Growth hormone treatment in children and adolescents

Primary hydatid disease of breast: a case report

Human hydatid disease, or echinococcosis, is a helminthic infection that leads to the formation of fluid-filled cysts in the liver, lungs and other organs. Breast, is a rare primary site of hydatid disease. We report a case of a 45 years old female who presented with a breast lump of 2 years duration. On fine needle aspiration cytology a diagnosis of fibrocystic changes of the breast was made and ultrasonography breast showed a thick walled infected cystic lesion. Intraoperatively, a diagnosis of hydatid cyst was made which was confirmed on histopathology.

Diagnostic efficacy of 0, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min growth hormone samples in insulin tolerance test: utility of growth hormone measurement at different time-points and a cost-effective analysis

OBJECTIVE

To determine the utility of growth hormone (GH) measurement with the insulin tolerance test (ITT), and to carry out a cost-effective analysis of the diagnosis of GH deficiency.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Ninety-nine patients clinically suspected of GH deficiency were evaluated over a period of 14 months (January 2005 to April 2006). Post-insulin samples of GH and blood glucose (BG) samples were drawn at six different time-points. Serum GH levels of <10 microg/L (prepubertal) and <6.1 microg/L (adolescents) were taken as cut-off for the normal response.

RESULTS

Ninety-nine ITTs were carried out during the study period, and GH levels were found to be deficient in 47 subjects. Specificities at different time-points were 0%, 54%, 77%, 62%, 39% and 23% for 0, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min, respectively, in the prepubertal group, and 5%, 41%, 80%, 87%, 77% and 46% at the same time-points for the adolescent group. Accuracy was highest at 45 and 60 min in both the prepubertal and adolescent groups. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the highest area under the curve was found in samples drawn at 45, 60 and 90 min in both the prepubertal and adolescent groups.

CONCLUSION

Our data suggest that 0, 45, 60 and 90 min samples are sufficient for diagnosing GH deficiency, which could lead to potential cost reductions of up to 29.8%.