1
|
Hu Y, Zhang L, Zhang H, Zhang B, Yang J, Li R. Prediction power of radiomics in early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38721. [PMID: 38968499 PMCID: PMC11224803 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raiomics is an emerging auxiliary diagnostic tool, but there are still differences in whether it can be applied to predict early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically evaluate the predictive power of radiomics in the early recurrence (ER) of HCC. METHODS Comprehensive studies on the application of radiomics to predict ER in HCC patients after hepatectomy or curative ablation were systematically screened in Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. RESULTS Ten studies which is involving a total of 1929 patients were reviewed. The overall estimates of radiomic models for sensitivity and specificity in predicting the ER of HCC were 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68-0.87) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.73-0.90), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85-0.91). CONCLUSIONS The imaging method is a reliable method for diagnosing HCC. Radiomics, which is based on medical imaging, has excellent power in predicting the ER of HCC. With the help of radiomics, we can predict the recurrence of HCC after surgery more effectively and provide a useful reference for clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Hu
- Department of Radiology, Yuhuan Second People’s Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huangqi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binhao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Renzhan Li
- Department of Radiology, Sanmen People’s Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qian GX, Xu ZL, Li YH, Lu JL, Bu XY, Wei MT, Jia WD. Computed tomography-based radiomics to predict early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma post-hepatectomy in patients background on cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2128-2142. [PMID: 38681988 PMCID: PMC11045480 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i15.2128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the presence of cirrhosis is unfavourable, primarily attributable to the high incidence of recurrence. AIM To develop a machine learning model for predicting early recurrence (ER) of post-hepatectomy HCC in patients with cirrhosis and to stratify patients' overall survival (OS) based on the predicted risk of recurrence. METHODS In this retrospective study, 214 HCC patients with cirrhosis who underwent curative hepatectomy were examined. Radiomics feature selection was conducted using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and recursive feature elimination methods. Clinical-radiologic features were selected through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Five machine learning methods were used for model comparison, aiming to identify the optimal model. The model's performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve [area under the curve (AUC)], calibration, and decision curve analysis. Additionally, the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curve was used to evaluate the stratification effect of the model on patient OS. RESULTS Within this study, the most effective predictive performance for ER of post-hepatectomy HCC in the background of cirrhosis was demonstrated by a model that integrated radiomics features and clinical-radiologic features. In the training cohort, this model attained an AUC of 0.844, while in the validation cohort, it achieved a value of 0.790. The K-M curves illustrated that the combined model not only facilitated risk stratification but also exhibited significant discriminatory ability concerning patients' OS. CONCLUSION The combined model, integrating both radiomics and clinical-radiologic characteristics, exhibited excellent performance in HCC with cirrhosis. The K-M curves assessing OS revealed statistically significant differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Xiang Qian
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zi-Ling Xu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yong-Hai Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, the First People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian-Lin Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Bu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ming-Tong Wei
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei-Dong Jia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maino C, Vernuccio F, Cannella R, Franco PN, Giannini V, Dezio M, Pisani AR, Blandino AA, Faletti R, De Bernardi E, Ippolito D, Gatti M, Inchingolo R. Radiomics and liver: Where we are and where we are headed? Eur J Radiol 2024; 171:111297. [PMID: 38237517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic diffuse conditions and focal liver lesions represent two of the most common scenarios to face in everyday radiological clinical practice. Thanks to the advances in technology, radiology has gained a central role in the management of patients with liver disease, especially due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Since the introduction of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiology has been considered the non-invasive reference modality to assess and characterize liver pathologies. In recent years, clinical practice has moved forward to a quantitative approach to better evaluate and manage each patient with a more fitted approach. In this setting, radiomics has gained an important role in helping radiologists and clinicians characterize hepatic pathological entities, in managing patients, and in determining prognosis. Radiomics can extract a large amount of data from radiological images, which can be associated with different liver scenarios. Thanks to its wide applications in ultrasonography (US), CT, and MRI, different studies were focused on specific aspects related to liver diseases. Even if broadly applied, radiomics has some advantages and different pitfalls. This review aims to summarize the most important and robust studies published in the field of liver radiomics, underlying their main limitations and issues, and what they can add to the current and future clinical practice and literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Maino
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza 20900, Italy.
