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Khalesi S, Maleki L, Eskandari S, Dehabadi FZ, Kohpaee AY. Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expression and its correlation with histopathological parameters and cervical lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2023; 20:112. [PMID: 38020247 PMCID: PMC10680078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor among oral cancers. Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 have associated with cell division. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of these markers in OSCC with and without cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 40 OSCCs with and without cervical LN metastasis (20 in each group) that was recorded in the pathology archive of Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Isfahan. Clinical information including age, gender, and location was collected. Some histopathological parameters including depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), number of LN metastases, histopathological grade, and stage of disease were evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for cyclin D1 and Ki-67. All data were entered into SPSS24 software and were analyzed by Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and t-tests. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Based on LVI and stage of disease, a significant correlation was found between the two groups (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the two groups based on cyclin D1 expression (P = 0.05). The expression of the Ki-67 showed a significant difference based on tumor location (P = 0.026) and PNI (P = 0.033). Conclusion The use of markers should be considered in determining the prognosis of OSCC, and the cyclin D1 marker is one of the useful markers for predictors of cervical LN metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Khalesi
- Dental Material Research Center, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Maleki
- Dental Research Center, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Eskandari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Foad Zare Dehabadi
- Departement of Oral Pathology, Dental Students’ Research Committee, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Yousefi Kohpaee
- Departement of Oral Pathology, Dental Students’ Research Committee, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Al-Rawi NH, Kawas SA, Ani MA, Alnuaimi AS, EL-Sayed W, Alrashdan MS. Prediction of Lymphovascular and Perineural Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Combined Expression of p63 and Cyclin D1. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:1170-1178. [PMID: 36716784 PMCID: PMC10795001 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the value of immune expression of p63 and cyclin D1 in the prediction of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and histopathologic features of 65 subjects with histologically confirmed OSCC were collected. Tissue microarray blocks representing all subjects were prepared for the immunohistochemical quantification of the nuclear expression of p63 and cyclin D1 using immune ratio plugin of image J software. Image analysis was performed by two independent pathologists. Independent samples t-test, analysis of variance, and receiver operating characteristic curve tests were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at p≤ 0.05. RESULTS The optimum cutoff value for the prediction of LVI for p63 and cyclin D1 was found to be 100 and 93.2, respectively, while the optimum cutoff value for the prediction of PNI for p63 and cyclin D1 was found to be 95.9 and 94, respectively. p63 and cyclin D1 expression correlated with several clinicopathologic features of the studied population. p63 expression was a significant predictor of moderate/poorly differentiated OSCC compared with well-differentiated OSCC. A parallel combination of positive p63 and cyclin D1 increased the specificity of predicting LVI from 89.1% and 67.4% for either p63 or cyclin D1, respectively, to 93.5% with a positive predictive value of 92.5%. Similarly, the parallel combination of the two markers raised the specificity of predicting PNI from 70% and 77.5% for either p63 or cyclin D1, respectively, to 90% with a positive predictive value of 86.3%. CONCLUSION Combined overexpression of nuclear markers p63 and cyclin D1 can be considered as a valuable independent predictor of LVI and PNI, and hence tumor progression, in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natheer H Al-Rawi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental
Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental
Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muwaffaq Al Ani
- Department of ENT, Tawam Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Walid EL-Sayed
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf
Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Suez Canal University,
Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohammad S. Alrashdan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental
Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan
University of Science and Technology, Jordan
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3
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Dar MS, Abbas R, Shah Z, Latoo SH, Gowhar O. Immunohistochemical expression of E-Cadherin and Cyclin D1 in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:476-480. [PMID: 38033971 PMCID: PMC10683894 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_257_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral malignancy, representing up to 80-90% of all malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity. It results from the multistep accumulation of heterogeneous genetic changes. Important risk factors for OSCC include the use of tobacco or betel quid chewing, alcohol consumption, human papillomavirus and poor nutrition. E-Cadherin as a tumour suppressor gene sets a threshold for Wnt/β-catenin signalling. When expression of E-Cadherin is lost, potentiation of Wnt signalling pathway occurs leading to loss of cell-cell adhesion. The cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) located on chromosome 11q13 encodes a nuclear protein that is the regulatory subunit of Cdk-4 and Cdk-6. Cyclin D1 plays a major