1
|
Rai S, Singh LS, Shaanker RU, Jeyaram K, Parija T, Sahoo D. Endophytic fungi of Panax sokpayensis produce bioactive ginsenoside Compound K in flask fermentation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9318. [PMID: 38654024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytes of Panax have the potential to produce their host plant secondary metabolites, ginsenosides. Panax sokpayensis, an endemic traditional medicinal plant of the Sikkim Himalayas was explored for the isolation of endophytic fungi. In the present study, we have isolated 35 endophytic fungal cultures from the rhizome of P. sokpayensis and screened for ginsenosides production by HPLC by comparing the peak retention time with that of standard ginsenosides. The HPLC analysis revealed that out of 35 isolates, the mycelial extracts of four fungal endophytes (PSRF52, PSRF53, PSRF49 and PSRF58) exhibited peaks with a similar retention time of the standard ginsenoside, Compound K (CK). LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis led to the confirmation of ginsenoside CK production by the four fungal endophytes which showed a compound with m/z 639.6278, similar to that of standard ginsenoside CK with yield in potato dextrose broth flask fermentation ranging from 0.0019 to 0.0386 mg/g of mycelial mass in dry weight basis. The four prospective fungal endophyte isolates were identified as Thermothielavioides terrestris PSRF52, Aspergillus sp. PSRF49, Rutstroemiaceae sp. strain PSRF53, and Phaeosphaeriaceae sp. strain PSRF58 based on ITS sequencing. The present finding highlights the need for further study on growth optimization and other culture parameters to exploit the endophytes as an alternative source for ginsenoside CK production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subecha Rai
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Sikkim Centre, DBT, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT-Deemed to be University, Campus XI, Patia, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Laishram Shantikumar Singh
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Sikkim Centre, DBT, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India.
- Department of Microbiology, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, 781026, India.
| | - Ramanan Uma Shaanker
- School of Ecology and Conservation, Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - Kumaraswamy Jeyaram
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Sikkim Centre, DBT, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Tithi Parija
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT-Deemed to be University, Campus XI, Patia, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Dinabandhu Sahoo
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Sikkim Centre, DBT, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shen N, Chen Z, Cheng G, Lin W, Qin Y, Xiao Y, Chen H, Tang Z, Li Q, Yuan M, Bu T. Diversity, chemical constituents and biological activities of endophytic fungi from Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1190624. [PMID: 37415810 PMCID: PMC10320293 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1190624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dried tuber of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep. (AOJ) is a traditional Chinese medicine with high medicinal value. The endophytic fungi of medicinal plants are a treasure house of natural compounds. However, there is a lack of research on the diversity and biological activity of endophytic fungi of AOJ. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the diversity of endophytic fungi in the roots and stems of AOJ, and endophytic fungi with a high output of phenols and flavonoids were screened by chromogenic reaction, and the antioxidant and antibacterial activities and chemical constituents of crude extracts of their fermentation broth were studied. A total of 3,426 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) belonging to 9 phyla, 27 classes, 64 orders, 152 families, and 277 genera were identified from AOJ. There were significant differences in the endophytic fungal communities of AOJ roots and stems, as well as in the endophytic fungal communities of triangular AOJ and circular AOJ. In addition, 31 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from AOJ, of which 6 strains had good antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The crude extract of YG-2 had the strongest free radical scavenging ability and bacteriostatic ability, and its IC50 DPPH, IC50 ABTS, and IC50⋅OH values were 0.009 ± 0.000 mg/mL, 0.023 ± 0.002 mg/mL, and 0.081 ± 0.006 mg/mL, respectively. The results of LC-MS showed that the main component of the crude extract of YG-2 was caffeic acid (10.12 μmol/g). Overall, the results of this study preliminarily elucidated the diversity and community composition of endophytic fungi of AOJ, indicating that AOJ endophytic fungi have abundant secondary metabolites and good antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This study provides an important reference for further research, development and utilization of AOJ endophytic fungi and a theoretical basis for the further development of the endophytic fungus YG-2 (Chaetomium globosum) as a source of antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayu Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Ya’an People’s Hospital, Ya’an, China
| | - GuiXin Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Wenjie Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yihan Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yirong Xiao
