Diet and Helicobacter pylori infection

Natural foods resources and dietary ingredients for the amelioration of Helicobacter pylori infection

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gastric-persistent pathogen that can cause peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. This pathogen is commonly treated with antibiotic-based triple or quadruple therapy. However, antibiotic therapy could result in the bacterial resistance, imbalance of gut microbiota, and damage to the liver and kidneys, etc. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Interestingly, natural food resources, like vegetables, fruits, spices, and edible herbs, have potent inhibitory effects on H. pylori. In this review, we systematically summarized these foods with supporting evidence from both animal and clinical studies. The results have indicated that natural foods may possess temporary inhibition effect on H. pylori rather than durable eradication, and may help to reduce H. pylori colonization, enhance the effect of antibiotics and modulate the host's immune response.

Association between Dietary Habits and Helicobacter pylori Infection among Bahraini Adults

Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) infection is the main bacterial cause of several gastrointestinal disorders. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of H. pylori infection in a population of Bahraini adults seeking care in gastroenterology clinics in a tertiary care hospital in the Kingdom of Bahrain and examine the association between dietary habits and other factors with H. pylori infection. The study is a hospital-based retrospective, cross-sectional analytical study that included 200 participants. H. pylori infection prevalence among the studied group was 55.5%, and it was significantly higher among participants with a high school education or less (44.1%). Among dietary habits, the mean of frequency of green tea, coffee and honey intake was significantly lower among the H. pylori infected participants compared to their non-infected counterparts. H. pylori infection was significantly higher among participants with vitamin D deficiency (63.6%) compared to participants with normal vitamin D (30%) (p = 0.001) and each unit decrease in serum vitamin D was associated with an increased risk of infection by 1.1 times (OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.18; p < 0.001). The study revealed that high educational levels, consumption of honey, green tea, and coffee, as well as normal serum vitamin D level, were independent protectors against H. pylori infection. Additional studies are needed to estimate the prevalence and predisposing factors of H. pylori infection in the general population.

Zinc carnosine-based modified bismuth quadruple therapy vs standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A randomized controlled study

BACKGROUND

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a worldwide problem with increasing burden on the health sector due to its increasing rate of resistance. The conventional triple therapy (TT) is becoming obsolete with a high failure rate of eradication, necessitating the need for better alternatives or regimens.

AIM

To investigate H. pylori eradication rate of TT vs modified bismuth quadruple therapy.

METHODS

Ninety-two patients with dyspepsia symptoms and positive ¹³C-urea breath test were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group (control group) was treated for 14 d using standard TT protocol: Esomeprazole (40 mg twice daily), amoxicillin (1 g twice daily) and clarithromycin (500 mg twice daily). On the other hand, the second group was prescribed a 10-d course of modified bismuth quadruple therapy fortified with zinc carnosine: TT in addition to bismuth subcitrate (240 mg twice daily) and zinc carnosine (75 mg twice daily). A repeated ¹³C-urea breath test was done 4 wk after the completion of the eradication therapy.

RESULTS

Among the 92 subjects, 67.4% were males and 32.6% were females. There were no differences in demographic characteristics (age, body mass index, smoking history, previous antibiotics use and ethnicity) between the modified bismuth quadruple therapy group and TT group. The eradication rate was higher [93.5% (43/46)] in the modified bismuth quadruple therapy group compared to 69.6% (32/46) in the standard TT group (P = 0.003). Of the tested predictor variables, only nationality, smoking and therapy type were statistically significant. Besides dizziness, which was recorded in modified bismuth quadruple therapy group, there were no significant differences in side effects between the two groups.

CONCLUSION

Ten days of modified bismuth quadruple therapy fortified with zinc carnosine is superior to 14 d of conventional TT in eradicating H. pylori infection, with no additional significant adverse events.

Impact of Dietary Patterns on H. pylori Infection and the Modulation of Microbiota to Counteract Its Effect. A Narrative Review

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the stomach and can induce gastric disease and intra-gastric lesions, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. This bacterium is responsible for long-term complications of gastric disease. The conjunction of host genetics, immune response, bacterial virulence expression, diet, micronutrient availability, and microbiome structure influence the disease outcomes related to chronic H. pylori infection. In this regard, the consumption of unhealthy and unbalanced diets can induce microbial dysbiosis, which infection with H. pylori may contribute to. However, to date, clinical trials have reported controversial results and current knowledge in this field is inconclusive. Here, we review preclinical studies concerning the changes produced in the microbiota that may be related to H. pylori infection, as well as the involvement of diet. We summarize and discuss the last approaches based on the modulation of the microbiota to improve the negative impact of H. pylori infection and their potential translation from bench to bedside.

New Insights into Oral Cancer-Risk Factors and Prevention: A Review of Literature

The oral cancer constitutes 48% of head and neck cancer cases. Ninety percent of oral cancer cases are histologically diagnosed as oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Despite new management strategies, the 5-year survival rate of oral cancer is still below 50% in most countries. Head and neck cancers are heterogeneous tumors, and this characteristic of them provides a challenge to treatment plan. Due to the poor outcomes in oral cancer, prevention is a necessity. In this review, a relevant English Literature search in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar from 2000 to mid-2018 was performed. All published articles related to oral cancer and its prevention were included. The risk factors of oral cancer and strategies of oral cancer prevention will be discussed.

