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Agarwal A, Pinto J, Renslo B, Bar-Ad V, Taleei R, Luginbuhl A. Feasibility of collagen matrix tiles with cesium-131 brachytherapy for use in the treatment of head and neck cancer. Brachytherapy 2023; 22:120-124. [PMID: 36369194 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2022.09.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locoregional failure is a unique and challenging problem in head and neck cancer with controversy surrounding the use of re-irradiation in the treatment. We aimed to evaluate the dosimetry and technical parameters in utilizing a collagen matrix with embedded Cesium-131 (Cs-131) radioactive isotope seeds as it relates to dose distribution and dose to carotid artery. METHODS AND MATERIALS Cadaveric feasibility study randomizing Cs-131 strands alone or Cs-131 with collagen matrix to be placed into neck dissection defects. For the dose computation, physicists employed the TG-43 dosimetry calculation algorithm with a point source assumption to compute the dose. Carotid arteries were contoured in MIM-Symphony software and the carotid artery maximum and mean doses were calculated in accordance with TG-43 specifications. Ease of use of collagen matrix tiles on a 7-point Likert scale and mean radiation dose to the carotid artery. RESULTS Ease of use score was higher in collagen matrix compared to stranded seeds with a mean score of 6.3 +/- 1.2 compared to 4.5 +/- 0.87. Time of implantation was statistically significantly, p = 0.031, lower in the collagen matrix group (M = 5.17 min, SD = 4.62) compared to stranded seeds (M = 15.83 min, SD = 3.24). Mean radiation dose to the carotid artery was 62.8 Gy +/- 9.46 in the collagen matrix group compared to 108.2 Gy +/- 55.6 in the traditional Cs-131 seeds group. CONCLUSIONS We present a feasibility and concept cadaveric study using a collagen matrix with Cesium-131 demonstrating preliminary evidence to support its ease of use, decreased time to implantation, and decreased dose delivered to the carotid artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Agarwal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Joseph Pinto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bryan Renslo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Voichita Bar-Ad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Reza Taleei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Adam Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA
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2
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Ward MC, Koyfman SA, Bakst RL, Margalit DN, Beadle BM, Beitler JJ, Chang SSW, Cooper JS, Galloway TJ, Ridge JA, Robbins JR, Sacco AG, Tsai CJ, Yom SS, Siddiqui F. Retreatment of Recurrent or Second Primary Head and Neck Cancer After Prior Radiation: Executive Summary of the American Radium Society® (ARS) Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC): Expert Panel on Radiation Oncology - Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 113:759-786. [PMID: 35398456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Re-treatment of recurrent or second primary head and neck cancers occurring in a previously irradiated field is complex. Few guidelines exist to support practice. METHODS We performed an updated literature search of peer-reviewed journals in a systematic fashion. Search terms, key questions, and associated clinical case variants were formed by panel consensus. The literature search informed the committee during a blinded vote on the appropriateness of treatment options via the modified Delphi method. RESULTS The final number of citations retained for review was 274. These informed five key questions, which focused on patient selection, adjuvant re-irradiation, definitive re-irradiation, stereotactic body radiation (SBRT), and re-irradiation to treat non-squamous cancer. Results of the consensus voting are presented along with discussion of the most current evidence. CONCLUSIONS This provides updated evidence-based recommendations and guidelines for the re-treatment of recurrent or second primary cancer of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Ward
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina; Southeast Radiation Oncology Group, Charlotte, North Carolina.