| | - Federica Vernuccio
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Roberto Cannella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Paolo Niccolò Franco
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Valentina Giannini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Michele Dezio
- Department of Radiology, Miulli Hospital, Acquaviva delle Fonti 70021, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosario Pisani
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari 70121, Italy
| | - Antonino Andrea Blandino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Riccardo Faletti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Elisabetta De Bernardi
- Bicocca Bioinformatics Biostatistics and Bioimaging Centre - B4, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano 20100, Italy; School of Medicine, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano 20100, Italy
| | - Davide Ippolito
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza 20900, Italy; School of Medicine, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano 20100, Italy
| | - Marco Gatti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Riccardo Inchingolo
- Unit of Interventional Radiology, F. Miulli Hospital, Acquaviva delle Fonti 70021, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park JW, Lee H, Hong H, Seong J. Efficacy of Radiomics in Predicting Oncologic Outcome of Liver-Directed Combined Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5405. [PMID: 38001665 PMCID: PMC10670316 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether radiomic features extracted from three-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) can be used to predict clinical outcomes, including objective treatment response (OR) and in-field failure-free survival rate (IFFR), in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received liver-directed combined radiotherapy (LD-CRT). METHODS We included 409 patients, and they were randomly divided into training (n = 307) and validation (n = 102) cohorts. For radiomics models, we extracted 116 radiomic features from the region of interest on the CECT images. Significant clinical prognostic factors are identified to predict the OR and IFFR in the clinical models. We developed clinical models, radiomics models, and a combination of both features (CCR model). RESULTS Among the radiomic models evaluated for OR, the OR-PVP-Peri-1cm model showed favorable predictive performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.647. The clinical model showed an AUC of 0.729, whereas the CCR model showed better performance (AUC 0.759). For the IFFR, the IFFR-PVP-Peri-1cm model showed an AUC of 0.673, clinical model showed 0.687, and the CCR model showed 0.736. We also developed and validated a prognostic nomogram based on CCR models. CONCLUSION In predicting the OR and IFFR in patients with HCC undergoing LD-CRT, CCR models performed better than clinical and radiomics models. Moreover, the constructed nomograms based on these models may provide valuable information on the prognosis of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Won Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hansang Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
| | - Helen Hong
- Department of Software Convergence, College of Interdisciplinary Studies for Emerging Industries, 621 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsil Seong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kang W, Cao X, Luo J. Effect of multiple peritumoral regions of interest ranges based on computed tomography radiomics for the prediction of early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after resection. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:6668-6682. [PMID: 37869280 PMCID: PMC10585524 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Early recurrence (ER) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is defined as recurrence that occurs within two years after resection. Our study aimed to determine the optimal peritumoral regions of interest (ROI) range by comparing the effect of multiple peritumoral radiomics ROIs on predicting ER of HCC, and to develop and validate a combined clinical-radiomics prediction model. Methods A total of 160 HCC patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n=112) and a validation cohort (n=48). The intratumoral original ROI was outlined based on enhanced computed tomography images and then used as the base to sequentially extend outward 1-5 mm to form peritumoral ROI. We developed a logistic regression model to predict ER of HCC. The efficacy of different ROI prediction models was compared to determine the optimal ROI. The combined model divided the patients into a high-risk group and low-risk group. Results Ninety-seven (60.6%) of the patients were ER; the remaining 63 (39.4%) were not ER. The area under the curve values and 95% confidence intervals for ROI 3 were 0.867 (0.802-0.933) and 0.807 (0.682-0.931) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, and ROI 3 was identified as the optimal ROI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined microvascular invasion (MVI) (P=0.037) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (P=0.013) to be independent risk factors for ER. The combined clinical-radiomic model containing the radiomics score, MVI, and AFP had the optimal predictive efficacy, with area under the curve values and 95% confidence intervals of 0.903 (0.848-0.957) and 0.830 (0.709-0.952) in the training and validation cohort, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed significantly ER predicted in the high-risk group than the low-risk group (P<0.001). Conclusions Peritumoral radiomics 3 mm range was determined as the optimal ROI in this study. The clinical-radiomics combined models can effectively stratify high- and low-risk patients for timely clinical treatment and decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Kang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaomeng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Luo
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang X, Zhao M, Zhang C, Chen H, Liu X, An Y, Zhang L, Guo X. Establishment and Clinical Application of the Nomogram Related to Risk or Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:1389-1398. [PMID: 37637500 PMCID: PMC10460189 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s417123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver malignancy, accounting for approximately 90% of all primary liver cancers, with high mortality and a poor prognosis. A large number of predictive models have been applied that integrate multiple clinical factors and biomarkers to predict the prognosis of HCC. Nomograms, as easy-to-use prognostic predictive models, are widely used to predict the probability of clinical outcomes. We searched PubMed with the keywords "hepatocellular carcinoma" and "nomogram", and 974 relative literatures were retrieved. According to the construction methodology and the real validity of the nomograms, in this study, 97 nomograms for HCC were selected in 77 publications. These 97 nomograms were established based on more than 100,000 patients, covering seven main prognostic outcomes. The research data of 56 articles are from hospital-based HCC patients, and 13 articles provided external validation results of the nomogram. In addition to AFP, tumor size, tumor number, stage, vascular invasion, age, and other common prognostic risk factors are included in the HCC-related nomogram, more and more biomarkers, including gene mRNA expression, gene polymorphisms, and gene signature, etc. were also included in the nomograms. The establishment, assessment and validation of these nomograms are also discussed in depth. This study would help clinicians construct and select appropriate nomograms to guide precise judgment and appropriate treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangze Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chensheng Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haobo Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Q, Sheng Y, Jiang Z, Liu H, Lu H, Xing W. What Imaging Modality Is More Effective in Predicting Early Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Hepatectomy Using Radiomics Analysis: CT or MRI or Both? Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2012. [PMID: 37370907 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is of great importance to predict the early recurrence (ER) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy using preoperative imaging modalities. Nevertheless, no comparative studies have been conducted to determine which modality, CT or MRI with radiomics analysis, is more effective. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 119 HCC patients who underwent preoperative CT and MRI. A total of 3776 CT features and 4720 MRI features were extracted from the whole tumor. The minimum redundancy and maximum relevance algorithm (MRMR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were applied for feature selection, then support vector machines (SVMs) were applied for model construction. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to construct combined models that integrate clinical-radiological-pathological (CRP) traits and radscore. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to compare the efficacy of CT, MRI, and CT and MRI models in the test cohort. RESULTS The CT model and MRI model showed no significant difference in the prediction of ER in HCC patients (p = 0.911). RadiomicsCT&MRI demonstrated a superior predictive performance than either RadiomicsCT or RadiomicsMRI alone (p = 0.032, 0.039). The combined CT and MRI model can significantly stratify patients at high risk of ER (area under the curve (AUC) of 0.951 in the training set and 0.955 in the test set) than the CT model (AUC of 0.894 and 0.784) and the MRI model (AUC of 0.856 and 0.787). DCA demonstrated that the CT and MRI model provided a greater net benefit than the models without radiomics analysis. CONCLUSIONS No significant difference was found in predicting the ER of HCC between CT models and MRI models. However, the multimodal radiomics model derived from CT and MRI can significantly improve the prediction of ER in HCC patients after resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou 213200, China
| | - Ye Sheng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou 213200, China
| | - Zhenxing Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou 213200, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou 213200, China
| | - Haitao Lu
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou 213200, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou 213200, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kucukkaya AS, Zeevi T, Chai NX, Raju R, Haider SP, Elbanan M, Petukhova-Greenstein A, Lin M, Onofrey J, Nowak M, Cooper K, Thomas E, Santana J, Gebauer B, Mulligan D, Staib L, Batra R, Chapiro J. Predicting tumor recurrence on baseline MR imaging in patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma using deep machine learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7579. [PMID: 37165035 PMCID: PMC10172370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor recurrence affects up to 70% of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, depending on treatment option. Deep learning algorithms allow in-depth exploration of imaging data to discover imaging features that may be predictive of recurrence. This study explored the use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) to predict HCC recurrence in patients with early-stage HCC from pre-treatment magnetic resonance (MR) images. This retrospective study included 120 patients with early-stage HCC. Pre-treatment MR images were fed into a machine learning pipeline (VGG16 and XGBoost) to predict recurrence within six different time frames (range 1-6 years). Model performance was evaluated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC-ROC). After prediction, the model's clinical relevance was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis with recurrence-free survival (RFS) as the endpoint. Of 120 patients, 44 had disease recurrence after therapy. Six different models performed with AUC values between 0.71 to 0.85. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, five of six models obtained statistical significance when predicting RFS (log-rank p < 0.05). Our proof-of-concept study indicates that deep learning algorithms can be utilized to predict early-stage HCC recurrence. Successful identification of high-risk recurrence candidates may help optimize follow-up imaging and improve long-term outcomes post-treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Said Kucukkaya
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8042, USA
- Institute of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tal Zeevi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8042, USA
| | - Nathan Xianming Chai
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8042, USA
| | - Rajiv Raju
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8042, USA
| | - Stefan Philipp Haider
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8042, USA
| | - Mohamed Elbanan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Bridgeport Hospital, Yale New Haven Health System, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT, 06610, USA
| | - Alexandra Petukhova-Greenstein
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8042, USA
- Institute of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - MingDe Lin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8042, USA
- Visage Imaging, Inc., 12625 High Bluff Drive, Suite 205, San Diego, CA, 92130, USA
| | - John Onofrey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8042, USA
| | - Michal Nowak
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8042, USA
| | - Kirsten Cooper
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8042, USA
| | - Elizabeth Thomas
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8042, USA
| | - Jessica Santana
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8042, USA
| | - Bernhard Gebauer
- Institute of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Mulligan
- Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Lawrence Staib
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8042, USA
| | - Ramesh Batra
- Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Julius Chapiro
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8042, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang C, Cai YQ, Yang JJ, Ma CY, Chen JX, Huang L, Xiang Z, Wu J. Radiomics in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2023:S1499-3872(23)00044-9. [PMID: 37019775 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor. At present, early diagnosis of HCC is difficult and therapeutic methods are limited. Radiomics can achieve accurate quantitative evaluation of the lesions without invasion, and has important value in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Radiomics features can predict the development of cancer in patients, serve as the basis for risk stratification of HCC patients, and help clinicians distinguish similar diseases, thus improving the diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, the prediction of the treatment outcomes helps determine the treatment plan. Radiomics is also helpful in predicting the HCC recurrence, disease-free survival and overall survival. This review summarized the role of radiomics in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Yi-Qi Cai