Effects of Concurrent Omega-3 and Cranberry Juice Consumption Along with Standard Antibiotic Therapy on the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Some Serum Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers in Adults with Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND

It seems alternative treatments such as antioxidant intervention and anti-inflammatory intervention adjuvant to antibiotic regimens may enhance cancer prevention approaches and decrease adverse side effects related to therapeutic antibiotic regimens. So, we will evaluate the effects of concurrent omega-3 and cranberry juice supplementation along with standard antibiotic therapy on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, gastrointestinal symptoms, some serum inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in adults with HP infection.

METHODS

We will conduct a 4-week double-blinded randomized clinical trial. The subjects will be randomly stratified according to sex and BMI using a permuted block randomization procedure by Random Allocation Software (RAS). They will be assigned to one of the four study groups: (1) cranberry juice fortified with omega-3 Intervention (n=23), (2) cranberry juice intervention group (n=23), (3) placebo beverage fortified with omega-3 intervention group (n=23), and (4) placebo beverage intervention (control group) (n=23). All statistical analyses will be performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software.

DISCUSSION

A combination of alternative therapies may have a synergistic effect compared to a single approach. It could potentially be more effective in promoting the efficacy of standard antibiotic therapy in eradicating HP infection.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20151128025274N3, www.irct.ir/trial/28997).

TRIAL STATUS

This study is in the early stages of sampling.

Extra precision glide docking, free energy calculation and molecular dynamics studies of 1,2-diarylethane derivatives as potent urease inhibitors

For the latter half of the twentieth century, most medical professionals considered bacterial infection to be a primary cause of gastrointestinal ulcers in human beings. In 1994, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized Helicobacter pylori, the bacterium most closely linked to ulcer development, as a type I carcinogen. Biological research has shown that there is a positive correlation between the number of species in the Helicobacter genus and the number of medical conditions associated with Helicobacter infection, both of which are increasing rapidly. N-Benzylaniline derivatives, frequently used in industrial manufacturing, are being considered as a strong candidate for ongoing drug modeling in search of novel therapies. The basic goal behind this study was to determine the potency of experimentally proved data, and to determine favorable substituents to enhance potency, and thereafter to support this finding through theoretical modification of the existing base skeleton by addition of suitable substituents. Ligands were investigated thoroughly by paying attention to the urease-inhibitory properties present in the selected series. Initially, docking was performed on ligands with protein to produce efficient docking poses. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were also performed to precisely understand the interactions between ligands and proteins. Thereafter, MM-GBSA was used in order to validate the methods and results. Good interaction was observed with amino acids Arg338, Ala169, Asp223, His322, and Asn168. This study also revealed that the electron rich hydroxyl group (-OH) substituent plays an important role during bond formation. In addition, various hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and pi-pi stacking bonds make significant contributions towards urease inhibition. Therefore, further research utilizing electron-rich moieties may lead to novel and efficacious urease inhibitors.

Effect of evidence-based nursing on quality of life and nutritional indicators in patients with gastric ulcer

AIM

To investigate the influence of evidence-based nursing on the quality of life and nutritional status in patients with gastric ulcer.

METHODS

From May 2015 to May 2017, 70 patients diagnosed with gastric ulcer by gastroscopy were randomly divided into a control group (35 cases) and an observation group (35 cases). The two groups of patients were treated with the same drugs. Patients in the control group underwent traditional care and those in the observation group underwent evidence-based care. After nursing care, the quality of life, nutritional indicators, satisfaction with nursing care, and therapeutic effect were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

After treatment, the score of the quality of life scale (including seven dimensions) was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05), and the levels of serum albumin and prealbumin increased significantly (P < 0.05). The rate of satisfaction with nursing care was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (94% vs 86%, P < 0.05). The effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (97.14% vs 86.71%, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Evidence-based nursing care can increase patients' satisfaction with nursing and effectively improve the quality of life and nutritional status in patients with gastric ulcer.

Dietary habits and Helicobacter pylori infection: a cross sectional study at a Lebanese hospital

BACKGROUND

To examine the association between dietary habits and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection among patients at a tertiary healthcare center in Lebanon.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 294 patients in 2016, at a hospital in Northern Lebanon. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to collect information on socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics; dietary habits were ascertained via a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). H. pylori status (positive vs. negative) was determined after upper GI endoscopy where gastric biopsy specimens from the antrum, body, and fundus region were collected and then sent for pathology analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify the association between socio-demographic, lifestyle, dietary and other health-related variables with H pylori infection.

RESULTS

The prevalence of H. pylori infection was found to be 52.4% in this sample. Results of the multivariable analysis showed that H. pylori infection risk was higher among participants with a university education or above (OR = 2.74; CI = 1.17-6.44), those with a history of peptic ulcers (OR = 3.80; CI = 1.80-8.01), gastric adenocarcinoma (OR = 3.99; CI = 1.35-11.83) and vitamin D level below normal (OR = 29.14; CI = 11.77-72.13). In contrast, hyperglycemia was protective against H. pylori (OR = 0.18; CI = 0.03-0.89). No relationship between dietary habits and H. pylori infection was found in the adjusted analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

Socio-demographic and clinical variables are found to be associated with H. pylori, but not with dietary factors. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of diet on H. pylori risk.