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Yurtsever I, Atasoy B, Bozkurt S, Yıldız GB, Balsak S, Yabul F, Donmez Z, Selvitop R, Karaman O, Toluk O, Alkan A. Diffusion tensor imaging findings in the hunger and satiety centers of the brain after bariatric surgery: a preliminary study. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:191-197. [PMID: 37231150 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the alterations in the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters measured in the hunger and satiety centers of the brain before and after bariatric surgery (BS) in morbidly obese patients. METHODS Fourty morbidly obese patients were evaluated before and after BS. Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values were calculated from 14 related brain locations, and the DTI parameters were analyzed. RESULTS After the BS, the mean BMI of the patients decreased from 47.53 ± 5.21 to 31.48 ± 4.21. The MD and FA values in the all of the hunger and satiety centers was found statistically significant different in the pre-surgery period compared to the post-surgery period (for each; p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSION The FA and MD changes after BS may be attributed to reversible neuroinflammatory alterations in the hunger and satiety centers. Decreased MD and FA values after BS may be explained by the neuroplastic structural recovery in the related brain locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Yurtsever
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bahar Atasoy
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Bozkurt
- Department of General Surgery, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsen Babacan Yıldız
- Department of Neurology, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Balsak
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yabul
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Donmez
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rabia Selvitop
- Department of Neurology, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Karaman
- Department of Endocrinoloy and Metabolism, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Toluk
- Department of Biostatistics, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alpay Alkan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
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López-Bueno M, Fernández-Aparicio Á, González-Jiménez E, Montero-Alonso MÁ, Schmidt-RioValle J. Self-Care by Muslim Women during Ramadan Fasting to Protect Nutritional and Cardiovascular Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312393. [PMID: 34886119 PMCID: PMC8657156 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The practice of Ramadan involves a series of changes in lifestyle, mainly in eating habits. The research aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of overweight-obesity, the degree of compliance with dietary recommendations and the effects of religious fasting on cardiovascular health among a population of Muslim women living in Melilla, a Spanish city in North Africa. A follow-up cohort study was conducted on 62 healthy adult women (33.6 ± 12.7 years). Anthropometric and body composition parameters were obtained using bioimpedance and dietary records. All of the participants were overweight or obese, especially due to the non-compliance with dietary recommendations; however, more than 60% considered their weight was appropriate or even low. By the end of Ramadan, the women's body mass index and fat component values had fallen significantly (p < 0.001), but this loss was later recovered. Dietary records revealed an excessive consumption of lipids and sodium, and the presence of a high waist-to-hip ratio. All of these factors are related to cardiovascular risk. In conclusion, promoting nutritional health and encouraging year-round self-care among adult Muslim women is necessary in order to ensure healthy fasting during Ramadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta López-Bueno
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 52071 Melilla, Spain;
| | - Ángel Fernández-Aparicio
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Ilustración, 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (Á.F.-A.); (J.S.-R.)
| | - Emilio González-Jiménez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Ilustración, 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (Á.F.-A.); (J.S.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-243-496
| | - Miguel Ángel Montero-Alonso
- Department of Statistics, O.I. Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Av. Investigación, 11, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Jacqueline Schmidt-RioValle
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Ilustración, 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (Á.F.-A.); (J.S.-R.)
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Giles GE, Mahoney CR, Caruso C, Bukhari AS, Smith TJ, Pasiakos SM, McClung JP, Lieberman HR. Two days of calorie deprivation impairs high level cognitive processes, mood, and self-reported exertion during aerobic exercise: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Brain Cogn 2019; 132:33-40. [PMID: 30831453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Military personnel and emergency responders perform cognitively-demanding tasks during periods of sustained physical exertion and limited caloric intake. Cognitive function is preserved during short-term caloric restriction, but it is unclear if preservation extends to combined caloric restriction and physical exertion. According to the "reticular-activating hypofrontality" model, vigorous exertion impairs prefrontal cortex activity and associated functions. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study examined cognitive function during sustained exertion while volunteers were calorically-deprived. Twenty-three volunteers were calorie-depleted for two days on one occasion and fully-fed on another. They completed intermittent bouts of exercise at 40-65% VO2peak while prefrontal cortex-dependent tasks of cognitive control, mood, and perceived exertion were assessed. Calorie deprivation impaired accuracy on the task-switching task of set-shifting (p < .01) and decreased sensitivity on the go/no-go task of response inhibition (p < .05). Calorie deprivation did not affect risk taking on the Rogers risk task. During exercise, calorie deprivation, particularly on day 2, increased perceived exertion (p < .05) and impaired mood states of tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, and confusion (all p < .01). Physical exertion during severe calorie deprivation impairs cognitive control, mood, and self-rated exertion. Reallocation of cerebral metabolic resources from the prefrontal cortex to structures supporting movement may explain these deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Giles
- Cognitive Science and Applications Team, Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Soldier Center, Natick, MA, USA; Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University and CCDC Soldier Center, Medford, MA, USA.
| | - Caroline R Mahoney
- Cognitive Science and Applications Team, Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Soldier Center, Natick, MA, USA; Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University and CCDC Soldier Center, Medford, MA, USA.
| | - Christina Caruso
- Cognitive Science and Applications Team, Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Soldier Center, Natick, MA, USA; Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University and CCDC Soldier Center, Medford, MA, USA.
| | - Asma S Bukhari
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Tracey J Smith
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA.
| | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA.
| | - James P McClung
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA.
| | - Harris R Lieberman
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
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Bashir S, Iqbal M, Jamea A, Alonso-Alonso M, Al-Regaiey K. Cortical thickness, neurocognitive, and body composition effects of fasting during Ramadan. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 24:50. [PMID: 31333729 PMCID: PMC6611184 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_783_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Materials and Methods: Results: Conclusion:
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Bang L, Rø Ø, Endestad T. Normal white matter microstructure in women long-term recovered from anorexia nervosa: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Int J Eat Disord 2018; 51:46-52. [PMID: 29120488 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies point to white matter (WM) microstructure alterations in both adolescent and adult patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). These include reduced fractional anisotropy in several WM fiber tracts, suggesting reduced WM integrity. The extent to which these alterations are reversible with recovery from AN is unclear. There is a paucity of research investigating the presence of WM microstructure alterations in recovered AN patients, and results are inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the presence of WM microstructure alterations in women long-term recovered from AN. METHOD Twenty-one adult women who were recovered from AN for at least 1 year were compared to 21 adult comparison women. Participants were recruited via user-organizations for eating disorders, local advertisements, and online forums. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to compare WM microstructure between groups. Correlations between WM microstructure and clinical characteristics were also explored. RESULTS There were no statistically significant between-group differences in WM microstructure. These null findings remained when employing liberal alpha level thresholds. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant correlations between WM microstructure and clinical characteristics. DISCUSSION Our findings showed normal WM microstructure in long-term recovered patients, indicating the alterations observed during the acute phase are reversible. Given the paucity of research and inconsistent findings, future studies are warranted to determine the presence of WM microstructure alterations following recovery from AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Bang
- Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4956 Nydalen, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Øyvind Rø
- Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4956 Nydalen, Oslo, 0424, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1171 Blindern, Oslo, 0318, Norway
| | - Tor Endestad
- Institute of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094 Blindern, Oslo, 0317, Norway
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