role in cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase by contributing to inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene product, and overexpression of CCND1 has been reported in 35-40% cases of OSCC. Aim Considering this, we decided to evaluate and compare the expression of CE-Cadherin and Cyclin D1 in different grades of OSCC. Materials and Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 60 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks comprising of 20 cases of well-differentiated OSCC, 20 cases of moderately differentiated OSCC and 20 cases of poorly differentiated OSCC. Diagnosed (using H and E), with oral mucosa taken as control. Results There was downregulation of E-Cadherin and overexpression of Cyclin D1 in increasing grades of OSCC and the difference was statistically significant. E-Cadherin was localised to membranous and shifted to cytoplasm as the grade worsened. Cyclin D1 was localised to nuclei of cells and the expression was seen more at the peripheral portions of tumour islands depicting the proliferative activity of tumour front. Conclusion The study revealed a good prognostic role of both E-Cadherin and Cyclin D1 in OSCC. The markers can be used for prognostic as well as therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. Dar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rezhat Abbas
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zeenat Shah
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Suheel H. Latoo
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Owais Gowhar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Renu K, Vinayagam S, Veeraraghavan VP, Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Prabakaran DS, Ganesan R, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Kandasamy S, Ramanathan G, Doss C GP, George A, Gopalakrishnan AV. Molecular Crosstalk between the Immunological Mechanism of the Tumor Microenvironment and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091490. [PMID: 36146567 PMCID: PMC9504083 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a significant non-communicable disease affecting both emergent nations and developed countries. Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck represent the eight major familiar cancer types worldwide, accounting for more than 350,000 established cases every year. Oral cancer is one of the most exigent tumors to control and treat. The survival rate of oral cancer is poor due to local invasion along with recurrent lymph node metastasis. The tumor microenvironment contains a different population of cells, such as fibroblasts associated with cancer, immune-infiltrating cells, and other extracellular matrix non-components. Metastasis in a primary site is mainly due to multifaceted progression known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). For the period of EMT, epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal cell functional and structural characteristics, which lead to cell migration enhancement and promotion of the dissemination of tumor cells. The present review links the tumor microenvironment and the role of EMT in inflammation, transcriptional factors, receptor involvement, microRNA, and other signaling events. It would, in turn, help to better understand the mechanism behind the tumor microenvironment and EMT during oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Sathishkumar Vinayagam
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Postgraduate and Research Studies, Periyar University, Dharmapuri 635205, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. S. Prabakaran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Srivilliputhur Main Road, Sivakasi 626124, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sabariswaran Kandasamy
- Institute of Energy Research, Jiangsu University, No 301, Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George Priya Doss C
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (A.V.G.)
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Go SI, Ko GH, Lee WS, Lee JH, Jeong SH, Lee YJ, Hong SC, Ha WS. Cyclin D1 Serves as a Poor Prognostic Biomarker in Stage I Gastric Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1395-1406. [PMID: 35723316 PMCID: PMC8947299 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TNM stage still serves as the best prognostic marker in gastric cancer (GC). The next step is to find prognostic biomarkers that detect subgroups with different prognoses in the same TNM stage. In this study, the expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclin D1 were assessed in 96 tissue samples, including non-tumorous tissue, adenoma, and carcinoma. Then, the prognostic impact of EGFR and cyclin D1 was retrospectively investigated in 316 patients who underwent R0 resection for GC. EGFR positivity increased as gastric tissue became malignant, and cyclin D1 positivity was increased in all the tumorous tissues. However, there was no survival difference caused by the EGFR positivity, while the cyclin D1-postive group had worse overall survival (OS) than the cyclin D1-negative group in stage I GC (10-year survival rate (10-YSR): 62.8% vs. 86.5%, p = 0.010). In subgroup analyses for the propensity score-matched (PSM) cohort, there were also significant differences in the OS according to the cyclin D1 positivity in stage I GC but not in stage II and III GC. Upon multivariate analysis, cyclin D1 positivity was an independent prognostic factor in stage I GC. In conclusion, cyclin D1 may be a useful biomarker for predicting prognosis in stage I GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Il Go
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon 51472, Korea;
| | - Gyung Hyuck Ko
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (G.H.K.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-750-8733
| | - Jeong-Hee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (G.H.K.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Sang-Ho Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon 51472, Korea; (S.-H.J.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Young-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon 51472, Korea; (S.-H.J.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Soon Chan Hong
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.C.H.); (W.S.H.)