| | | | | | - Danielle N Margalit
- Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Beth M Beadle
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | | | | | | | | | - John A Ridge
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jared R Robbins
- University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Assuntina G Sacco
- University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - C Jillian Tsai
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sue S Yom
- University of California, San Francisco, California
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3
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Luginbuhl A, Calder A, Kutler D, Zender C, Wise-Draper T, Patel J, Cheng M, Karivedu V, Zhan T, Parashar B, Gulati S, Yao M, Lavertu P, Takiar V, Tang A, Johnson J, Keane W, Curry J, Cognetti D, Bar-Ad V. Multi-Institutional Study Validates Safety of Intraoperative Cesium-131 Brachytherapy for Treatment of Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:786216. [PMID: 34900741 PMCID: PMC8660666 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.786216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Surgery is the primary treatment for resectable, non-metastatic recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We explore the safety and oncologic benefit of intraoperative Cesium-131 (Cs-131) brachytherapy combined with salvage local and/or regional surgical resection. Methods and Materials Findings were reported from a single arm multi-institutional prospective phase 1/2 trial involving surgery plus Cs-131 (surgery + Cs-131) treatment. The results of two retrospective cohorts—surgery alone and surgery plus intensity modulated radiation therapy (surgery + ReIMRT)—were also described. Included patients had recurrent HNSCC and radiation history. Safety, tumor re-occurrence, and survival were evaluated. Results Forty-nine patients were enrolled in the surgery + Cs-131 prospective study. Grade 1 to 3 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 18 patients (37%), and grade 4 AEs occurred in 2 patients. Postoperative percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes were needed in 10 surgery + Cs-131 patients (20%), and wound and vascular complications were observed in 12 patients (24%). No cases of osteoradionecrosis were reported in the surgery + Cs-131 cohort. We found a 49% 2-year disease-free survival at the site of treatment with a substantial number of patients (31%) developing metastatic disease, which led to a 31% overall survival at 5 years. Conclusions Among patients with local/regional recurrent HNSCC status-post radiation, surgery + Cs-131 demonstrated acceptable safety with compelling oncologic outcomes, as compared to historic control cohorts. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifiers NCT02794675 and NCT02467738.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alyssa Calder
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David Kutler
- Department of Otolaryngology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chad Zender
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Trisha Wise-Draper
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jena Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vidhya Karivedu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bhupesh Parashar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shuchi Gulati
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Pierre Lavertu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Vinita Takiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Alice Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William Keane
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joseph Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David Cognetti
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Voichita Bar-Ad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Feng W, Rivard MJ, Carey EM, Hearn RA, Pai S, Nath R, Kim Y, Thomason CL, Boyce DE, Zhang H. Recommendations for intraoperative mesh brachytherapy: Report of AAPM Task Group No. 222. Med Phys 2021; 48:e969-e990. [PMID: 34431524 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesh brachytherapy is a special type of a permanent brachytherapy implant: it uses low-energy radioactive seeds in an absorbable mesh that is sutured onto the tumor bed immediately after a surgical resection. This treatment offers low additional risk to the patient as the implant procedure is carried out as part of the tumor resection surgery. Mesh brachytherapy utilizes identification of the tumor bed through direct visual evaluation during surgery or medical imaging following surgery through radiographic imaging of radio-opaque markers within the sources located on the tumor bed. Thus, mesh brachytherapy is customizable for individual patients. Mesh brachytherapy is an intraoperative procedure involving mesh implantation and potentially real-time treatment planning while the patient is under general anesthesia. The procedure is multidisciplinary and requires the complex coordination of multiple medical specialties. The preimplant dosimetry calculation can be performed days beforehand or expediently in the operating room with the use of lookup tables. In this report, the guidelines of American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) are presented on the physics aspects of mesh brachytherapy. It describes the selection of radioactive sources, design and preparation of the mesh, preimplant treatment planning using a Task Group (TG) 43-based lookup table, and postimplant dosimetric evaluation using the TG-43 formalism or advanced algorithms. It introduces quality metrics for the mesh implant and presents an example of a risk analysis based on the AAPM TG-100 report. Recommendations include that the preimplant treatment plan be based upon the TG-43 dose calculation formalism with the point source approximation, and the postimplant dosimetric evaluation be performed by using either the TG-43 approach, or preferably the newer model-based algorithms (viz., TG-186 report) if available to account for effects of material heterogeneities. To comply with the written directive and regulations governing the medical use of radionuclides, this report recommends that the prescription and written directive be based upon the implanted source strength, not target-volume dose coverage. The dose delivered by mesh implants can vary and depends upon multiple factors, such as postsurgery recovery and distortions in the implant shape over time. For the sake of consistency necessary for outcome analysis, prescriptions based on the lookup table (with selection of the intended dose, depth, and treatment area) are recommended, but the use of more advanced techniques that can account for real situations, such as material heterogeneities, implant geometric perturbations, and changes in source orientations, is encouraged in the dosimetric evaluation. The clinical workflow, logistics, and precautions are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mark J Rivard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Robert A Hearn
- Department of Radiation Physics at Theragenics, Theragenics Corp., Buford, Georgia, USA
| | - Sujatha Pai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ravinder Nath
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yongbok Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Cynthia L Thomason