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Jia-Jia Yang
- Department of Infection Management, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Can-Yu Ma
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Jia-Xi Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Park S, Kim JH, Kim J, Joseph W, Lee D, Park SJ. Development of a deep learning-based auto-segmentation algorithm for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and application to predict microvascular invasion of HCC using CT texture analysis: preliminary results. Acta Radiol 2023; 64:907-917. [PMID: 35570797 DOI: 10.1177/02841851221100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Automatic segmentation has recently been developed to yield objective data. Prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using radiomics has been reported. PURPOSE To develop a deep learning-based auto-segmentation algorithm (DL-AS) for the detection of HCC and to predict MVI using computed tomography (CT) texture analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively collected training data from 249 patients with HCC and validation set from 35 patients. Lesions of the training set were manually drawn by radiologist, in the delayed phase. 2D U-Net was selected as the DL architecture. Using the validation set, one radiologist manually drew 2D and 3D regions of interest twice, and the developed DL-AS was performed twice with a one-month time interval. The reproducibility was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Logistic regression was performed to predict MVI. RESULTS ICC was in the range of 0.190-0.998/0.341-0.997 in the manual 3D/2D segmentation. In contrast, it was perfect in 3D/2D using DL-AS, with a success rate of 88.6% for the detection of HCC. For predicting MVI, sphericity was a significant parameter (odds ratio <0.001; 95% confidence interval <0.001-0.206; P = 0.020) for predicting MVI using 2D DL-AS. However, 3D DL-AS segmentation did not yield a predictive parameter. CONCLUSION The auto-segmentation of HCC using DL-AS provides perfect reproducibility, although it failed to detect 11.4% (4/35). However, the extracted parameters yielded different important predictors of MVI in HCC. Sphericity was a significant predictor in 2D DL-AS and 3D manual segmentation, while discrete compactness was a significant predictor in 2D manual segmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungeun Park
- Department of Radiology, 119754Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, 58927Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, 37990Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Radiology, 58927Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Doohee Lee
- Medical IP Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wei J, Jiang H, Zhou Y, Tian J, Furtado FS, Catalano OA. Radiomics: A radiological evidence-based artificial intelligence technique to facilitate personalized precision medicine in hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Liver Dis 2023:S1590-8658(22)00863-5. [PMID: 36641292 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The high postoperative recurrence rates in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain a major hurdle in its management. Appropriate staging and treatment selection may alleviate the extent of fatal recurrence. However, effective methods to preoperatively evaluate pathophysiologic and molecular characteristics of HCC are lacking. Imaging plays a central role in HCC diagnosis and stratification due to the non-invasive diagnostic criteria. Vast and crucial information is hidden within image data. Other than providing a morphological sketch for lesion diagnosis, imaging could provide new insights to describe the pathophysiological and genetic landscape of HCC. Radiomics aims to facilitate diagnosis and prognosis of HCC using artificial intelligence techniques to harness the immense information contained in medical images. Radiomics produces a set of archetypal and robust imaging features that are correlated to key pathological or molecular biomarkers to preoperatively risk-stratify HCC patients. Inferred with outcome data, comprehensive combination of radiomic, clinical and/or multi-omics data could also improve direct prediction of response to treatment and prognosis. The evolution of radiomics is changing our understanding of personalized precision medicine in HCC management. Herein, we review the key techniques and clinical applications in HCC radiomics and discuss current limitations and future opportunities to improve clinical decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR. China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing 100190, PR. China.
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR. China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing 100190, PR. China; School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, PR. China
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR. China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing 100190, PR. China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR. China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, PR. China.
| | - Felipe S Furtado
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Onofrio A Catalano
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fahmy D, Alksas A, Elnakib A, Mahmoud A, Kandil H, Khalil A, Ghazal M, van Bogaert E, Contractor S, El-Baz A. The Role of Radiomics and AI Technologies in the Segmentation, Detection, and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246123. [PMID: 36551606 PMCID: PMC9777232 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary hepatic neoplasm. Thanks to recent advances in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), there is potential to improve detection, segmentation, discrimination from HCC mimics, and monitoring of therapeutic response. Radiomics, artificial intelligence (AI), and derived tools have already been applied in other areas of diagnostic imaging with promising results. In this review, we briefly discuss the current clinical applications of radiomics and AI in the detection, segmentation, and management of HCC. Moreover, we investigate their potential to reach a more accurate diagnosis of HCC and to guide proper treatment planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Fahmy
- Diagnostic Radiology Department, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Alksas
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Ahmed Elnakib
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Ali Mahmoud
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Heba Kandil
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Faculty of Computer Sciences and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Khalil
- College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 4783, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Ghazal
- Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eric van Bogaert
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sohail Contractor
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ayman El-Baz