| | - Woo Song Ha
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (S.C.H.); (W.S.H.)
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6
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Menaka TR, Ravikumar SS, Dhivya K, Thilagavathi N, Dinakaran J, Kalaichelvan V. Immunohistochemical expression and evaluation of cyclin D1 and minichromosome maintenance 2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022; 26:44-51. [PMID: 35571317 PMCID: PMC9106226 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_446_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study of cell proliferation is important for assessing the tumor behavior, prognosis and patient survival of oral carcinomas. As literature search did not reveal sufficient studies of immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1 and minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and verrucous carcinoma (VC), the present study was undertaken. Materials and Methods The study group included 20 cases of histopathologically diagnosed OSCC, 10 cases of VC and 10 cases of normal mucosa (NM). All samples were evaluated for the expression of cyclin D1 and MCM2 using standard Immunohistochemistry (IHC) procedure.The present study involved both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Qualitative analysis was done by evaluation of intensity and area of staining. Quantitative analysis was done by calculating the percentage of positively stained cells and assessing the labeling index (LI). Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS statistical package (version 23.0). Results On evaluating and comparing the intensity of staining and area of staining of cyclin D1 and MCM2 between the study groups, statistically significant values (P < 0.05) were obtained using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA. Comparison of LI of cyclin D1 and MCM2 in NM, OSCC and VC statistically significant results (P < 0.05) was obtained using Mann-Whitney U-test. Mean LI of MCM2 was found to be significantly higher than mean LI of cyclin D1 in all the study groups. Conclusion From the present study, we conclude that MCM2 has the potential to serve as a novel cell proliferation biomarker in OSCC and VC when compared to cyclin D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Menaka
- Consultant Oral Pathologist and Private Dental Practitioner, R.J.Dental Clinic, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Shamala Ravikumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Dhivya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Thilagavathi
- Oral Medicine, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Dinakaran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinoth Kalaichelvan
- Consultant Oral Pathologist and Private Dental Practitioner, R.J.Dental Clinic, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pansini PF, do Valle IB, Damasceno TCD, de Abreu PM, Có ACG, López RVM, Lenzi J, Rocha RM, Souza ED, Curado MP, Mehanna H, Nankivell P, de Podestá JRV, von Zeidler SV. Differential Expression of Potential Biomarkers of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development. Head Neck Pathol 2021; 15:1127-1136. [PMID: 33840043 PMCID: PMC8633043 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-021-01322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate molecular epithelial changes, we investigated whether a profile of survivin, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), polo like kinase 1 (PLK1), p63, p40 (Δnp63 isoform), cyclin D1 (CCND1) and BCL2 apoptosis regulator (BCL2) proteins could predict malignant transformation. Different tissue segments (tumor adjacent epithelium; dysplasia and tumor) from a total of 109 patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. An increased expression of survivin (p < 0.001), PLK1 (p = 0.001), and p63 (p < 0.001) in parallel to reduced immunostaining of p40 (p < 0.001) and BCL2 (p = 0.029) was observed among the tissue segments analyzed. Our study revealed that survivin, PLK1, p63, p40 and BCL2 play a role in oral tumorigenesis and represent promising biomarkers able to recognize mesenchymal phenotype induction in the transition from nonmalignant cells to tumor cells. These results reveals critical interaction between survivin, PLK1, p63, p40 promising proteins during invasive carcinoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fernandes Pansini
- Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde - Universidade Federal do Espírito santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468 Maruípe, Vitoria, Espírito Santo 29.043-900 Brazil
| | - Isabella Bittencourt do Valle
- Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde - Universidade Federal do Espírito santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468 Maruípe, Vitoria, Espírito Santo 29.043-900 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Thabata Coeli Dias Damasceno
- Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde - Universidade Federal do Espírito santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468 Maruípe, Vitoria, Espírito Santo 29.043-900 Brazil
| | - Priscila Marinho de Abreu
- Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde - Universidade Federal do Espírito santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468 Maruípe, Vitoria, Espírito Santo 29.043-900 Brazil
| | - Anna Clara Gregório Có
- Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde - Universidade Federal do Espírito santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468 Maruípe, Vitoria, Espírito Santo 29.043-900 Brazil
| | - Rossana Verónica Mendoza López
