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Primary Melanoma of the Lung: A Systematic Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56110576. [PMID: 33142971 PMCID: PMC7693850 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56110576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The respiratory apparatus, generally affected by highly aggressive tumors like lung cancer and mesothelioma, is rarely affected by primary malignant melanoma. The aim of this review was to identify cases of primary malignant melanoma of the lung (PMML) published in the modern scientific literature, and to describe their main clinical, pathological and therapeutic features. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of publications in the electronic database PubMed has been performed using keywords, and the references of the selected articles were checked to identify additional missing studies. Results: Globally 52 papers reporting on 76 cases were identified. Among them there were 47 reports of a single case, three papers reporting on two cases each, and two larger case series published in 1997 and 2005 including eight and 15 cases, respectively. Conclusions: PMML was generally diagnosed in middle-aged males, without any apparent correlation with cigarette smoking. It was more frequently found in the lower lobes and the left lung. The tumors were generally pigmented, composed by epithelial and/or spindle cells with large nuclei and prominent nucleoli, nuclear atypia, and numerous mitotic figures; they commonly showed immunostaining for S-100, HMB 45 and Melan-A. Early detection and surgical resection were the main determinants of survival from this rare malignancy.
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Deng S, Sun X, Zhu Z, Lu J, Wen G, Chang X, Gao H, Hua Y, Wang L, Gao J. Primary malignant melanoma of the lung: a case report and literature review. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:94. [PMID: 32303211 PMCID: PMC7165392 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-1140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant melanoma (MM) generally presents as a primary neoplasm of the skin, and most MM cases of the respiratory system are metastatic. Primary MM of the lung (PMML) is quite rare, and its diagnosis is relatively difficult. Case presentation We report the case of a 57-year-old male patient with PMML who denied any history of tumours. His initial complaint was frequent coughs with bloody sputum for 4 days. Chest radiography demonstrated a high-density shadow in the lower lobe of the right lung, which was suspected to be a large space-occupying lesion on subsequent computed tomography (CT) and to be a hypermetabolic tumour by positron emission tomography–CT. To confirm the diagnosis, exploratory surgery was performed. Finally, we confirmed the diagnosis of PMML. Conclusions PMML is extremely rare and easily misdiagnosed as lung cancer. Because of its morphological and immunophenotypic variations, the diagnosis of PMML remains difficult. This case report discusses the diagnosis and case management of a patient while referring to the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Deng
- Department of Pathology Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, #150 Jimo Road, Pudong, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Department of Pathology Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, #150 Jimo Road, Pudong, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Department of Pathology Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, #150 Jimo Road, Pudong, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Guanghua Wen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuejiao Chang
- Department of Pathology Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, #150 Jimo Road, Pudong, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pathology Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, #150 Jimo Road, Pudong, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Hua
- Department of Pathology Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, #150 Jimo Road, Pudong, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Lumei Wang
- Department of Pathology Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, #150 Jimo Road, Pudong, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinli Gao
- Department of Pathology Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, #150 Jimo Road, Pudong, 200120, Shanghai, China.
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Figueroa Rodriguez F, Uddin A, Nasr J. Primary Pulmonary Malignant Melanoma Found While Evaluating New Onset Cough: A Case Presentation and Literature Review. Case Rep Pulmonol 2019; 2019:3867831. [PMID: 31093406 PMCID: PMC6481098 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3867831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a nonepithelial neoplasm of melanocytes. It is tremendously rare for this condition to primarily involve the respiratory tract, accounting only for 0.01% of the lung malignancies. It often presents as a solitary nodule provoking mass effect and/or obstructive symptom. It most commonly affects patients 50 years old and older, with no gender predilection. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice; nevertheless, chemotherapy or radiation might be necessary depending on tumor location and/or metastasis status. Recently, biochemotherapy and immunotherapy have emerged as promising treatment modalities. We present a case of Primary Pulmonary Malignant Melanoma (PPMM) in a 76-year-old male with no previous personal or family history of cancer who presented with new onset nonproductive cough. We also present an analysis with high yield points summarizing clinical features, diagnostic workup, and management of PPMM. Finally, we post a table summarizing all the cases ever reported in English literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahsan Uddin
- Department of Internal Medicine-Pediatrics, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Justine Nasr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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Primary Pulmonary Malignant Melanoma: Report of an Important Entity and Literature Review. Case Rep Oncol Med 2017; 2017:8654326. [PMID: 28352484 PMCID: PMC5352873 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8654326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma involving the respiratory tract is nearly always metastatic in origin, and primary tumors are extremely rare. Published data on primary pulmonary malignant melanomas are limited. Up to now 40 relevant cases have been reported in the English literature. Herein, we report a case of a 56-year-old female patient who presented with intracranial metastases due to primary pulmonary melanoma. She underwent bronchoscopy and died 5 months after the initial diagnosis despite the administered biochemotherapy and subsequent immunotherapy. To establish the diagnosis of primary pulmonary malignant melanoma, any extrapulmonary origin was excluded by detailed examination and radiographic imaging. Moreover, an extensive review of the literature regarding this rare entity has been performed.
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