Intensity of recreational physical activity in different life periods in relation to breast cancer among women in the region of Western Pomerania

Impact of Screening on Breast Cancer Incidence in Kazakhstan: Results of Component Analysis

OBJECTIVE

The study is to conduct a component analysis of the dynamics of the incidence of BC (BC) in Kazakhstan, taking into account regions.

METHODS

Primary data were for registered patients with BC (ICD 10 - C50) in the whole country during the period of 2009-2018. Evaluation of changes in BC incidence in the population of Kazakhstan was performed using component analysis according to the methodological recommendations.

RESULTS

The study period, 40,199 new cases of BC were recorded. The incidence rate increased from 39.5 (2009) to 49.6 in 2018 and the overall growth was 2.8 per 100,000 population of female, including due to the age structure - ∑ΔA=+2.99, due to the risk of acquiring illness - ∑ΔR=+6.82 and their combined effect - ∑ΔRA=+0.31. The component analysis revealed that the increase in the number of patients with BC was mainly due to the growth of the population (ΔP=+31.1%), changes in its age structure (ΔA=+18.0%) and changes associated with the risk of acquiring illness (ΔR=+41.0%). The increase in the number of patients in the regions of the republic is associated with the influence of demographic factors and with risk factors for getting sick, including mammographic screening.

CONCLUSION

Thus, as a result of the component analysis, the role of the influence of demographic factors and the risk of acquiring illness on the formation of the number of patients and the incidence of BC was evaluated, while geographical variability was established. This research was the first epidemiological study of the dynamics of BC in the regional context by the method of component analysis in the population of Kazakhstan. The implementation of the results of this study is recommended in management of anticancer activities for BC.

Body Composition in Women after Radical Mastectomy

The aim of the study was to analyse the body composition among women after radical mastectomy. The body compositions of 30 women after radical mastectomy (study group) were compared with those of 30 healthy females (control group). The method of electrical bioimpedance was used to analyse body composition. The significant differences between the groups, unfavourable for women, following mastectomy concerned body mass (p = 0.021), BMI (p = 0.049), fat mass (%) (p = 0.007), fat mass (kg) (p = 0.005), total body water (%) (p = 0.002), left upper limb fat mass (p = 0.013) as well as right upper limb fat mass (p = 0.022). The body composition of women after radical mastectomy was significantly worse compared to the control group. The majority of subjects were overweight and had high levels of body fat. Abnormal body composition is a modifiable risk factor of breast cancer; therefore, improving lifestyle is important in the prevention and treatment of this disease. There is a need for education, dietary supervision and physical activity in women following radical mastectomy. The innovation of our study was the use of the modern bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method, which does not cause ionisation and is a gold standard in the field of body composition analysis. In future research, we plan to broaden the assessment of lifestyle and the significance of diet and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.