- Sichuan Agricultural University Hospital, Ya’an, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Zizhong Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Tongliang Bu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng L, Zhang AX, Li L, Zhang XJ, Wang Z, Tan NH. Diversity of cultivable endophytic fungi in two Rubia plants and their potential for production of anti-tumour Rubiaceae-type cyclopeptides. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:759-769. [PMID: 34591984 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rubia plants are one of the most important plant resources possessing significant commercial and medicinal values. Plant endophytes could benefit their host plants in different ways. Rubiaceae-type cyclopeptides (RAs), mainly isolated from Rubia plants, have attracted considerable attentions for their distinctive bicyclic structures and significant antitumor activities, but their contents in plants are low. The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of endophytic fungi in Rubia plants and their potential for production of RAs. In this work, 143 endophytic fungi isolates were obtained from two Rubia plants. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the ITS rDNA sequences, and the isolates were classified into 29 genera. Among them, four endophytic fungal strains were found to produce anti-tumour RAs by LC-MS/MS analysis. This work successfully provides valuable knowledges of endophytic fungi microbiome in Rubia plants for agricultural and industrial applications, and exploits a new environmental-friendly resource of RAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - A X Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - L Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - X J Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - N H Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee Y, Lee YY, Kim YS, Balaraju K, Mok YS, Yoo SJ, Jeon Y. Enhancement of seed germination and microbial disinfection on ginseng by cold plasma treatment. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:519-526. [PMID: 34295212 PMCID: PMC8282493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effect of cold plasma treatment on the improvement of seed germination and surface sterilization of ginseng seeds. METHODS Dehisced ginseng (Panax ginseng) seeds were exposed to dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma operated in argon (Ar) or an argon/oxygen mixture (Ar/O2), and the resulting germination and surface sterilization were compared with those of an untreated control group. Bacterial and fungal detection assays were performed for plasma-treated ginseng seeds after serial dilution of surface-washed suspensions. The microbial colonies (fungi and bacteria) were classified according to their phenotypical morphologies and identified by molecular analysis. Furthermore, the effect of cold plasma treatment on the in vitro antifungal activity and suppression of Cylindrocarpon destructans in 4-year-old ginseng root discs was investigated. RESULTS Seeds treated with plasma in Ar or Ar/O2 exhibited a higher germination rate (%) compared with the untreated controls. Furthermore, the plasma treatment exhibited bactericidal and fungicidal effects on the seed surface, and the latter effect was stronger than the former. In addition, plasma treatment exhibited in vitro antifungal activity against C. destructans and reduced the disease severity (%) of root rot in 4-year-old ginseng root discs. The results demonstrate the stimulatory effect of plasma treatment on seed germination, surface sterilization, and root rot disease suppression in ginseng. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that the cold plasma treatment can suppress the microbial community on the seed surface root rot in ginseng.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Younmi Lee
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
- Agricultural Science & Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Yoon Lee
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Kotnala Balaraju
- Agricultural Science & Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Mok
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Jae Yoo
- Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Jeon
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kouipou Toghueo RM, Youmbi DY, Boyom FF. Endophytes from Panax species. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
6
|
Barberis L, Michalet S, Piola F, Binet P. Root fungal endophytes: identity, phylogeny and roles in plant tolerance to metal stress. Fungal Biol 2020; 125:326-345. [PMID: 33766311 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metal trace elements accumulate in soils mainly because of anthropic activities, leading living organisms to develop strategies to handle metal toxicity. Plants often associate with root endophytic fungi, including nonmycorrhizal fungi, and some of these organisms are associated with metal tolerance. The lack of synthetic analyses of plant-endophyte-metal tripartite systems and the scant consideration for taxonomy led to this review aiming (1) to inventory non-mycorrhizal root fungal endophytes described with respect to their taxonomic diversity and (2) to determine the mutualistic roles of these plant-fungus associations under metal stress. More than 1500 species in 100 orders (mainly Hypocreales and Pleosporales) were reported from a wide variety of environments and hosts. Most reported endophytes had a positive effect on their host under metal stress, but with various effects on metal uptake or translocation and no clear taxonomic consistency. Future research considering the functional patterns and dynamics of these associations is thus encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Barberis
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Serge Michalet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5557 Écologie microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florence Piola
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Binet
