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Ramli, Aramaki T, Watanabe M, Kondo S. Piezo1 mutant zebrafish as a model of idiopathic scoliosis. Front Genet 2024; 14:1321379. [PMID: 38259612 PMCID: PMC10801085 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1321379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves sideways, unique to humans due to their upright posture. However, the cause of this disease is not well understood because it is challenging to find a model for experimentation. This study aimed to create a model for human idiopathic scoliosis by manipulating the function of mechanosensitive channels called Piezo channels in zebrafish. Zebrafish were chosen because they experience similar biomechanical forces to humans, particularly in relation to the role of mechanical force in scoliosis progression. Here we describe piezo1 and piezo2a are involved in bone formation, with a double knockout resulting in congenital systemic malformations. However, an in-frame mutation of piezo1 led to fully penetrant juvenile-onset scoliosis, bone asymmetry, reduced tissue mineral density, and abnormal intervertebral discs-resembling non-congenital scoliosis symptoms in humans. These findings suggest that functional Piezo channels responding to mechanical forces are crucial for bone formation and maintaining spine integrity, providing insights into skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramli
- Laboratory of Pattern Formation, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Aramaki
- Laboratory of Pattern Formation, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Watanabe
- Laboratory of Pattern Formation, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kondo
- Laboratory of Pattern Formation, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Zheng Y, Shen P, Tong M, Li H, Ren C, Wu F, Li H, Yang H, Cai B, Du W, Zhao X, Yao S, Quan R. WISP2 downregulation inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in congenital scoliosis by regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166783. [PMID: 37302424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are instrumental in bone development, metabolism, and marrow microenvironment homeostasis. Despite this, the relevant effects and mechanisms of BMSCs on congenital scoliosis (CS) remain undefined. Herein, it becomes our focus to reveal the corresponding effects and mechanisms implicated. METHODS BMSCs from CS patients (hereafter referred as CS-BMSCs) and healthy donors (NC-BMSCs) were observed and identified. Differentially expressed genes in BMSCs were analyzed utilizing scRNA-seq and RNA-seq profiles. The multi-differentiation potential of BMSCs following the transfection or infection was evaluated. The expression levels of factors related to osteogenic differentiation and Wnt/β-catenin pathway were further determined as appropriate. RESULTS A decreased osteogenic differentiation ability was shown in CS-BMSCs. Both the proportion of LEPR+ BMSCs and the expression level of WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 2 (WISP2) were decreased in CS-BMSCs. WISP2 knockdown suppressed the osteogenic differentiation of NC-BMSCs, while WISP2 overexpression facilitated the osteogenesis of CS-BMSCs via acting on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study collectively indicates WISP2 knockdown blocks the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in CS by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, thus providing new insights into the aetiology of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Panyang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengsha Tong
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangchao Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Conglin Ren
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqing Wu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanyu Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shasha Yao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Renfu Quan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Research Institute of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Rubin J, Cleveland RJ, Padovano A, Hu D, Styner M, Sanders J. Lumbar Scoliosis in Postmenopausal Women Increases with Age but is not Associated with Osteoporosis. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab018. [PMID: 33855252 PMCID: PMC8023369 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The contribution of lumbar scoliosis to osteoporosis is unknown. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to determine the prevalence and relationship of lumbar scoliosis to osteoporosis in aging women. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis used dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of randomly selected groups of postmenopausal women (64-68, 74-78, and 84-88 years; N = 300 each) in a university teaching hospital from 2014 to 2019. Lumbar Cobb angle was tested for an association to femoral neck (FN), total hip (TH), and spine T score, age, weight, and ethnicity. Logistic regression tested an association between scoliosis (Cobb angle > 10°) and osteoporosis (T score ≤ -2.5). Available sequential DXA scans (N = 51) were analyzed for changes in Cobb angle using a linear mixed model of these longitudinal data. RESULTS Osteoporosis and Cobb angle both increased with age: from 22% and 4.4 (SD = 7.8) respectively in 64- to 68-year-olds to 32.9% and to 9.7 (SD = 9.2) in women age 84 to 88 years. The prevalence of clinically significant scoliosis rose from 11.5% in the youngest group, to 27.3% and 39.4% in the age 74 to 78 and 84 to 88 cohorts, respectively. Cobb angle increased 0.7° per year of follow-up. After adjusting for covariates, there was no significant association between T scores at any site (TH, FN, or spine) and Cobb angle. CONCLUSION Based on screening DXAs, the incidence and degree of lumbar scoliosis increases significantly in women between age 65 and 85 years. There was no association between the incidence of lumbar scoliosis and FN bone density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Rubin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Rebecca J Cleveland
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Alexander Padovano
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - David Hu
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Maya Styner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - James Sanders
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
