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Naylor K, Hislop J, Torres K, Mani ZA, Goniewicz K. The Impact of Script Concordance Testing on Clinical Decision-Making in Paramedic Education. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:282. [PMID: 38275562 PMCID: PMC10815909 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effectiveness of the Script Concordance Test (SCT) in enhancing clinical reasoning skills within paramedic education. Focusing on the Medical University of Lublin, we evaluated the SCT's application across two cohorts of paramedic students, aiming to understand its potential to improve decision-making skills in emergency scenarios. Our approach, informed by Van der Vleuten's assessment framework, revealed that while the SCT's correlation with traditional methods like multiple-choice questions (MCQs) was limited, its formative nature significantly contributed to improved performance in summative assessments. These findings suggest that the SCT can be an effective tool in paramedic training, particularly in strengthening cognitive abilities critical for emergency responses. The study underscores the importance of incorporating innovative assessment tools like SCTs in paramedic curricula, not only to enhance clinical reasoning but also to prepare students for effective emergency responses. Our research contributes to the ongoing efforts in refining paramedic education and highlights the need for versatile assessment strategies in preparing future healthcare professionals for diverse clinical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Naylor
- Independent Unit of Emergency Medical Services and Specialist Emergency, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 7, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jane Hislop
- Clinical Education, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK;
| | - Kamil Torres
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin Poland, Chodźki 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Zakaria A. Mani
- Nursing College, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Krzysztof Goniewicz
- Department of Security Studies, Polish Air Force University, 08-521 Dęblin, Poland;
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Del Campo Rivas MN, Silva-Ríos AP. Prueba de concordancia de guiones para entrenar el razonamiento clínico en estudiantes de fonoaudiología. REVISTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN LOGOPEDIA 2023. [DOI: 10.5209/rlog.80748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
La prueba de concordancia de guiones (PCG) ha sido utilizada en el entrenamiento y evaluación del razonamiento clínico (RC) como una estrategia innovadora en la formación de profesionales. Sin embargo, no se dispone de evidencia de su aplicación en el pregrado de fonoaudiología. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el desempeño y la percepción de estudiantes de fonoaudiología con respecto al uso de scripts. Se diseñó un piloto pre-experimental y multicéntrico, complementado con tres grupos focales. Las variables cuantitativas continuas fueron resumidas a través de medias y desviación estándar. La comparación entre grupos se ejecutó con Anova one way y la prueba post hoc de Bonferroni, considerando un nivel de significancia p<.05. La fase cualitativa incorporó un análisis de contenido mediante la codificación abierta de textos y la identificación e interpretación de familias de significado emergentes. El rendimiento promedio de los estudiantes fue de 4.03 (DS= 0.35), observándose un incremento en el rendimiento de RC durante el semestre (p= 0.03). La percepción de los estudiantes resulto positiva y se identificó cuatro familias de significado relacionadas con: razonamiento clínico, oportunidades de mejora implementación de la estrategia y retroalimentación docente. A modo de conclusión, la incorporación de scripts en estudiantes de pregrado de fonoaudiología es factible, incrementa el rendimiento y apoya el desarrollo del RC.
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Newsom LC, Augustine J, Momary K. Development of a script concordance test to assess clinical reasoning in a pharmacy curriculum. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2022; 14:1135-1142. [PMID: 36154958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical reasoning is a vital skill for student pharmacists in the provision of patient-centered care, but these skills are often difficult to assess in the didactic curriculum. A script concordance test (SCT) is an innovative assessment method that can be used to assess clinical reasoning skills. The objective of this study was to develop and refine an SCT to assess clinical reasoning skills of third year student pharmacists (P3s). METHODS An SCT was written and administered to P3s. Pharmacy practice faculty members served as the expert group. The SCT was scored and Rasch analysis was performed. RESULTS The SCT included 20 case vignettes and 60 questions. Test reliability was 0.34 with mean square values for all items between 0.7 and 1.3. Forty-two questions had a difficulty score between 0 and - 1 logits, indicating there were multiple questions with similar difficulty levels. Two case vignettes and 43.3% of questions (n = 26) were revised to enhance clarity and decrease ambiguity. CONCLUSIONS The SCT is a tool to assess clinical reasoning in the didactic curriculum. Faculty can create the SCT and use statistical methods such as Rasch analysis to assess validity and reliability of the SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia C Newsom
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341-4115, United States.
| | - Jill Augustine
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341-4115, United States.
| | - Kathryn Momary
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341-4115, United States.
