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Suveica L, Sima OC, Ciobica ML, Nistor C, Cucu AP, Costachescu M, Ciuche A, Nistor TVI, Carsote M. Redo Thyroidectomy: Updated Insights. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5347. [PMID: 39336834 PMCID: PMC11432308 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13185347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk of post-operatory hypothyroidism and hypocalcaemia, along with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, is lower following a less-than-total thyroidectomy; however, a previously unsuspected carcinoma or a disease progression might be detected after initial surgery, hence indicating re-intervention as mandatory (so-called "redo" surgery) with completion. This decision takes into consideration a multidisciplinary approach, but the surgical technique and the actual approach is entirely based on the skills and availability of the surgical team according to the standard protocols regarding a personalised decision. We aimed to introduce a review of the most recently published data, with respect to redo thyroid surgery. For the basis of the discussion, a novel vignette on point was introduced. This was a narrative review. We searched English-language papers according to the key search terms in different combinations such as "redo" and "thyroid", alternatively "thyroidectomy" and "thyroid surgery", across the PubMed database. Inclusion criteria were original articles. The timeframe of publication was between 1 January 2020 and 20 July 2024. Exclusion criteria were non-English papers, reviews, non-human studies, case reports or case series, exclusive data on parathyroid surgery, and cell line experiments. We identified ten studies across the five-year most recent window of PubMed searches that showed a heterogeneous spectrum of complications and applications of different surgeries with respect to redo interventions during thyroid removal (e.g., recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during surgery, other types of incision than cervicotomy, the use of parathyroid fluorescence, bleeding risk, etc.). Most studies addressing novel surgical perspectives focused on robotic-assisted re-intervention, and an expansion of this kind of studies is expected. Further studies and multifactorial models of assessment and risk prediction are necessary to decide, assess, and recommend redo interventions and the most adequate surgical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Suveica
- Department of Family Medicine, "Nicolae Testemiţanu" State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Oana-Claudia Sima
- PhD Doctoral School of "Carol Davila", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology V, C.I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai-Lucian Ciobica
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Rheumatology, "Dr. Carol Davila" Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Claudiu Nistor
- Department 4-Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Thoracic Surgery II Discipline, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Thoracic Surgery Department, "Dr. Carol Davila" Central Emergency University Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca-Pati Cucu
- PhD Doctoral School of "Carol Davila", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Thoracic Surgery Department, "Dr. Carol Davila" Central Emergency University Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Costachescu
- PhD Doctoral School of "Carol Davila", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Ciuche
- Department 4-Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Thoracic Surgery II Discipline, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Thoracic Surgery Department, "Dr. Carol Davila" Central Emergency University Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tiberiu Vasile Ioan Nistor
- Medical Biochemistry Discipline, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mara Carsote
