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Moreira RA, Daam MA, Vieira BH, Sanches ALM, Reghini MV, da Silva Mansano A, de Freitas EC, Espindola ELG, Rocha O. Toxicity of abamectin and difenoconazole mixtures to a Neotropical cladoceran after simulated run-off and spray drift exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 185:58-66. [PMID: 28187361 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic risk assessments of pesticides in tropical countries have often been disputed for being largely based on risk evaluations conducted in temperate regions. Although pesticide sensitivity comparisons between temperate and tropical freshwater organisms have indeed not revealed consistent differences, risk assessments are currently still based on a relatively small tropical toxicity dataset. In addition, greater levels of runoff and spray drift may be expected in tropical than in temperate agroecosystems, indicating that aquatic life in edge-of-field water bodies is likely to be subjected to higher concentrations of pesticides and their mixtures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of Kraft® 36 EC (a.i. abamectin), Score® 250 EC (a.i. difenoconazole) and their mixture to the Neotropical cladoceran Macrothrix flabelligera. Laboratory toxicity tests with the individual formulated products indicated EC50-48h values of 3.1 and 659μg a.i./L given as nominal test concentrations, respectively. Mixtures of the two pesticides revealed a concentration-dependent deviation of the independent action model, with antagonism at low and synergism at high pesticide mixture concentrations. Laboratory toxicity tests were also conducted with microcosm water that was treated with the individual or mixtures through runoff or direct overspray. Microcosm tanks receiving runoff water from experimental soil plots applied with recommended doses of the individual pesticides did not show toxicity to the test organism. Microcosms that received runoff water containing the pesticide mixture, however, did cause a short-term effect on immobility. The microcosms that were treated by direct overspray of both pesticide formulations showed the most pronounced toxic effects. Study findings suggest a potential risk of these pesticides at environmentally relevant concentrations, especially when they are both present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Aparecida Moreira
- Post-Graduate Program of Ecology and Natural Resources, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Michiel Adriaan Daam
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Bruna Horvath Vieira
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Letícia Madeira Sanches
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marina Vanderlei Reghini
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Adrislaine da Silva Mansano
- Post-Graduate Program of Ecology and Natural Resources, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Cristina de Freitas
- Post-Graduate Program of Ecology and Natural Resources, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espindola
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Odete Rocha
- Post-Graduate Program of Ecology and Natural Resources, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Novelli A, Vieira BH, Braun AS, Mendes LB, Daam MA, Espíndola ELG. Impact of runoff water from an experimental agricultural field applied with Vertimec® 18EC (abamectin) on the survival, growth and gill morphology of zebrafish juveniles. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1408-14. [PMID: 26492427 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Edge-of-field waterbodies in tropical agroecosystems have been reported to be especially prone to pesticide contamination through runoff resulting from intensive irrigation practices and tropical rainfall. In the present study, the effects of runoff from an experimental agricultural field applied with Vertimec(®) 18EC (active ingredient: abamectin) on zebrafish were evaluated. To this end, the experimental field was applied with the Vertimec(®) 18EC dose recommended for strawberry crop in Brazil, whereas another field was treated with water only to serve as control. No effects of runoff water from either plot were recorded on survival. Water from the treated field led to increased growth and gill alterations. In general, these alterations were of the first and second degree, including proliferation of cells between the secondary lamellae, dilation at the lamellar apex, detachment of the respiratory epithelium and aneurism. These results confirm the high toxic potential of Vertimec(®) 18EC and provide evidence that environmental risks are likely to occur in areas subject to runoff containing this pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Novelli
- Núcleo de Ecotoxicologia e Ecologia Aplicada, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Engenharia Ambiental, EESC/Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Núcleo de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, S/N, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Horvath Vieira
- Núcleo de Ecotoxicologia e Ecologia Aplicada, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Engenharia Ambiental, EESC/Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréa Simone Braun
- Núcleo de Ecotoxicologia e Ecologia Aplicada, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Engenharia Ambiental, EESC/Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Bueno Mendes
- Núcleo de Ecotoxicologia e Ecologia Aplicada, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Engenharia Ambiental, EESC/Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Michiel Adriaan Daam
- Núcleo de Ecotoxicologia e Ecologia Aplicada, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Engenharia Ambiental, EESC/Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-191, Portugal
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola
- Núcleo de Ecotoxicologia e Ecologia Aplicada, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Engenharia Ambiental, EESC/Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Hidraúlica e Saneamento/EESC/USP, Caixa Postal 359, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
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Shinn C, Delello-Schneider D, Mendes LB, Sanchez AL, Müller R, Espíndola ELG, Araújo CVM. Immediate and mid-term effects of pyrimethanil toxicity on microalgae by simulating an episodic contamination. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:407-413. [PMID: 25216469 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Since pesticides can represent a threat for non-target aquatic communities, including microalgae, we looked at the effects of the fungicide pyrimethanil on the growth of the freshwater green microalgae Selenastrum capricornutum. Additionally, attenuation of the toxicity of pyrimethanil due to its dissipation in the water was assessed. Pyrimethanil-contaminated samples were taken from outdoor mesocosms one (1.4 mg L(-1) of pyrimethanil) and ten (0.78 mg L(-1) of pyrimethanil) days after pyrimethanil application. Different dilutions were prepared using both nutrient-rich culture medium (LC Oligo) and non-contaminated mesocosm samples, and cell growth inhibition was assessed. Reference mesocosm samples were also diluted with LC Oligo in order to verify how the nutrient concentration in the LC Oligo could improve cell growth. Comparing cell growth of population exposed to pyrimethanil-treated sample taken at day 1 with cells growing in reference sample and LC Oligo, the growth inhibition was 80% (± 6.5) and 95% (± 2.0), respectively. The toxicity of samples taken from contaminated mesocosms at day 10 was attenuated to 34% (± 15) (when compared with reference sample) and 88% (± 3.0) (when compared with LC Oligo), as pyrimethanil concentrations in the mesocosms decreased. In conclusion, (i) pyrimethanil can be an environmental disturber for the microalgae; (ii) the toxicity of pyrimethanil in water was reduced almost 2.4 times (when compared with the reference sample) at as short a period as 10d if assuming that pesticide entrance is not continuous; (iii) toxicity of an environmental sample could be underestimated if the sample/medium used in dilution presents different nutrient levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cândida Shinn
- IMAR-Instituto do Mar & MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal; Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador - Sede Ibarra, Ibarra, Ecuador.
| | | | - Lucas B Mendes
- Center for Water Resources and Applied Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - André L Sanchez
- Center for Water Resources and Applied Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ruth Müller
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Department Climate and Adaptation, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Evaldo L G Espíndola
- Center for Water Resources and Applied Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cristiano V M Araújo
- IMAR-Instituto do Mar & MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal; Central Department of Research, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro of Manabí (ULEAM), Ciudadela Universitaria, vía San Mateo, Manta, Ecuador
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Cochard R, Maneepitak S, Kumar P. Aquatic faunal abundance and diversity in relation to synthetic and natural pesticide applications in rice fields of Central Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES & MANAGEMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/21513732.2014.892029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Cochard
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Suthamma Maneepitak
- Agricultural Technology and Sustainable Agricultural Policy Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, 10200 Thailand
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Asian Center of Innovation for Sustainable Agriculture Intensification (ACISAI), Asian Institute of Technology, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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