Multisystem abnormalities in a patient with Papillon-Lefevre syndrome

Papillon-Lefévre Syndrome: A Rare Case Report and a Brief Review of Literature

Background: Palmar-plantar hyperkeratosis and severe early-onset periodontitis are the hallmarks of the uncommon autosomal recessive Papillon-Lefévre syndrome (PLS), which may cause both primary and permanent teeth to be lost at an early age. The cause and pathophysiology of the disorder involve several factors, including genetic, immunological, and microbial factors.

Aim: The purpose of this case study is to provide insight into the fascinating role of consanguinity in the aetiology of this unusual illness.

Case Presentation: An unusual PLS case report in a household with two consanguineously married parents was provided. A 17-year-old Saudi boy visited the dental clinic at Riyadh Elm University because he was having problems with loose teeth and pain while chewing, as well as irritated and friable gums. He may be suffering from a genetic condition that has been effectively treated in the past by his elder brother, who is now 26 years old. In this instance, severe extensive periodontitis contributed to the early loss of primary teeth as well as permanent teeth, resulting in PLS. On the lateral surface of the soles, the distinctive skin lesions revealed hyperkeratosis with regions of persistent thickening, flaking, and scaling. There were erythematous patches on the palms, but no hyperkeratosis was seen.

Conclusion: When it comes to Papillon-Lefévre syndrome (PLS), this is an extremely unusual instance since two siblings in the same family were both afflicted. Patients who are stigmatised because of their condition will benefit from early discovery and multidisciplinary treatment.

Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome and Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Study

Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma and early-onset periodontitis. It was first described by Papillon and Lefèvre in 1924. PLS is caused by mutations in the cathepsin-C (CTSC) gene. The development of malignant skin neoplasms in PLS patients is extremely rare. To date, there have been two cases of malignant melanoma (MM) in PLS patients reported in international journals. Further, only one case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been reported in PLS patients. To the best of our knowledge, no cases with basal cell carcinoma in PLS patients have been reported in literature. Thus, we report a case of a 55-year-old male from Arabic Saudi with PLS and basal cell carcinoma. The patient was homozygous for a G-to-C substitution at the nucleotide position 815 (CTSC, c.815G>Cp.(Arg272Pro), which is a pathogenic variant. Since this is not the first case of skin cancer in PLS patients, we are supporting the possibility that cathepsin-C play a role in cancer development.