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology V, C.I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Lee JS, Lee JS, Yun HJ, Kim SM, Chang H, Lee YS, Yang J, Lee HS, Chang HS. No Change in Complications Following Thyroidectomy Despite Increase in Thyroid Cancer Surgeries: A Meta-Regression Analysis. Yonsei Med J 2024; 65:348-355. [PMID: 38804029 PMCID: PMC11130591 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The increase in thyroid cancer incidence has inevitably led to an increase in thyroid cancer surgeries. This meta-regression analysis aimed to determine if the rate of post-thyroidectomy complications changes by year. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed and Embase databases were used to perform a systematic literature search of studies published from January 1, 2005, using the keywords "thyroidectomy" and "complication." A meta-regression was performed for post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia and bleeding. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 25 studies involving 927751 individuals. Through the years of publications in this study, there was no significant difference in the proportion of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia and bleeding (p=0.9978, 0.6393). CONCLUSION Although the number of thyroid surgeries has recently increased, the incidence of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia and bleeding did not significantly increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Lee
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeok Jun Yun
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Mo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hojin Chang
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Sang Lee
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Juyeon Yang
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hang-Seok Chang
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Silva RRE, Borges VRDA, Jardim AGS, Volpi MLH, Pope LZB, Medeiros MZ. Correlation between thyroid fine needle aspiration and pathological examination: a 10 year retrospective study. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2023; 21:eAO0418. [PMID: 38126658 PMCID: PMC10730258 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2023ao0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the diagnostic performance of fine-needle aspiration in detecting benign and malignant neoplasm in comparison with post-thyroidectomy histopathological findings among patients who received a thyroidectomy. METHODS Retrospective observational data collected between 2011-2021 were included from patients who received partial or total thyroidectomy. The Bethesda system was used to classify neoplasms from fine-needle aspiration procedures as benign or malignant. Sample characteristics, diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were evaluated. RESULTS Patients (n=360) who underwent thyroidectomy were analyzed, of whom 142 (39.4%) and 218 (60.6%) had benign and malignant neoplasms, respectively. Using the Bethesda system, 23 (6.4%) were classified as unsatisfactory result (BI), 83 (23.1%) as benign (BII), 50 (13.9%) as atypia of undetermined significance (BIII), 23 (6.4%) as suspected follicular or Hürthle cell neoplasia (BIV), 102 (28.3%) as suspected malignancy (BV) and 79 (21.9%) as malignant (BVI). The fine-needle aspiration diagnostic accuracy for carcinomas was 92%, while the sensitivity and specificity were 94.4% and 86.9%, respectively. The negative and positive predictive values were 87.9% and 93.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION Fine-needle aspiration has high diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, and is a reliable test for distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ribeiro e Silva
- Department of MedicineUniversidade da Região de JoinvilleJoinvilleSCBrazil
Department of Medicine
,
Universidade da Região de Joinville
,
Joinville
,
SC
,
Brazil
.
| | - Vinicius Ribas de Abreu Borges
- Department of MedicineUniversidade da Região de JoinvilleJoinvilleSCBrazil
Department of Medicine
,
Universidade da Região de Joinville
,
Joinville
,
SC
,
Brazil
.
| | - Alexandre Grunfeld Starling Jardim
- Department of MedicineUniversidade da Região de JoinvilleJoinvilleSCBrazil
Department of Medicine
,
Universidade da Região de Joinville
,
Joinville
,
SC
,
Brazil
.
| | - Maria Luisa Hostin Volpi
- Department of MedicineUniversidade da Região de JoinvilleJoinvilleSCBrazil
Department of Medicine
,
Universidade da Região de Joinville
,
Joinville
,
SC
,
Brazil
.
| | - Leonora Zozula Blind Pope
- Department of MedicineUniversidade da Região de JoinvilleJoinvilleSCBrazil
Department of Medicine
,
Universidade da Região de Joinville
,
Joinville
,
SC
,
Brazil
.
| | - Manuella Zattar Medeiros
- Pathological Anatomy LaboratoryHospital Dona HelenaJoinvilleSCBrazil
Pathological Anatomy Laboratory
,
Hospital Dona Helena
,
Joinville
,
SC
,
Brazil
.