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Hualin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kharouta M, Zender C, Podder T, Rezaee R, Lavertu P, Fowler N, Thuener J, Li S, Clancy K, Xu Z, Yao M. Permanent Interstitial Cesium-131 Brachytherapy in Treating High-Risk Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer: A Prospective Pilot Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:639480. [PMID: 33816283 PMCID: PMC8012839 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.639480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose/Objectives To establish the feasibility and safety of intraoperative placement of cesium-131 (Cs-131) seeds for re-irradiation in recurrent head and neck cancer (HNC). Methods Patients with resectable recurrent HNC who were deemed to have a high risk of second recurrence were eligible. Immediately after tumor extirpation, seeds were implanted in the surgical bed based on the preoperative treatment plan with intraoperative adjustment. The surgical bed and the seeds were covered with a regional flap or microvascular free flap. A CT of the neck was obtained on postoperative day 1 for evaluation of the postoperative dose distribution. Patients were followed 1 and 3 months after surgery, then every 3 months in the first 2 years. Results From November 2016 to September 2018, 15 patients were recruited and 12 patients received treatment per protocol. For the patients who had implants, the sites of initial recurrence included 10 neck alone, 1 neck and larynx, and 1 neck/peristomal. The median follow-up was 21.4 months. After surgery, patients remained hospitalized for a median of 6 days. There were no high-grade toxicities except two patients with wound complications requiring wound care. Eight patients had recurrences, three locoregional alone, three distant alone, and two with both locoregional and distant recurrences. Only one patient had an in-field failure. Five patients died, with 1- and 2-year overall survival of 75 and 58%. Conclusions Cs-131 implant after surgical resection in recurrent HNC is feasible and safe. There were no unexpected severe toxicities. Most failures were out-of-field or distant. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02794675.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kharouta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Chad Zender
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tarun Podder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rod Rezaee
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Pierre Lavertu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nicole Fowler
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jason Thuener
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shawn Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kate Clancy
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zhengzheng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Sagheer SH, Bornstein J, Bar-Ad V, Cheng M, Cummins A, Cognetti DM, Curry J, Yao M, Lavertu P, Kutler DI, Zender C, Luginbuhl AJ. Adjuvant Cesium-131 Brachytherapy for Patients Intolerant of External Beam Radiation Therapy. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:E2449-E2451. [PMID: 33729580 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Hamad Sagheer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan Bornstein
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Vochita Bar-Ad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Michael Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Andi Cummins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - David M Cognetti
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Joseph Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Pierre Lavertu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - David I Kutler
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Chad Zender
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Adam J Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
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Venkat P, Han J, Demanes DJ. Brachytherapy of the head and neck: An University of California Los Angeles guide to morbidity reduction. Brachytherapy 2021; 20:1014-1040. [PMID: 33487561 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The head and neck (H&N) region is among the most intricate and functional part of our anatomy. Major functional nerves and blood vessels with importance that affect the entire body emanate from the base of skull. Brachytherapy plays an important role as a single modality therapy in early cancer of the lip and oral cavity and a supplemental role in the pharynx or in advanced or recurrent disease. Morbidity in the H&N is intensely personal and disabling. Its avoidance is critical in determining the success or failure of a treatment program, and it is essential to preservation of quality of life. This article summarizes the current literature regarding morbidity related to H&N brachytherapy to aid patients and physicians to achieve optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Venkat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - James Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - D Jeffrey Demanes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Single institution implementation of permanent 131Cs interstitial brachytherapy for previously irradiated patients with resectable recurrent head and neck carcinoma. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2019; 11:227-234. [PMID: 31435429 PMCID: PMC6701381 DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2019.85778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Permanent interstitial brachytherapy is an appealing treatment modality for patients with locoregional recurrent, resectable head and neck carcinoma (HNC), having previously received radiation. Cesium-131 (131Cs) is a permanent implant brachytherapy isotope, with a low average photon energy of 30 keV and a short half-life of 9.7 days. Exposure to medical staff and family members is low; patient isolation and patient room shielding are not required. This work presents a single institution’s implementation process of utilizing an intraoperative, permanent 131Cs implant for patients with completely resected recurrent HNC. Material and methods Fifteen patients receiving 131Cs permanent seed brachytherapy were included in this analysis. The process of pre-planning, selecting the dose prescription, seed ordering, intraoperative procedures, post-implant planning, and radiation safety protocols are described. Results Tumor volumes were contoured on the available preoperative PET/CT scans and a pre-implant treatment plan was created using uniform source strength and uniform 1 cm seed spacing. Implants were performed intraoperatively, following tumor resection. In five of the fifteen cases, intraoperative findings necessitated a change from the planned number of seeds and recalculation of the pre-implant plan. The average prescription dose was 56.1 ±6.6 Gy (range, 40-60 Gy). The average seed strength used was 2.2 ±0.2 U (3.5 ±0.3 mCi). Patients returned to a recovery room on a standard surgical floor and remained inpatients, without radiation safety restrictions, based on standard surgical recovery protocols. A post-implant treatment plan was generated based on immediate post-operative CT imaging to verify the seed distribution and confirm delivery of the prescription dose. Patients were provided educational information regarding radiation safety recommendations. Conclusions Cesium-131 interstitial brachytherapy is feasible and does not pose major radiation safety concerns; it should be considered as a treatment option for previously irradiated patients with recurrent, resectable HNC.