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Iglesias Gómez C, González Sequeros O, Salmerón Martínez D. Evaluación mediante script concordance test del razonamiento clínico de residentes en Atención Primaria. An Pediatr (Barc) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Iglesias Gómez C, González Sequeros O, Salmerón Martínez D. Clinical reasoning evaluation using script concordance test in primary care residents. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 97:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Cohen Aubart F, Papo T, Hertig A, Renaud MC, Steichen O, Amoura Z, Braun M, Palombi O, Duguet A, Roux D. Are script concordance tests suitable for the assessment of undergraduate students? A multicenter comparative study. Rev Med Interne 2020; 42:243-250. [PMID: 33288231 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Script concordance tests (SCTs) have been developed to assess clinical reasoning in uncertain situations. Their reliability for the evaluation of undergraduate medical students has not been evaluated. METHODS Twenty internal medicine SCT cases were implemented in undergraduate students of two programs. The results obtained on the SCTs were compared to those obtained by the same students on clinical-based classical multiple-choice questions (MCQs). RESULTS A total of 551/883 students (62%) answered the SCTs. The mean aggregate score (based on a total 20 points) was 11.54 (3.29). The success rate and mean score for each question did not differ depending on the modal response but the discrimination rate did. The results obtained by the students on the SCT test correlated with their scores on the MCQ tests. Among students, 446/517 (86%) considered the SCTs to be more difficult than classical MCQs, although the mean score did not differ between the SCT and MCQ tests. CONCLUSION The use of SCTs is a feasible option for the evaluation of undergraduate students. The SCT scores correlated with those obtained on classical MCQ tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cohen Aubart
- Service de médecine interne 2, Centre national de référence maladies systémiques rares et histiocytoses, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne université, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - T Papo
- Département de médecine interne, hôpital Bichat, université de Paris, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75018 Paris, France
| | - A Hertig
- Service de néphrologie et transplantation rénale, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne université, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - M-C Renaud
- Faculté de médecine, Sorbonne université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - O Steichen
- Service de médecine interne, hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne université, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Z Amoura
- Service de médecine interne 2, Centre national de référence maladies systémiques rares et histiocytoses, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne université, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - M Braun
- Service de neuroradiologie, université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, 54035 Nancy, France
| | - O Palombi
- Service de neurochirurgie, université Grenoble Alpes, CHU de Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Duguet
- Service de Pneumologie, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne université, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - D Roux
- Service de médecine intensive réanimation, hôpital Louis-Mourier, université de Paris, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 92700 Colombes, France; Inserm, IAME, UMR-1137, 75018 Paris, France
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Development and psychometrics of script concordance test (SCT) in midwifery. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2018; 32:75. [PMID: 30643750 PMCID: PMC6325274 DOI: 10.14196/mjiri.32.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinical reasoning plays an important role in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Script Concordance test (SCT) is one of the tools that assess clinical reasoning skill. This study was conducted to determine the reliability and concurrent and predictive validity of SCT in assessing final lessons and gynecology exams of undergraduate midwifery students.
Methods: At first, 20 clinical scenarios followed by 3 questions were designed by 2 experienced midwives. Then, after examining the content validity, 15 scenarios were selected. The test was used for 55 midwifery students. The correlation of SCT results with grade point average (GPA) was measured. To evaluate the concurrent validity of SCT, the correlation between SCT scores and the final exam of the gynecology course was measured. To measure predictive validity, the correlation of SCT scores with comprehensive exams of midwifery was calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and coefficient Cronbach's alpha were used for analysis. The test’s item difficulty level (IDL) and item discriminative index (IDI) were determined using Whitney and Sabers’ method.
Results: The internal reliability of the test (calculated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient) was 0.74. All questions were positively correlated with the total score. The highest correlation coefficient was related to GPA and comprehensive test with the score of 0.91. The correlation coefficient between SCT and the final test (concurrent validity) was 0.654, and the correlation coefficient between SCT and comprehensive test (predictive validity) was 0.721. The range of item discriminative index and item difficulty level in this exam was 0.39-0.59 and 0.32-0.66, respectively.
Conclusion: SCT shows a relatively high internal validity and can predict the success rate of students in the comprehensive exams of midwifery. Also, it showed a high concurrent validity in the final test of gynecology course. This test could be a good alternative for formative and summative tests of clinical courses.
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Atayee RS, Lockman K, Brock C, Abazia DT, Brooks TL, Pawasauskas J, Edmonds KP, Herndon CM. Multicentered Study Evaluating Pharmacy Students’ Perception of Palliative Care and Clinical Reasoning Using Script Concordance Testing. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2018; 35:1394-1401. [DOI: 10.1177/1049909118772845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: As the role of the pharmacist on the transdisciplinary palliative care team grows, the need for adequate instruction on palliative care and clinical reasoning skills in schools of pharmacy grows accordingly. Methods: This study evaluates second- and third-year pharmacy students from 6 accredited schools of pharmacy that participated in surveys before and after the delivery of a didactic palliative care elective. The survey collected student demographics, perceptions of the importance of and student skill level in palliative care topics. The script concordance test (SCT) was used to assess clinical decision-making skills on patient cases. Student scores on the SCT were compared to those of a reference panel of experts. Results: A total of 89 students completed the pre-/postsurveys and were included in data analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in student perceived importance of palliative care skills before and after the elective. Students from all 6 institutions showed significant increase in confidence in their palliative care skills at the end of the course. There was also a significant improvement across all institutions in clinical reasoning skills in most of the SCT questions used to assess these skills. Conclusions: Students choosing an elective in palliative care likely do so because they already have an understanding of the importance of these topics in their future practice settings. Delivery of a palliative care elective in the pharmacy curriculum significantly increases both student confidence in their palliative care skills and their clinical reasoning skills in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia S. Atayee
- UC San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palliative Care Team, UC San Diego Health, CA, USA
| | | | - Cara Brock
- College of Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Schaumburg, IL, USA
| | - Daniel T. Abazia
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Tracy L. Brooks
- Manchester University College of Pharmacy, Fort Wayne, IN, USA
| | | | - Kyle P. Edmonds
- UC San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palliative Care Team, UC San Diego Health, CA, USA
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