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao JW, Shu X, Chen XX, Liu JX, Liu MQ, Ye J, Jiang HJ, Wang GS. Prediction of early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation based on computed tomography radiomics nomogram. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2022; 21:543-550. [PMID: 35705443 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early recurrence results in poor prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT). This study aimed to explore the value of computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics nomogram in predicting early recurrence of patients with HCC after LT. METHODS A cohort of 151 patients with HCC who underwent LT between December 2013 and July 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. A total of 1218 features were extracted from enhanced CT images. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm (LASSO) logistic regression was used for dimension reduction and radiomics signature building. The clinical model was constructed after the analysis of clinical factors, and the nomogram was constructed by introducing the radiomics signature into the clinical model. The predictive performance and clinical usefulness of the three models were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA), respectively. Calibration curves were plotted to assess the calibration of the nomogram. RESULTS There were significant differences in radiomics signature among early recurrence patients and non-early recurrence patients in the training cohort (P < 0.001) and validation cohort (P < 0.001). The nomogram showed the best predictive performance, with the largest area under the ROC curve in the training (0.882) and validation (0.917) cohorts. Hosmer-Lemeshow testing confirmed that the nomogram showed good calibration in the training (P = 0.138) and validation (P = 0.396) cohorts. DCA showed if the threshold probability is within 0.06-1, the nomogram had better clinical usefulness than the clinical model. CONCLUSIONS Our CT-based radiomics nomogram can preoperatively predict the risk of early recurrence in patients with HCC after LT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The Training Site for Postgraduate of Jinzhou Medical University, Beijing 100039, China; Department of Radiology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xin Shu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Chen
- Department of Radiology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jia-Xiong Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Mu-Qing Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ju Ye
- Department of Radiology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hui-Jie Jiang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Gui-Sheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mao Q, Zhou MT, Zhao ZP, Liu N, Yang L, Zhang XM. Role of radiomics in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6002-6016. [PMID: 36405385 PMCID: PMC9669820 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i42.6002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) has high morbidity and mortality as one of the main causes of cancer death. Preoperative risk stratification is critical to guide patient management, but traditional imaging studies have difficulty predicting its biological behavior. The emerging field of radiomics allows the conversion of potential pathophysiological information in existing medical images that cannot be visually recognized into high-dimensional quantitative image features. Tumor lesion characterization, therapeutic response evaluation, and survival prediction can be achieved by analyzing the relationships between these features and clinical and genetic data. In recent years, the clinical application of radiomics to GIC has increased dramatically. In this editorial, we describe the latest progress in the application of radiomics to GIC and discuss the value of its potential clinical applications, as well as its limitations and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Mao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mao-Ting Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhang-Ping Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cui H, Wang KY, Li WY, Zhu HB, Xiao LS, Liu L. CT images-based 3D convolutional neural network to predict early recurrence of solitary hepatocellular carcinoma after radical hepatectomy. Diagn Interv Radiol 2022; 28:524-531. [PMID: 36287132 PMCID: PMC9885724 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2022.201097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The high rate of recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radical hepatectomy is an important factor that affects the long-term survival of patients. This study aimed to develop a computed tomography (CT) images-based 3-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural network (CNN) for the preoperative prediction of early recurrence (ER) (≤2 years) after radical hepatectomy in patients with solitary HCC and to compare the effects of segmentation sampling (SS) and non-segmentation sampling (NSS) on the prediction performance of 3D-CNN. METHODS Contrast-enhanced CT images of 220 HCC patients were used in this study (training group=178 and test group=42). We used SS and NSS to select the volume-of-interest to train SS-3D-CNN and NSS-3D-CNN separately. The prediction accuracy was evaluated using the test group. Finally, gradient-weighted class activation mappings (Grad-CAMs) were plotted to analyze the difference of prediction logic between the SS-3D-CNN and NSS-3D-CNN. RESULTS The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the SS-3D-CNN and NSS3D-CNN in the training group were 0.824 (95% CI: 0.764-0.885) and 0.868 (95% CI: 0.815-0.921). The AUC of the SS-3D-CNN and NSS-3D-CNN in the test group were 0.789 (95% CI: 0.637-0.941) and 0.560 (95% CI: 0.378-0.742). The SS-3D-CNN could stratify patients into low- and high-risk groups, with significant differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS) (P < .001). But NSS-3D-CNN could not effectively stratify them in the test group. According to the Grad-CAMs, compared with SS-3D-CNN, NSS-3D-CNN was obviously interfered by the nearby tissues. CONCLUSION SS-3D-CNN may be of clinical use for identifying high-risk patients and formulating individualized treatment and follow-up strategies. SS is better than NSS in improving the performance of 3D-CNN in our study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cui
- Department of Medical Quality Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun-Yuan Wang
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Li
- Big data center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Bo Zhu
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lu-Shan Xiao