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Walsh A, Hubley E, Doyle L, Cognetti D, Curry J, Bar-Ad V, Luginbuhl A. Carotid dosimetry after re-irradiation with 131Cs permanent implant brachytherapy in recurrent, resected head and neck cancer. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2019; 11:221-226. [PMID: 31447900 PMCID: PMC6701389 DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2019.86298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Permanent seed implant cesium-131 (131Cs) brachytherapy provides highly localized radiation for patients with recurrent head and neck cancer (HNC), who may be ineligible for external beam radiation therapy due to a high-risk of toxicity. As carotid blowout is a concern in the setting of re-irradiation, a dose to the carotid artery was examined for 131Cs brachytherapy implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eleven patients were implanted with 131Cs adjacent to carotid at the time of resection for recurrent HNC. Vascularized tissue flaps were used in some patients. The carotid artery was contoured on the post-implant brachytherapy treatment plan, and the maximum carotid point dose and minimum carotid-seed distances are reported. The incidence of carotid blowout in the follow-up period was also measured. RESULTS The maximum carotid dose was 77 ±52 Gy (range, 3-158 Gy). The closest seed to the carotid artery was 0.8 ±0.8 cm (range, 0.2-2.6 cm). One patient without a flap experienced carotid blowout, which was attributed to a non-healing wound rather than to high radiation doses. CONCLUSIONS Carotid artery doses from 131Cs are reported. Vascularized tissue flaps should be considered when planning 131Cs brachytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Walsh
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Hubley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Doyle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Cognetti
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Voichita Bar-Ad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Wu ZY, Wu WJ, Zheng L, Huang MW, Shi Y, Lv XM, Liu SM, Zhang JG, Zhang J. Efficacy of combined surgery and 125 I seed brachytherapy for treatment of primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland. Head Neck 2019; 41:3219-3225. [PMID: 31116488 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the effectiveness and safety of surgery combined with postoperative 125 I seed brachytherapy for treatment of primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the parotid gland. METHODS Retrospective analysis of data of patients with MEC (n = 108) treated with surgery plus postoperative 125 I seed brachytherapy between 2004 and 2016. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), local control rate (LCR), distant metastasis, and radiation-associated toxicities were analyzed, and factors affecting outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS The 5- and 10-year OS were 98.8% and 95.8%, respectively. The DFS and LCR at 5 and 10 years were all 91.4%. Age ≥ 60 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.54-30.55) and T4 disease (HR = 7.15, 95% CI: 1.40-36.52) were poor prognostic factors. Acute radiation-associated toxicities were minor. CONCLUSION Surgery plus 125 I seed brachytherapy appears to be an effective treatment for parotid gland MEC, capable of providing satisfactory outcomes with few complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jie Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Wei Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Lv
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Ming Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Hubley E, Trager M, Bar-Ad V, Luginbuhl A, Doyle L. A nomogram to determine required seed air kerma strength in planar 131Cesium permanent seed implant brachytherapy. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2019; 11:91-98. [PMID: 30911315 PMCID: PMC6431101 DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2019.82716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intraoperatively implanted Cesium-131 (131Cs) permanent seed brachytherapy is used to deliver highly localized re-irradiation in recurrent head and neck cancers. A single planar implant of uniform air kerma strength (AKS) seeds and 10 mm seed-to-seed spacing is used to deliver the prescribed dose to a point 5 mm or 10 mm perpendicular to the center of the implant plane. Nomogram tables to quickly determine the required AKS for rectangular and irregularly shaped implants were created and dosimetrically verified. By eliminating the need for a full treatment planning system plan, nomogram tables allow for fast dose calculation for intraoperative re-planning and for a second check method. MATERIAL AND METHODS TG-43U1 recommended parameters were used to create a point-source model in MATLAB. The dose delivered to the prescription point from a single 1 U seed at each possible location in the implant plane was calculated. Implant tables were verified using an independent seed model in MIM Symphony LDR™. Implant tables were used to retrospectively determine seed AKS for previous cases: three rectangular and three irregular. RESULTS For rectangular implants, the percent difference between required seed AKS calculated using MATLAB and MIM was at most 0.6%. For irregular implants, the percent difference between MATLAB and MIM calculations for individual seed locations was within 1.5% with outliers of less than 3.1% at two distal locations (10.6 cm and 8.8 cm), which have minimal dose contribution to the prescription point. The retrospectively determined AKS for patient implants using nomogram tables agreed with previous calculations within 5% for all six cases. CONCLUSIONS Nomogram tables were created to determine required AKS per seed for planar uniform AKS 131Cs implants. Comparison with the treatment planning system confirms dosimetric accuracy that is acceptable for use as a second check or for dose calculation in cases of intraoperative re-planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hubley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Trager