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP) - Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Lenzi
- Programa de Detecção Precoce do Câncer Bucal, Setor de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Hospital Santa Rita de Cássia, Vitoria, Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - Ricardo Mai Rocha
- Programa de Detecção Precoce do Câncer Bucal, Setor de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Hospital Santa Rita de Cássia, Vitoria, Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - Evandro Duccini Souza
- Programa de Detecção Precoce do Câncer Bucal, Setor de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Hospital Santa Rita de Cássia, Vitoria, Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Curado
- Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Hisham Mehanna
- Institute for Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Nankivell
- Institute for Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - José Roberto Vasconcelos de Podestá
- Programa de Detecção Precoce do Câncer Bucal, Setor de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Hospital Santa Rita de Cássia, Vitoria, Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - Sandra Ventorin von Zeidler
- Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde - Universidade Federal do Espírito santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468 Maruípe, Vitoria, Espírito Santo 29.043-900 Brazil
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8
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Siril YJ, Kouketsu A, Saito H, Takahashi T, Kumamoto H. Immunohistochemical expression levels of cyclin D1 and CREPT reflect the course and prognosis in oral precancerous lesions and squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 51:27-32. [PMID: 33838964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 is the most essential progressive regulator of the cell cycle, and its transcription is enhanced by CREPT (cell cycle-related and expression-elevated protein in tumour). These molecules regulate cell growth, and their aberrant expression can cause malignant transformation. In this study, the expression of these molecules was explored to investigate the molecular alterations in oral precancerous lesions and squamous cell carcinoma. Cyclin D1 and CREPT expression was examined immunohistochemically in tissue specimens from 55 patients with oral epithelial precursor lesions (OEPLs) and 84 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Associations between the results and clinicopathological variables were examined. Cyclin D1 and CREPT expression levels were higher in OSCC than in OEPLs. Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences in cyclin D1 expression among the different grades of OEPLs and OSCC lesions. In OSCC, there were statistically significant differences in CREPT expression according to sex, T stage, and degree of differentiation. In addition, the expression of both molecules was significantly correlated with postoperative metastasis and modes of invasion. The expression of cyclin D1 and CREPT was found to depend upon the state of development and progression of the oral epithelial lesions, and clinicopathological behaviours might be affected by these molecules in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Siril
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Disease Management Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan; Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Disease Management Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
| | - A Kouketsu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Disease Management Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - H Saito
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Disease Management Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Disease Management Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - H Kumamoto
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Disease Management Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Babukumar S, Vinothkumar V, Ramachandhiran D. Modulating effect of hesperetin on the molecular expression pattern of apoptotic and cell proliferative markers in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced oral carcinogenesis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:430-439. [PMID: 30663412 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1555600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is widespread malignant neoplasm and refractory cancers in worldwide. Here, we studied the chemopreventive potential of hesperetin on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis (HBPCs). Oral tumours were developed in the buccal pouches of male golden Syrian hamsters by topical application of 0.5% DMBA three times a week for 10 weeks. This causes sequentially hyperplasia, dysplasia and well differentiates squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with up-regulation of molecular markers like mutant-p53, Caspase-3 and caspase-9 and cyclin-D1. Histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis of hesperetin treated animals shows a reversal in the above expression pattern to near normal in buccal mucosal tissue. Therefore, hesperetin exhibits the potential protective effect against DMBA-induced oral cancer through apoptotic and anti-proliferative properties. However, a long-term observation would be needed to confirm the possibility of malignant change of the resulted dysplastic lesions upon hesperetin pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumar Babukumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Veerasamy Vinothkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Duraisamy Ramachandhiran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