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Medical Quality Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lu XY, Zhang JY, Zhang T, Zhang XQ, Lu J, Miao XF, Chen WB, Jiang JF, Ding D, Du S. Using pre-operative radiomics to predict microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma based on Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI. BMC Med Imaging 2022; 22:157. [PMID: 36057576 PMCID: PMC9440540 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-022-00855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to investigate the value of performing gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics for preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on multiple sequences. Methods We randomly allocated 165 patients with HCC who underwent partial hepatectomy to training and validation sets. Stepwise regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm were used to select significant variables. A clinicoradiological model, radiomics model, and combined model were constructed using multivariate logistic regression. The performance of the models was evaluated, and a nomogram risk-prediction model was built based on the combined model. A concordance index and calibration curve were used to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the nomogram model. Results The tumour margin, peritumoural hypointensity, and seven radiomics features were selected to build the combined model. The combined model outperformed the radiomics model and the clinicoradiological model and had the highest sensitivity (90.89%) in the validation set. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.826, 0.755, and 0.708 for the combined, radiomics, and clinicoradiological models, respectively. The nomogram model based on the combined model exhibited good discrimination (concordance index = 0.79) and calibration. Conclusions The combined model based on radiomics features of Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI, tumour margin, and peritumoural hypointensity was valuable for predicting HCC microvascular invasion. The nomogram based on the combined model can intuitively show the probabilities of MVI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12880-022-00855-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Lu
- Department of Radiology, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, #60 Youth Middle Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji-Yun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, #60 Youth Middle Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, #60 Youth Middle Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xue-Qin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, #60 Youth Middle Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Radiology, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, #60 Youth Middle Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Miao
- Department of Radiology, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, #60 Youth Middle Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Ji-Feng Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, #60 Youth Middle Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Radiology, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, #60 Youth Middle Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Du
- Department of Radiology, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, #60 Youth Middle Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang L, Zhang L, Jiang B, Zhao K, Zhang Y, Xie X. Clinical application of deep learning and radiomics in hepatic disease imaging: a systematic scoping review. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20211136. [PMID: 35816550 PMCID: PMC10162062 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20211136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Artificial intelligence (AI) has begun to play a pivotal role in hepatic imaging. This systematic scoping review summarizes the latest progress of AI in evaluating hepatic diseases based on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science for publications, using terms related to deep learning, radiomics, imaging methods (CT or MR), and the liver. Two reviewers independently selected articles and extracted data from each eligible article. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-AI (QUADAS-AI) tool was used to assess the risk of bias and concerns regarding applicability. RESULTS The screening identified 45 high-quality publications from 235 candidates, including 8 on diffuse liver diseases and 37 on focal liver lesions. Nine studies used deep learning and 36 studies used radiomics. All 45 studies were rated as low risk of bias in patient selection and workflow, but 36 (80%) were rated as high risk of bias in the index test because they lacked external validation. In terms of concerns regarding applicability, all 45 studies were rated as low concerns. These studies demonstrated that deep learning and radiomics can evaluate liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and a series of complications caused by cirrhosis, predict the prognosis of malignant hepatic tumors, and differentiate focal hepatic lesions. CONCLUSIONS The latest studies have shown that deep learning and radiomics based on hepatic CT and MR imaging have potential application value in the diagnosis, treatment evaluation, and prognosis prediction of common liver diseases. The AI methods may become useful tools to support clinical decision-making in the future. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Deep learning and radiomics have shown their potential in the diagnosis, treatment evaluation, and prognosis prediction of a series of common diffuse liver diseases and focal liver lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Keke Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqian Xie
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu C, Yu S, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Chen S, Liu Y. CT-Based Radiomics Nomogram Improves Risk Stratification and Prediction of Early Recurrence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Partial Hepatectomy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:896002. [PMID: 35875140 PMCID: PMC9302642 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.896002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To develop and validate an intuitive computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics nomogram for the prediction and risk stratification of early recurrence (ER) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after partial hepatectomy. Methods A total of 132 HCC patients treated with partial hepatectomy were retrospectively enrolled and assigned to training and test sets. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and gradient boosting decision tree were used to extract quantitative radiomics features from preoperative contrast-enhanced CT images of the HCC patients. The radiomics features with predictive value for ER were used, either alone or in combination with other predictive features, to construct predictive models. The best performing model was then selected to develop an intuitive, simple-to-use nomogram, and its performance in the prediction and risk stratification of ER was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results The radiomics model based on the radiomics score (Rad-score) achieved AUCs of 0.870 and 0.890 in the training and test sets, respectively. Among the six predictive models, the combined model based on the Rad-score, Edmondson grade, and tumor size had the highest AUCs of 0.907 in the training set and 0.948 in the test set and was used to develop an intuitive nomogram. Notably, the calibration curve and DCA for the nomogram showed good calibration and clinical application. Moreover, the risk of ER was significantly different between the high- and low-risk groups stratified by the nomogram (p <0.001). Conclusions The CT-based radiomics nomogram developed in this study exhibits outstanding performance for ER prediction and risk stratification. As such, this intuitive nomogram holds promise as a more effective and user-friendly tool in predicting ER for HCC patients after partial hepatectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyun Wu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shufeng Yu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuangxi Chen