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Deng Y, Ding G. Diagnosis and treatment of HS after endoscopic thyroid surgery: case report and brief literature review. Front Surg 2023; 10:1267701. [PMID: 37841812 PMCID: PMC10568127 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1267701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Horner's syndrome (HS) is a rare condition due to damage to the 3-neuron sympathetic pathway anywhere between the posterior-lateral nuclei of the hypothalamus and the oculosympathetic fiber, particularly as a post-thyroidectomy symptom. In this case report, we present a case of HS following endoscopic thyroid surgery (ETS) and briefly review the literature. Case report During a routine physical examination, a 29-year-old female patient was incidentally found to have multiple nodules in the right thyroid. She was subsequently admitted to the Department of General Surgery for further examinations and treatment. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy confirmed malignancy in these nodules. As a result, the patient underwent radical resection of the right thyroid and ipsilateral central lymph node dissection using endoscopy. Pathological diagnosis revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma. Unexpectedly, on the third day after the operation, the patient was diagnosed with Horner's syndrome based on the presence of miosis and ptosis. After 1 week of follow-up, the symptoms related to HS significantly improved. Conclusion Horner's syndrome is an uncommon complication of thyroidectomy in patients undergoing ETS. Therefore, it is crucial to perform careful operations and minimize iatrogenic surgical damage to reduce the incidence of HS. This case serves as a reminder that making rational judgments and implementing appropriate measures are essential for achieving a favorable prognosis and preserving facial esthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guoqian Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Mondello C, Baldino G, Cianci V, Gualniera P, Sapienza D, Asmundo A, Ventura Spagnolo E. Professional liability due to complete esophagus section during thyroidectomy: a rare case report. Gland Surg 2023; 12:716-722. [PMID: 37284714 PMCID: PMC10240430 DOI: 10.21037/gs-22-670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Several diagnostic and therapeutic processes are regulated by guidelines and recommendations provided by International and National Societies which offer standardized indications for health-care practitioners, including the treatment of pathologies that may affect the thyroid gland. These documents are very important for patient health promotion and, also, for preventing adverse events associated with patient injuries and related malpractice litigations. Particularly, thyroid surgery can be a cause of professional liability due to complications from surgical errors. Even if the most frequent complications are hypocalcemia and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, this surgical specialty can be also burdened by other rare and serious adverse events such as esophagus lesions. Case Description Here a case of alleged medical malpractice involving a 22-year-old woman reporting a complete esophagus section during thyroidectomy was described. The case analysis highlighted that the surgical treatment was performed for an unconfirmed Graves-Basedow disease which was then assessed as Hashimoto thyroiditis by histological exam of the removed gland. The esophagus section was treated by termino-terminal pharyngo-jejunal anastomosis and termino-terminal jejuno-esophagus anastomosis. The medico-legal analysis of the case revealed two different profiles of medical malpractice related, respectively, to the misdiagnosis of the pathology due to an inappropriate diagnostic-therapeutic procedure and the production of the complete section of the esophagus, representing an extremely rare complication of thyroidectomy. Conclusions Clinicians should ensure an adequate diagnostic-therapeutic path based on guidelines, operational procedures, and evidence-based publications. The non-observance of the "required rules" for diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease can be associated with a very rare and severe complication that strongly compromises the patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mondello
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Gennaro Baldino
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cianci
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gualniera
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Sapienza
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Asmundo
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Elvira Ventura Spagnolo
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
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Alqahtani SM, Al-sohabi HR, Rayzah MF, Alatawi AS, AlFattani AA, Alalawi YS. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury after thyroidectomy: A national study from Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2023; 44:80-84. [PMID: 36634946 PMCID: PMC9987677 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.1.20220710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence and possible risk factors of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, to provide a relevant literature review of studies from other centers in Saudi Arabia, and to present basic statistical data for future studies in our local community. METHODS A retrospective study enrolled patients who were surgically treated for thyroid disease between January 2015 and December 2021. For concerns during the procedure, direct laryngoscopy was carried out before extubation to assess the vocal cords. Similarly, indirect laryngoscopy was carried out for patients who developed postoperative voice changes. All patients were evaluated clinically 2-3 weeks after surgery. Nerve monitors were not used in either case. RESULTS The study examined 437 participants: 361 (82.6%) female and 76 (17.4%) male individuals. The incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was 1.1%. The demographic characteristics, pathology (benign vs. malignant), and extent of thyroidectomy were not significantly associated with the risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. CONCLUSION A recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is a serious complication, and further studies are required to determine the safest techniques for thyroidectomy. However, centralization of thyroid surgery in high-volume centers might reduce this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad M. Alqahtani