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, CNRS-UFC, UMR6249 Chrono-environnement, Montbéliard, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Scott M, Rani M, Samsatly J, Charron JB, Jabaji S. Endophytes of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars: identification of culturable bacteria and fungi in leaves, petioles, and seeds. Can J Microbiol 2018; 64:664-680. [PMID: 29911410 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant endophytes are a group of microorganisms that reside asymptomatically within the healthy living tissue. The diversity and molecular and biochemical characterization of industrial hemp-associated endophytes have not been previously studied. This study explored the abundance and diversity of culturable endophytes residing in petioles, leaves, and seeds of three industrial hemp cultivars, and examined their biochemical attributes and antifungal potential. A total of 134 bacterial and 53 fungal strains were isolated from cultivars Anka, CRS-1, and Yvonne. The number of bacterial isolates was similarly distributed among the cultivars, with the majority recovered from petiole tissue. Most fungal strains originated from leaf tissue of cultivar Anka. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses grouped the endophytes into 18 bacterial and 13 fungal taxa, respectively. The most abundant bacterial genera were Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Bacillus, and the fungal genera were Aureobasidium, Alternaria, and Cochliobolus. The presence of siderophores, cellulase production, and phosphorus solubilization were the main biochemical traits. In proof-of-concept experiments, re-inoculation of tomato roots with some endophytes confirmed their migration to aerial tissues of the plant. Taken together, this study demonstrates that industrial hemp harbours a diversity of microbial endophytes, some of which could be used in growth promotion and (or) in biological control designed experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryanne Scott
- Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Mamta Rani
- Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jamil Samsatly
- Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jean-Benoit Charron
- Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Suha Jabaji
- Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Park YH, Chandra Mishra R, Yoon S, Kim H, Park C, Seo ST, Bae H. Endophytic Trichoderma citrinoviride isolated from mountain-cultivated ginseng ( Panax ginseng) has great potential as a biocontrol agent against ginseng pathogens. J Ginseng Res 2018; 43:408-420. [PMID: 31308813 PMCID: PMC6606899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is an invaluable medicinal plant containing various bioactive metabolites (e.g., ginsenosides). Owing to its long cultivation period, ginseng is vulnerable to various biotic constraints. Biological control using endophytes is an important alternative to chemical control. Methods In this study, endophytic Trichoderma citrinoviride PG87, isolated from mountain-cultivated ginseng, was evaluated for biocontrol activity against six major ginseng pathogens. T. citrinoviride exhibited antagonistic activity with mycoparasitism against all ginseng pathogens, with high endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase activity. Results T. citrinoviride inoculation significantly reduced the disease symptoms caused by Botrytis cinerea and Cylindrocarpon destructans and induced ginsenoside biosynthesis in ginseng plants. T. citrinoviride was formulated as dustable powder and granules. The formulated agents also exhibited significant biocontrol activity and induced ginsenosides production in the controlled environment and mountain area. Conclusion Our results revealed that T. citrinoviride has great potential as a biological control agent and elicitor of ginsenoside production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwan Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sunkyung Yoon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoki Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang-Tae Seo
- Division of Forest Insect Pests and Diseases, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Park YH, Kim Y, Mishra RC, Bae H. Fungal endophytes inhabiting mountain-cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer): Diversity and biocontrol activity against ginseng pathogens. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16221. [PMID: 29176690 PMCID: PMC5701219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes isolated from mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG, Panax ginseng Meyer) were explored for their diversity and biocontrol activity against ginseng pathogens (Alternaria panax, Botrytis cinerea, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Pythium sp. and Rhizoctonia solani). A total of 1,300 isolates were isolated from three tissues (root, stem and leaf) from MCGs grown in 24 different geographic locations in Korea. In total, 129 different fungal isolates were authenticated by molecular identification based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. The fungal endophytes belonged to Ascomycota (81.7%), Basidiomycota (7.08%), Zygomycota (10%) and Unknown (1.15%), with 59 genera. Analysis of diversity indices across sampling sites suggested species abundance as a function of geographical and environmental factors of the locations. Shannon diversity index and richness in the different tissues revealed that root tissues are colonized more than stem and leaf tissues, and also certain fungal endophytes are tissue specific. Assessment of the ethyl acetate extracts from 129 fungal isolates for their biocontrol activity against 5 ginseng pathogens revealed that Trichoderma polysporum produces the antimcriobial metabolite against all the pathogens. This result indicates the promise of its potential usage as a biocontrol agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwan Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbook, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosam Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbook, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ratnesh Chandra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbook, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbook, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zheng YK, Miao CP, Chen HH, Huang FF, Xia YM, Chen YW, Zhao LX. Endophytic fungi harbored in Panax notoginseng: diversity and potential as biological control agents against host plant pathogens of root-rot disease. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:353-360. [PMID: 28701877 PMCID: PMC5489767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endophytic fungi play an important role in balancing the ecosystem and boosting host growth. In the present study, we investigated the endophytic fungal diversity of healthy Panax notoginseng and evaluated its potential antimicrobial activity against five major phytopathogens causing root-rot of P. notoginseng. Methods A culture-dependent technique, combining morphological and molecular methods, was used to analyze endophytic fungal diversity. A double-layer agar technique was used to challenge the phytopathogens of P. notoginseng. Results A total of 89 fungi were obtained from the roots, stems, leaves, and seeds of P. notoginseng, and 41 isolates representing different morphotypes were selected for taxonomic characterization. The fungal isolates belonged to Ascomycota (96.6%) and Zygomycota (3.4%). All isolates were classified to 23 genera and an unknown taxon belonging to Sordariomycetes. The number of isolates obtained from different tissues ranged from 12 to 42 for leaves and roots, respectively. The selected endophytic fungal isolates were challenged by the root-rot pathogens Alternaria panax, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Phoma herbarum, and Mycocentrospora acerina. Twenty-six of the 41 isolates (63.4%) exhibited activity against at least one of the pathogens tested. Conclusion Our results suggested that P. notoginseng harbors diversified endophytic fungi that would provide a basis for the identification of new bioactive compounds, and for effective biocontrol of notoginseng root rot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Kun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China of Ministry of Education and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Cui-Ping Miao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China of Ministry of Education and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hua-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong, China
| | - Fang-Fang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China of Ministry of Education and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Mei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China of Ministry of Education and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - You-Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China of Ministry of Education and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Li-Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China of Ministry of Education and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Parsa S, García-Lemos AM, Castillo K, Ortiz V, López-Lavalle LAB, Braun J, Vega FE. Fungal endophytes in germinated seeds of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris. Fungal Biol 2016; 120:783-90. [PMID: 27109374 PMCID: PMC4857701 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a survey of fungal endophytes in 582 germinated seeds belonging to 11 Colombian cultivars of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The survey yielded 394 endophytic isolates belonging to 42 taxa, as identified by sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Aureobasidium pullulans was the dominant endophyte, isolated from 46.7 % of the samples. Also common were Fusarium oxysporum, Xylaria sp., and Cladosporium cladosporioides, but found in only 13.4 %, 11.7 %, and 7.6 % of seedlings, respectively. Endophytic colonization differed significantly among common bean cultivars and seedling parts, with the highest colonization occurring in the first true leaves of the seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Parsa
- Life Sciences Innovation Center, University of California, Davis - Chile, Andrés Bello 2299 No. 1102, Providencia, Santiago, Chile; Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali, Colombia
| | - Adriana M García-Lemos
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali, Colombia
| | - Katherine Castillo
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali, Colombia
| | - Viviana Ortiz
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Jerome Braun
- Statistical Consultant, 3034 Boulder Place, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Fernando E Vega
- Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Building 001, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen JL, Liu K, Miao CP, Sun SZ, Chen YW, Xu LH, Guan HL, Zhao LX. Salt tolerance of endophytic Trichoderma koningiopsis YIM PH30002 and its volatile organic compounds (VOCs) allelopathic activity against phytopathogens associated with Panax notoginseng. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
13
|