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Kim HJ, Dash A, Cunningham M, Schwab F, Dowdell J, Harrison J, Zaworski C, Krez A, Lafage V, Agarwal S, Carlson B, McMahon DJ, Stein EM. Patients with abnormal microarchitecture have an increased risk of early complications after spinal fusion surgery. Bone 2021; 143:115731. [PMID: 33157283 PMCID: PMC9518007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spine fusion is one of the most common orthopedic surgeries, with more than 400,000 cases performed annually. While these procedures correct debilitating pain and deformities, complications occur in up to 45%. As successful fusion rests upon early stability of hardware in bone, patients with structural skeletal deficits may be at particular risk for complications. Few studies have investigated this relationship, and none have used higher order imaging to evaluate microstructural mechanisms for complications. Standard DXA measurements are subject to artifact in patients with spinal disease and therefore provide limited information. The goal of this prospective study was to investigate pre-operative bone quality as a risk factor for early post-operative complications using high resolution peripheral QCT (HR-pQCT) measurements of volumetric BMD (vBMD) and microarchitecture. We hypothesized that patients with low vBMD and abnormal microarchitecture at baseline would have more skeletal complications post-operatively. Conversely, we hypothesized that pre-operative DXA measurements would not be predictive of complications. Fifty-four subjects (mean age 63 years, BMI 27 kg/m2) were enrolled pre-operatively and followed for 6 months after multi-level lumbar spine fusion. Skeletal complications occurred in 14 patients. Patients who developed complications were of similar age and BMI to those who did not. Baseline areal BMD and Trabecular Bone Score by DXA did not differ. In contrast, HR-pQCT revealed that patients who developed complications had lower trabecular vBMD, fewer and thinner trabeculae at both the radius and tibia, and thinner tibial cortices. In summary, abnormalities of both trabecular and cortical microarchitecture were associated the development of complications within the first six months following spine fusion surgery. Our results suggest a mechanism for early skeletal complications after fusion. Given the burgeoning number of fusion surgeries, further studies are necessary to investigate strategies that may improve bone quality and lower the risk of post-operative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jo Kim
- Spine Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Alexander Dash
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Disease Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Matthew Cunningham
- Spine Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Frank Schwab
- Spine Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - James Dowdell
- Spine Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Harrison
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Disease Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Caroline Zaworski
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Disease Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Krez
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Disease Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Virginie Lafage
- Spine Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Sanchita Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Brandon Carlson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Donald J McMahon
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Disease Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Emily M Stein
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Disease Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America.
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Ifon DE, Ghatas MP, Davis JC, Khalil RE, Adler RA, Gorgey AS. Long-term effect of intrathecal baclofen treatment on bone health and body composition after spinal cord injury: A case matched report. World J Orthop 2020; 11:453-464. [PMID: 33134108 PMCID: PMC7582109 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v11.i10.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe spasticity may negatively impact functionality and quality of life after spinal cord injury (SCI). Intrathecal baclofen treatment (IBT) is effectively used to manage severe spasticity and reduce comorbidities. However, long-term IBT may have a negative effect on bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition (such as percentage fat mass and lean body mass). We demonstrated the negative effects of long-term IBT use in a single case compared with two non-IBT users. CASE SUMMARY A 46-year old Caucasian male Veteran (case) with a 21 year history of complete tetraplegia (complete C6 SCI) was implanted with IBT for 20 years. The case was matched to two participants with different time since injuries [2 (match 1) and 13 (match 2) years] without IBT. Knee BMC and BMD at the epiphysis and metaphysis of the distal femur and proximal tibia were evaluated using dual knee and the dual femur modules of GE Lunar iDXA software. Total and leg body composition assessments were also conducted for the three participants. Potential effect of long-term IBT was demonstrated by changes in BMD, consistent with bone demineralization, at the distal femur and proximal tibia and changes in percentage fat mass and lean mass of legs. The case showed 113% lower BMD at the distal femur, and 78.1% lower at the proximal tibia compared to match 1, moreover the case showed 45% lower BMD at the distal femur, and no observed changes at the proximal tibia compared to match 2. The case had 27.1% and 16.5% greater leg %fat mass compared to match 1 and match 2, respectively. Furthermore, the case had 17.4% and 11.8% lower % leg lean mass compared to match 1 and match 2, respectively. CONCLUSION Long-term IBT may impact bone health and body composition parameters in persons with complete SCI. It may be prudent to encourage regular screening of individuals on long-term IBT considering the prevalence of osteoporosis related fractures, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora E Ifon
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA 23249, United States
| | - Mina P Ghatas
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA 23249, United States
| | - John C Davis
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA 23249, United States
| | - Refka E Khalil
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA 23249, United States
| | - Robert A Adler
- Medical Service, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA 23249, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Ashraf S Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA 23249, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
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