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li N, Wan X, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Hong D. Tumor and peritumor radiomics analysis based on contrast-enhanced CT for predicting early and late recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver resection. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:664. [PMID: 35715783 PMCID: PMC9205126 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In China, liver resection has been proven to be one of the most important strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma patients, but the recurrence rate is high. This study sought to investigate the prognostic value of pretreatment tumor and peritumor contrast-enhanced CT radiomics features for early and late recurrence of BCLC stage 0-B hepatocellular carcinoma after liver resection. Methods This study involved 329 hepatocellular carcinoma patients after liver resection. A radiomics model was built by using Lasso-Cox regression model. Association between radiomics model and recurrence-free survival was explored by using Harrell’s concordance index (C-Index) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Then, we combined the radiomics model and clinical factors to establish a nomogram whose calibration and discriminatory ability were revealed. Results Ten significant tumor and peritumor features were screened to build the radiomics model whose C-indices were 0.743 [95% CI, 0.707 to 0.778] and 0.69 [95% CI, 0.629 to 0.751] in the training and validation cohorts. Moreover, the discriminative accuracy of the radiomics model improved with peritumor features entry. The C-indices of the combined model were 0.773 [95% CI, 0.739 to 0.806] and 0.727 [95% CI, 0.667 to 0.787] in the training and validation cohorts, outperforming the radiomics model. Conclusions The tumor and peritumor contrast-enhanced CT radiomic signature is a quantitative imaging biomarker that could improve the prediction of early and late recurrence after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma patients when used in addition to clinical predictors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09743-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nu Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoting Wan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Zitian Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Guo
- GE Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Duo Hong
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lin N, Yu S, Lin M, Shi Y, Chen W, Xia Z, Cheng Y, Sha Y. A Clinical-Radiomics Nomogram Based on the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) for Individualized Prediction of the Risk of Early Relapse in Advanced Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:870935. [PMID: 35651794 PMCID: PMC9149576 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.870935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop and validate a nomogram model combining radiomic features and clinical characteristics to preoperatively predict the risk of early relapse (ER) in advanced sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas (SNSCCs). Methods A total of 152 SNSCC patients (clinical stage III-IV) who underwent diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were included in this study. The training cohort included 106 patients assessed at the headquarters of our hospital using MR scanner 1. The testing cohort included 46 patients assessed at the branch of our hospital using MR scanner 2. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied for feature selection and radiomic signature (radscore) construction. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to identify independent predictors. The performance of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA). Furthermore, the patients were classified into high- or low-risk ER subgroups according to the optimal cutoff value of the nomogram using X-tile. The recurrence-free survival probability (RFS) of each subgroup was assessed. Results ER was noted in 69 patients. The radscore included 8 selected radiomic features. The radscore, T stage and surgical margin were independent predictors. The nomogram showed better performance (AUC = 0.92) than either the radscore or the clinical factors in the training cohort (P < 0.050). In the testing cohort, the nomogram showed better performance (AUC = 0.92) than the clinical factors (P = 0.016) and tended to show better performance than the radscore (P = 0.177). The nomogram demonstrated good calibration and clinical utility. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the 2-year RFS rate for low-risk patients was significantly greater than that for high-risk patients in both the training and testing cohorts (P < 0.001). Conclusions The ADC-based radiomic nomogram model is potentially useful in predicting the risk of ER in advanced SNSCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naier Lin
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sihui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyan Lin
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqian Shi
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Xia
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushu Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Sha
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ding W, Wang Z, Liu FY, Cheng ZG, Yu X, Han Z, Zhong H, Yu J, Liang P. A Hybrid Machine Learning Model Based on Semantic Information Can Optimize Treatment Decision for Naïve Single 3-5-cm HCC Patients. Liver Cancer 2022; 11:256-267. [PMID: 35949294 PMCID: PMC9218628 DOI: 10.1159/000522123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor recurrence is an abomination for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving local treatment. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to build a hybrid machine learning model to recommend optimized first treatment (laparoscopic hepatectomy [LH] or microwave ablation [MWA]) for naïve single 3-5-cm HCC patients based on early recurrence (ER, ≤2 years) probability. METHODS This retrospective study collected 20 semantic variables of 582 patients (LH: 300, MWA: 282) from 13 hospitals with at least 24 months follow-up. Both groups were divided into training, validation, and test set, respectively. Five algorithms (logistics regression, random forest, neural network, stochastic gradient boosting, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting [XGB]) were used for model building. A model with highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in a validation set of LH and MWA was selected to connect as a hybrid model which made decision based on ER probability. Model testing was performed in a comprehensive set comprising LH and MWA test sets. RESULTS Four variables in each group were selected to build LH and MWA models, respectively. LH-XGB model (AUC = 0.744) and MWA-stochastic gradient method (AUC = 0.750) model were selected for model building. In the comprehensive set, a treatment confusion matrix was established based on recommended and actual treatment. The predicted ER probabilities were comparable with the actual ER rates for various types of patients in matrix (p > 0.05). ER rate of patients whose actual treatment consistent with recommendation was lower than that of inconsistent patients (LH: 21.2% vs. 46.2%, p = 0.042; MWA: 26.3% vs. 54.1%, p = 0.048). By recommending optimal treatment, the hybrid model can significantly reduce ER probability from 38.2% to 25.6% for overall patients (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The hybrid model can accurately predict ER probability of different treatments and thereby provide reliable evidence to make optimal treatment decision for patients with single 3-5-cm HCC.
