusting for relevant cardiovascular variables.
Results
The traditional, sweet, and mixed DPs were associated with higher TPA values than the prudent DP, with medians (interquartile range) of 27 (99), 39 (49), 27.5 (58), and 0 (36) mm2, respectively. Gamma regression analysis found that the beta exponents for the traditional, sweet, and mixed DPs versus the prudent DP were 3.78 (p=0.046); 3.73 (p=0.013), and 2.20 (p=0.072), respectively. Systolic blood pressure values were higher for the sweet and mixed DPs than for the prudent DP (133.9±11.7; 132.5±13.9 and 122.7±8.8 mmHg, respectively; p<0.05).
Conclusion
These findings underscore the importance of additional research and targeted interventions to promote healthier DPs to promote improvements in cardiovascular health.
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