- From the Department of Surgery (Alqahtani, Rayzah), College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, from the Department of Surgery (Al-sohabi, Alalawi), King Salman Armed Forces Hospital Northwestern Region, from the Department of Surgery (Alatawi), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Tabuk, and from the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Scientific Computing (AlFattani), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Saad M. Alqahtani, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: ; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2198-7970
| | - Hanan R. Al-sohabi
- From the Department of Surgery (Alqahtani, Rayzah), College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, from the Department of Surgery (Al-sohabi, Alalawi), King Salman Armed Forces Hospital Northwestern Region, from the Department of Surgery (Alatawi), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Tabuk, and from the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Scientific Computing (AlFattani), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaed F. Rayzah
- From the Department of Surgery (Alqahtani, Rayzah), College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, from the Department of Surgery (Al-sohabi, Alalawi), King Salman Armed Forces Hospital Northwestern Region, from the Department of Surgery (Alatawi), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Tabuk, and from the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Scientific Computing (AlFattani), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Saad M. Alqahtani, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: ; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2198-7970
| | - Amani S. Alatawi
- From the Department of Surgery (Alqahtani, Rayzah), College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, from the Department of Surgery (Al-sohabi, Alalawi), King Salman Armed Forces Hospital Northwestern Region, from the Department of Surgery (Alatawi), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Tabuk, and from the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Scientific Computing (AlFattani), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej A. AlFattani
- From the Department of Surgery (Alqahtani, Rayzah), College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, from the Department of Surgery (Al-sohabi, Alalawi), King Salman Armed Forces Hospital Northwestern Region, from the Department of Surgery (Alatawi), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Tabuk, and from the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Scientific Computing (AlFattani), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef S. Alalawi
- From the Department of Surgery (Alqahtani, Rayzah), College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, from the Department of Surgery (Al-sohabi, Alalawi), King Salman Armed Forces Hospital Northwestern Region, from the Department of Surgery (Alatawi), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Tabuk, and from the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Scientific Computing (AlFattani), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Alqahtani SM, Al-sohabi HR, Alfattani AA, Alalawi Y. Post-Thyroidectomy Hematoma: Risk Factors To Be Considered for Ambulatory Thyroidectomy. Cureus 2022; 14:e31539. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Yang X, Zhao JG, Liu M, Wang S, Wang L. Management of Patients with Cervicofacial Edema and Paresthesia during Perioperative Period of Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4775264. [PMID: 36213587 PMCID: PMC9534668 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4775264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To analyze the clinical intervention effect of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy on the neck and face during perioperative period. Method From January 2019 to January 2020, 60 patients included in this study were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the ratio of 1 : 1, with 30 cases in each group. Both groups underwent rapid surgical intervention during the perioperative period. The patients in the observation group received neck and face management. The degree of jaw swelling, the degree of facial microexpression completion, and the changes in jaw and neck sensation were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in neck and face swelling, pain, facial microexpression, and feeling between the two groups before operation. Patients with facial I/II swelling degree in the observation group were significantly more than in the control group, and the patients with III swelling degree were less than in the control group. There was significant difference for facial swelling between the two groups in the three intervention periods after the operation, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The scores of facial microexpression in the observation group were higher than those in the control group during the three postoperative intervention periods, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the pain score of the first day after surgery between the two groups (P = 0.298). In the other two postoperative intervention periods, the pain score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, with a statistically significant difference, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The threshold of chin and neck sensory pressure in the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05) except that the "cheek in area 4" (P = 0.290). Conclusion The results showed that these interventions, such as the elevation of bed after operation, 24-hour intermittent cryotherapy, ice cubes in mouth, and the "meter" functional training, have good clinical effects on the symptoms of facial swelling and abnormal sensation of neck and face. It can accelerate the speed of edema dissipation, improve the patients' postoperative comfort, and improve the satisfaction and quality of life of patients with the effect of surgery and beauty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuhan Number 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jian Guo Zhao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuhan Number 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuhan Number 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuhan Number 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nursing, Wuhan Number 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
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