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10
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Ling Z, Cheng B, Tao X. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Challenges and opportunities. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:1548-1561. [PMID: 33091960 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy representing 90% of all forms of oral cancer worldwide. Although great efforts have been made in the past decades, the 5-year survival rate of OSCC patients is no more than 60% due to tumor metastasis and subsequent recurrence. The metastasis from the primary site is due to a complex process known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). During the EMT, epithelial cells gradually acquire the structural and functional characteristics of mesenchymal cells, leading to the upregulation of cell migration and the promotion of tumor cell dissemination. Therefore, EMT attracted broad attention due to its close relationship with cancer invasion and metastasis. Therefore, in the present review, an extensive description of the current research on OSCC and the role of EMT in this cancer type is provided, including diverse EMT markers, regulatory networks and crucial EMT-inducing transcription factors in OSCC. Moreover, a brief summary was made regarding the current application of EMT-correlated indexes in the prognostic analysis of OSCC patients, and the potential therapeutic approaches against OSCC and difficulties in the development of an effective anti-EMT treatment are discussed. Our aim is to provide novel insights to develop new strategies to combat OSCC by targeting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Ling
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoan Tao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Moharil RB, Khandekar S, Dive A, Bodhade A. Cyclin D1 in oral premalignant lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020; 24:397. [PMID: 33456254 PMCID: PMC7802865 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_164_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cyclin D1 is derived from PRAD1 or CCND1 gene located on chromosome 11q13 and it acts as a positive regulator of the cell cycle. In normal cells, cyclin D1 promotes progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Over expression of cyclin D1 may lead to shortening of G1 phase, increased cell proliferation and reduced dependency on growth factors. Over expression of cyclin D1 has been reported in various tumors like esophageal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung carcinoma, and head and neck carcinoma. Aims and Objectives: The study was carried out to evaluate and compare the expression of Cyclin D1 in premalignant lesion and different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: A total 75 histopathologically diagnosed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral premalignant lesions cases were evaluated immunohistochemically for cyclin D1 expression. Results: We found that cyclin D1 protein expression was significantly altered from epithelial dysplasia to oral squamous cell carcinomas. Conclusion: Thus we can conclude that cyclin D1 may be a useful marker in the cases of oral precancer and cancer. It can also act as a potential target for molecular intervention studies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Balwant Moharil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, VSPMDCRC, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shubhangi Khandekar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, VSPMDCRC, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alka Dive
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, VSPMDCRC, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish Bodhade
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, VSPMDCRC, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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12
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Moussa RA, Khalil EZI, Ali AI. Prognostic Role of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Markers "E-Cadherin, β-Catenin, ZEB1, ZEB2 and p63" in Bladder Carcinoma. World J Oncol 2019; 10:199-217. [PMID: 31921376 PMCID: PMC6940035 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal markers’ E-cadherin, β-catenin, zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) and p63 in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) variants of bladder carcinoma (BC) and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters of prognostic importance. Methods In this retrospective study, 91 patients were enrolled (66 with TCC and 25 with SCC). All patients had full clinical and follow-up data and available paraffin blocks. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed and correlated with clinicopathological factors. Results In TCC cases, reduced E-cadherin, β-catenin positivity and p63 expression rate were evident in the sitting of increased expression of ZEB1 and ZEB2. Patients with ZEB2 positive tumors were more likely to die compared to those with negative ZEB2 (P = 0.024). Moreover, in patients with muscle-invasive BCs, an intense p63 expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001). For patients with SCC, there was a reduction in E-cadherin and β-catenin positivity with elevated p63 expression and concomitant increased ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression. Poor prognosis was evident in association with reduced E-cadherin, positive nuclear β-catenin/reduced membranous β-catenin, ZEB1 and ZEB2 positive cases as well patients with elevated p63 expression (P < 0.001). TCC and SCC cases showed similar poor prognosis in association with elevated p63 expression (P < 0.001). Conclusions In both TCC and SCC variants, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is evident; however, its molecular mechanism shows some variations, specifically this notably different p63 expression pattern among two carcinoma variants with the similar impact of elevated p63 expression pattern on prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Ahmed Moussa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Issam Ali