Ji Q, Gao Y, Zhao Y, He Z, Zang P, Zhu H, Yang H, Li X, Zhang L. Determination of ginsenosides by Bacillus polymyxa conversion and evaluation on pharmacological activities of the conversion products. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Eo JK, Choi MS, Eom AH. Diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from korean ginseng leaves. MYCOBIOLOGY 2014; 42:147-151. [PMID: 25071383 PMCID: PMC4112230 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2014.42.2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the diversity of the foliar endophytes of Korean ginseng. Endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy leaves of mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) and field-cultivated ginseng (FCG) at 4 sites in Chungbuk Province. A total of 24 species of fungal endophytes were identified using molecular approaches. Additionally, the diversity of these endophytic fungi was compared between MCG and FCG. The major isolated endophytes were Edenia gomezpompae and Gibberella moniliformis in the MCG and FCG samples, respectively. The results suggest that ginseng endophytes have different community structures in different environments, and this understanding may prove useful in ginseng cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Kyeong Eo
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongwon 363-791, Korea
| | - Min-Seok Choi
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongwon 363-791, Korea
| | - Ahn-Heum Eom
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongwon 363-791, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu H, Yang HY, You XL, Li YH. Diversity of endophytic fungi from roots of Panax ginseng and their saponin yield capacities. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:107. [PMID: 23543782 PMCID: PMC3610023 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes of medicinal plants have the capacity to synthesis same or similar active substances with their hosts. To investigate the diversity and capacity to produce saponins of endophytic fungi of Panax ginseng, thirty-eight strains of were isolated. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to identify the isolates, and saponins concentrations in the cultures were measured. Agar diffusion method was used to test antimicrobial activity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze ginsenosides produced by representative strains. Nectria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Verticillium, Engyodontium, Plectosphaerella, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Ascomycete species were isolated. Overall, 18.4% of the isolates belonged to Nectria (Nectria haematococca), 13.2% belonged to Aspergillus, and 10.5% belonged to Penicillium. The highest concentration of triterpenoid saponin was 0.181 mg/ml (Pg27), followed by 0.144 mg/ml (Pg30 and Pg42-1). According to the results of the phylogenetic results, these isolates were species of Fusarium, Aspergillus and Verticillium, respectively. The culture filtrate of Pg30 exhibited its antibacterial activity Staphylococcus aureus. Pg 27 and Pg30 could excrete the substances to inhibit the growth of Rhizoctonia solani. Pg42-1 showed strong inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae. From HPLC results, the ginsenoside Rb2 was detected in both Pg27 and Pg30 cultures. The ginsenoside Rc was found in Pg42-1 cultures. In conclusion, thirty-eight endophytic fungal strains were isolated and Pg27 (Fusarium sp.) has a potential application value in saponins production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- College of Life Sciences/Daqing Bio-tech Research Institute, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150040 China
| | - Hong-Yan Yang
- College of Life Sciences/Daqing Bio-tech Research Institute, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150040 China
| | - Xiang-Lin You
- College of Life Sciences/Daqing Bio-tech Research Institute, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150040 China
| | - Yu-Hua Li
- College of Life Sciences/Daqing Bio-tech Research Institute, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150040 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Park YH, Kim YC, Park SU, Lim HS, Kim JB, Cho BK, Bae H. Age-dependent Distribution of Fungal Endophytes in Panax ginseng Roots Cultivated in Korea. J Ginseng Res 2012; 36:327-33. [PMID: 23717135 PMCID: PMC3659589 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2012.36.3.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes were isolated from 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old ginseng roots (Panax ginseng Meyer) cultivated in Korea. The isolated fungal endophytes were identified based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and morphological characterization by microscopic observations. A total of 81 fungal endophytes were isolated from 24 ginseng roots. Fungal endophytes were classified into 9 different fungal species and 2 unknown species. Ginseng roots that were 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-years old were colonized by 2, 6, 8, and 5 species of fungal endophytes, respectively. While Phoma radicina was the most frequent fungal endophyte in 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old ginseng roots, Fusarium solani was the dominant endophyte in 1-year-old ginseng roots. The colonization frequencies (CF) varied with the host age. The CF were 12%, 40%, 31%, and 40% for 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old ginseng roots, respectively. We found a variety of fungal endophytes that were distributed depending on the age of ginseng plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwan Park
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
| | - Young-Chang Kim
- Department of Herbal and Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 369-871, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-754, Korea
| | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Joon Bum Kim
- Warm-Temperate Forest Research Center, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seogwipo 697-050, Korea
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biosystems and Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
| |
Collapse
|