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Voichita Bar-Ad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadlephia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Doyle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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A systematic review of treating recurrent head and neck cancer: a reintroduction of brachytherapy with or without surgery. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2018; 10:454-462. [PMID: 30479623 PMCID: PMC6251444 DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2018.79399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To review brachytherapy use in recurrent head and neck carcinoma (RHNC) with focus on its efficacy and complication rates. Material and methods A literature search of PubMed, Ovid, Google Scholar, and Scopus was conducted from 1990 to 2017. Publications describing treatment of RHNC with brachytherapy with or without surgery were included. The focus of this review is on oncologic outcomes and the safety of brachytherapy in the recurrent setting. Results Thirty studies involving RHNC treatment with brachytherapy were reviewed. Brachytherapy as adjunctive treatment to surgical resection appears to be associated with an improved local regional control and overall survival, when compared with the published rates for re-irradiation utilizing external beam radiotherapy (RT) or brachytherapy alone. Safety data remains variable with different isotopes and dose rates with implantable brachytherapy demonstrating a tolerable side effect profile. Conclusions Although surgery remains a mainstay treatment for RHNC, intraoperative interstitial brachytherapy delivery as adjunctive therapy may improve the treatment outcome and may be associated with fewer complication rates as compared to reirradiation using external beam radiotherapy. Further investigations are required to elucidate the role of brachytherapy for RHNC.
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Clinical outcomes with high-dose-rate surface mould brachytherapy for intra-oral and skin malignancies involving head and neck region. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2017; 9:242-250. [PMID: 28725248 PMCID: PMC5509977 DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2017.66773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The literature and experience of high-dose-rate (HDR) surface mould brachytherapy (SMB) in head and neck cancer is sparse. We report our institutional experience of SMB for such tumours. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-five patients with malignant localized early T1/T2, N0 (21 intra-oral and 14 skin) tumours treated with SMB during 2008-2014 were analyzed. Treatment was delivered using HDR 192Ir source to a median dose of 49 Gy (range, 38.5-52.5 Gy) as radical brachytherapy and 18 Gy (range, 15.5-30 Gy) as boost with 3-4 Gy/fraction twice daily using customized surface mould. RESULTS Median follow-up was 52 months (range, 6 to 98 months). Local control (LC) for skin tumours and intra-oral malignancies at 5 years were 92% and 76%, respectively. Five-year cause specific survival was 92%. For T1 and T2 tumours, 5 year LC was 94.2% and 68.2%, respectively. T stage (p < 0.04) and dose/fractions (p < 0.003) were the only significant prognostic factors for LC on univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Surface mould brachytherapy results in excellent LC rates for skin tumours and T1 intraoral tumours when considered as radical treatment, and preferable to consider it as a boost for T2 intraoral tumours. Surface mould brachytherapy results in excellent organ and function preservation.
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Neither high-dose nor low-dose brachytherapy increases flap morbidity in salvage treatment of recurrent head and neck cancer. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2016; 8:308-12. [PMID: 27648084 PMCID: PMC5018532 DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2016.61976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose While brachytherapy is often used concurrently with flap reconstruction following surgical ablation for head and neck cancer, it remains unclear whether it increases morbidity in the particularly high risk subset of patients undergoing salvage treatment for recurrent head and neck cancer (RH&NC). Material and methods A retrospective chart review was undertaken that evaluated patients with RH&NC who underwent flap coverage after surgical re-resection and concomitant brachytherapy. The primary endpoint was flap viability, and the secondary endpoints were flap and recipient site complications. Results In the 23 subjects included in series, flap viability and skin graft take was 100%. Overall recipient site complication rate was 34.8%, high-dose radiation (HDR) group 50%, and low-dose radiation (LDR) group 29.4%. There was no statistically significant difference between these groups. Conclusions In patients who undergo flap reconstruction and immediate postoperative radiotherapy following salvage procedures for RH&NC, flap coverage of defects in combination with brachytherapy remains a safe and effective means of providing stable soft tissue coverage.
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