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt
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13
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Kujan O, Huang G, Ravindran A, Vijayan M, Farah CS. CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 and Notch1 immunocytochemical expression of oral brush liquid-based cytology for the diagnosis of oral leukoplakia and oral cancer. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:566-573. [PMID: 31172614 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using oral liquid-based brush cytology (OLBC) coupled with immunocytochemistry as a minimally invasive approach to stratify the cancer risk in patients with oral leukoplakia. METHODS Fifty-five patients diagnosed with either oral leukoplakia (OLK) or oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were recruited. All patients underwent oral brush biopsy followed by surgical biopsy. 275 liquid-based cytology preparations were made. Pap-stained OLBC slides were assessed using the modified 2014 Bethesda Cytology system. The expression of CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1, and Notch 1 was immunocytochemically analysed and compared against the histopathological diagnosis. A combined index score of OLBC grading and protein expression was calculated. RESULTS A significant association was found between the definitive histopathological diagnosis and the cytological interpretation (P = 0.0005). The index scores of CDK4, CDK6, and cyclin D1 were significantly associated with the development of disease from non-dysplastic epithelium to OSCC. No significant association was observed between the Notch 1 index score and disease stage. The diagnostic accuracy of OLBC showed the highest values of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy: 84.6%, 70.4%, 73.3%, 82.6%, and 78.8%, respectively, compared with the cumulative protein index, CDK4/6 index, and the combined OLBC grading and CDK4/6 index. CONCLUSION This study has also demonstrated the efficacy of the use of OLBC in the detection of OED and OSCC, and showed that the use of CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1, and Notch 1 immunocytochemistry failed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of OLBC suggesting they are not useful in the early detection of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gareth Huang
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ashwati Ravindran
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Monisha Vijayan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Camile S Farah
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Shergill K, Sen A, Pillai HJ. Role of E-cadherin and cyclin D1 as predictive markers of aggression and clonal expansion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 44:182-190. [PMID: 30181985 PMCID: PMC6117463 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2018.44.4.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Inconsistency in various histopathologic features for predicting nodal metastasis and overall prognosis and a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of tumourigenesis have shifted the focus to a search for more definitive predictive markers. To identify the role of two immunohistochemical (IHC) markers, E-cadherin and cyclin D1, as predictive markers of aggressiveness in HNSCC and to assess clonal expansion of tumour cells. Materials and Methods A total of 66 cases of HNSCC with neck node dissection were studied. IHC was performed on primary tumour sections and lymph nodes showing metastatic deposits. Histopathological parameters such as tumour grade and TNM stage together with nodal status were compared according to expression of the two markers. Fischer's chi-square test was used to assess the correlation between the two markers and histopathological parameters. Results Out of 66 cases studied, 37 showed LN metastasis. Most of the patients were male, and the most common tumour site was buccal mucosa. We found a significant association between loss of E-cadherin and node metastasis (P<0.001) and higher TNM stage (P<0.001). Cyclin D1 overexpression was significantly associated with only nodal metastasis (P=0.007). No significant association with tumour grade was found for either marker. The subgroup of E-cadherin loss with cyclin D1 overexpression was associated with the maximum incidence of nodal metastasis and higher TNM stage, highlighting the importance of using a combination of these two markers. A significant association was noted between the expression of markers at the primary site and at nodal deposits, indicating clonal expansion. Conclusion A combination of the two markers E-cadherin and cyclin D1 can predict prognosis in HNSCC, although tumour heterogeneity may affect this association in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arijit Sen
- Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
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