The impact of physical training on neutrophil extracellular traps in young male athletes - a pilot study

High-intensity interval training reduces the induction of neutrophil extracellular traps in older men using live-neutrophil imaging as biosensor

Neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) is a mechanism used by neutrophils to capture pathogens with their own DNA. However, the exacerbation of this immune response is related to serious inflammatory diseases. Aging is known to lead to an excessive increase in NETosis associated with various diseases. Under this scenario, the search for strategies that regulate the release of NETosis in older people becomes relevant. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) involves repeated bouts of relatively intense exercise with alternating short recovery periods. This training has shown beneficial effects on health parameters during aging and disease. However, little is known about the potential role of HIIT in the regulation of NETosis in healthy older people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the induction of NETosis by serum from healthy young and older men, before and after 12 weeks of HIIT using healthy neutrophils as a biosensor. HIIT was performed 3 times per week for 12 weeks in young (YOUNG; 21 ± 1 years, BMI 26.01 ± 2.64 kg⋅m-2, n = 10) and older men (OLDER; 66 ± 5 years, BMI 27.43 ± 3.11 kg⋅m-2, n = 10). Serum samples were taken before and after the HIIT program and NETosis was measured with live cell imaging in donated neutrophils cultured with serum from the participants for 30 h. Our results showed that serum from older men at baseline induced greater baseline NETosis than younger men (p < 0.05; effect size, ≥0.8), and 12 weeks of HIIT significantly reduced (Interaction Effect, p < 0.05; effect size, 0.134) the induction of NETosis in older men. In conclusion, HIIT is a feasible non-invasive training strategy modulating NETosis induction. Additionally, the use of neutrophils as a biosensor is an effective method for the quantification of NETosis induction in real time.

Voluntary Exercise-Mediated Protection in TNBS-Induced Rat Colitis: The Involvement of NETosis and Prdx Antioxidants

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are autoimmune disorders of the gut. It is increasingly clear that voluntary exercise (VE) may exert protection against IBDs, but the exact background mechanism needs to be elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the possible role of NETosis and the antioxidant peroxiredoxin (Prdx) enzyme family in VE-induced protection. Wistar Han rats were randomly divided into two groups: sedentary (SED) and VE. After the 6-week voluntary wheel running, animals were treated with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) as a model of colitis. Here, we found that VE significantly decreased inflammation and ulceration of the colon in the VE TNBS group compared with SED TNBS. We also found that VE significantly decreased the expression of protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and markedly reduced citrullinated histone H3 (citH3) compared with SED TNBS. Furthermore, VE caused a significant increase in the levels of Prdx6 in the control and TNBS groups. Taken together, we found that a prior 6-week VE effectively reduces inflammation in TNBS-induced colitis, and we suggest that the protective effect of VE may be mediated via the inhibition of NETosis and upregulation of Prdx6 antioxidant.

Prevalence of neutropenia in US residents: a population based analysis of NHANES 2011-2018

AIMS

Neutrophils play a pivotal in immunity and inflammation. We aim to investigate the prevalence of neutropenia in the United States.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2011-2018) were enrolled. Demographic information, hematologic measurements, smoking status of all participants were collected for all participants. All statistical analyses were performed utilizing the NHANES survey weights. Covariate-adjusted linear regression was used to compare hematologic indices in different population grouped by age, sex, ethnicity, and smoking. We also employed multivariate-logistic regression to estimate the weighted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and predict the neutropenia risk among.

RESULTS

32,102 participants from NHANES survey were included, represented 286.6 million multiracial population in the United States. Black participants had lower mean leukocyte count (mean difference (MD): 0.71 × 10⁹/L; P < 0.001) and lower neutrophil count (MD: 0.83 × 10⁹/L; P < 0.001) compared with white participants after adjusting for age and sex. Furthermore, t a notable observation was the significant downward shift in the distribution curves of leukocyte count and neutrophil count among black participants. Smokers had a higher mean leukocyte count (MD: 1.10 × 10⁹ cells/L; P < 0.001) and a higher mean neutrophil count (MD: 0.75 × 10⁹ cells/L; P < 0.001) comparing with nonsmokers. The estimated prevalence of neutropenia was 1.24% (95% CI: 1.11 - 1.37%), which corresponds to approximately 35.5 million individuals in the United States. The prevalence of neutropenia in black participants was significantly higher than other races. Results of logistic regression analysis showed that black individuals, male individuals, and children younger than 5 years had a higher risk of neutropenia.

CONCLUSIONS

Neutropenia is more common in the general population than we thought, especially in black individuals and children. More attention should be paid to neutropenia.

Evaluation Method of Public Physical Training Quality Based on Global Topology Optimization Deep Learning Model

In the quality evaluation of public sports training, the selected indicators are not comprehensive, resulting in some errors in the results of quality evaluation. Therefore, this paper designs a public sports training quality evaluation method based on the deep learning model of global topology optimization. Determine the basic principles of public sports training quality evaluation, determine the human coordinate points of public sports training by determining the basic section and basic axis of human training, and extract the data of public sports training quality evaluation. On this basis, quantify the public sports training quality evaluation index, construct the evaluation matrix, calculate the weight of the evaluation index, and determine the importance of the public sports training quality evaluation index. Preprocess the public sports training quality evaluation index set, search the optimal fitness value in the global topology optimization depth learning model, introduce the global topology optimization depth learning model, input the evaluation index and output the evaluation quality results, and realize the quality evaluation of public sports training. The experimental results show that the evaluation method in this paper can improve the accuracy of the evaluation results and is feasible.

Exercise Cuts Both Ways with ROS in Remodifying Innate and Adaptive Responses: Rewiring the Redox Mechanism of the Immune System during Exercise

Nearly all cellular functions depend on redox reactions, including those of immune cells. However, how redox reactions are rearranged to induce an immune response to the entry of pathogens into the host is a complex process. Understanding this scenario will facilitate identification of the roles of specific types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the immune system. Although the detrimental effect of ROS could support the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system also requires a low level of ROS in order to stimulate various molecular functions. The requirements and functions of ROS vary in different cells, including immune cells. Thus, it is difficult to understand the specific ROS types and their targeting functions. Incomplete transfer of electrons to a specific target, along with failure of the antioxidant response, could result in oxidative-damage-related diseases, and oxidative damage is a common phenomenon in most immune disorders. Exercise is a noninvasive means of regulating ROS levels and antioxidant responses. Several studies have shown that exercise alone boosts immune functions independent of redox reactions. Here, we summarize how ROS target various signaling pathways of the immune system and its functions, along with the possible role of exercise in interfering with immune system signaling.