Collapse
|
22
|
Tang YY, Zhao YN, Zhang T, Chen ZY, Ma XL. Comprehensive radiomics nomogram for predicting survival of patients with combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:7173-7189. [PMID: 34887636 PMCID: PMC8613648 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i41.7173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) is defined as a single nodule showing differentiation into HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and has a poor prognosis. AIM To develop a radiomics nomogram for predicting post-resection survival of patients with cHCC-CCA. METHODS Patients with pathologically diagnosed cHCC-CCA were randomly divided into training and validation sets. Radiomics features were extracted from portal venous phase computed tomography (CT) images using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression and random forest analysis. A nomogram integrating the radiomics score and clinical factors was developed using univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression. Nomogram performance was assessed in terms of the C-index as well as calibration, decision, and survival curves. RESULTS CT and clinical data of 118 patients were included in the study. The radiomics score, vascular invasion, anatomical resection, total bilirubin level, and satellite lesions were found to be independent predictors of overall survival (OS) and were therefore included in an integrative nomogram. The nomogram was more strongly associated with OS (hazard ratio: 8.155, 95% confidence interval: 4.498-14.785, P < 0.001) than a model based on the radiomics score or only clinical factors. The area under the curve values for 1-year and 3-year OS in the training set were 0.878 and 0.875, respectively. Patients stratified as being at high risk of poor prognosis showed a significantly shorter median OS than those stratified as being at low risk (6.1 vs 81.6 mo, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This nomogram may predict survival of cHCC-CCA patients after hepatectomy and therefore help identify those more likely to benefit from surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Yin Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu-Nuo Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhe-Yu Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xue-Lei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Feng B, Ma XH, Wang S, Cai W, Liu XB, Zhao XM. Application of artificial intelligence in preoperative imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: Current status and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:5341-5350. [PMID: 34539136 PMCID: PMC8409162 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i32.5341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant liver tumor in China. Preoperative diagnosis of HCC is challenging because of atypical imaging manifestations and the diversity of focal liver lesions. Artificial intelligence (AI), such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning, has recently gained attention for its capability to reveal quantitative information on images. Currently, AI is used throughout the entire radiomics process and plays a critical role in multiple fields of medicine. This review summarizes the applications of AI in various aspects of preoperative imaging of HCC, including segmentation, differential diagnosis, prediction of histopathology, early detection of recurrence after curative treatment, and evaluation of treatment response. We also review the limitations of previous studies and discuss future directions for diagnostic imaging of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Feng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Ma
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xia-Bi Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Intelligent Information Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin-Ming Zhao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lin Z, Tang B, Cai J, Wang X, Li C, Tian X, Yang Y, Wang X. Preoperative prediction of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Eur J Radiol 2021; 139:109693. [PMID: 33857829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a radiomics model and a combined model for preoperative prediction of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy and to compare the predictive performance of the two models with the traditional Fistula Risk Score system. METHODS A total of 250 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with preoperative computed tomography (CT) were divided into a training set (n = 175) and validation set (n = 75). The pancreatic area was automatically segmented on the portal venous phase CT images using a 3D U-Net segmentation model. A radiomics model was developed using radiomics features extracted from the volume of interest (VOI) and a combined model was developed using radiomics features, demographic information and radiological features. The FRS was also used to predict POPF. The predictive performance of the prediction models was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS Eleven and 18 features were extracted for the radiomics model and combined model, respectively. The combined model showed excellent predictive value, with an AUC of 0.871 (95 %CI 0.816,0.926) and 0.869 (95 %CI 0.779,0.958) in the training cohort and validation cohort, respectively. Calibration curves and DCA showed that the combined model outperformed the traditional FRS system and radiomics model. CONCLUSION The combined model exhibited excellent predictive performance and outperformed the traditional FRS system and radiomics model in the preoperative prediction of CR-POPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Lin
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Bingjun Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jinxiu Cai
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiangpeng Wang
- Beijing Smart Tree Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100011, China
| | - Changxin Li
- Beijing Smart Tree Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100011, China
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yinmo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Maruyama H, Yamaguchi T, Nagamatsu H, Shiina S. AI-Based Radiological Imaging for HCC: Current Status and Future of Ultrasound. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020292. [PMID: 33673229 PMCID: PMC7918339 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer worldwide. Recent international guidelines request an identification of the stage and patient background/condition for an appropriate decision for the management direction. Radiomics is a technology based on the quantitative extraction of image characteristics from radiological imaging modalities. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are the principal axis of the radiomics procedure and may provide various results from large data sets beyond conventional techniques. This review article focused on the application of the radiomics-related diagnosis of HCC using radiological imaging (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound (B-mode, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and elastography)), and discussed the current role, limitation and future of ultrasound. Although the evidence has shown the positive effect of AI-based ultrasound in the prediction of tumor characteristics and malignant potential, posttreatment response and prognosis, there are still a number of issues in the practical management of patients with HCC. It is highly expected that the wide range of applications of AI for ultrasound will support the further improvement of the diagnostic ability of HCC and provide a great benefit to the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Maruyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.N.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-38133111; Fax: +81-3-56845960
| | - Tadashi Yamaguchi
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan;
| | - Hiroaki Nagamatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Shuichiro Shiina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.N.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yuan G, Song Y, Li Q, Hu X, Zang M, Dai W, Cheng X, Huang W, Yu W, Chen M, Guo Y, Zhang Q, Chen J. Development and Validation of a Contrast-Enhanced CT-Based Radiomics Nomogram for Prediction of Therapeutic Efficacy of Anti-PD-1 Antibodies in Advanced HCC Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613946. [PMID: 33488622 PMCID: PMC7820863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is no study accessible now assessing the prognostic aspect of radiomics for anti-PD-1 therapy for patients with HCC. Aim The aim of this study was to develop and validate a radiomics nomogram by incorporating the pretreatment contrast-enhanced Computed tomography (CT) images and clinical risk factors to estimate the anti-PD-1 treatment efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) patients. Methods A total of 58 patients with advanced HCC who were refractory to the standard first-line of therapy, and received PD-1 inhibitor treatment with Toripalimab, Camrelizumab, or Sintilimab from 1st January 2019 to 31 July 2020 were enrolled and divided into two sets randomly: training set (n = 40) and validation set (n = 18). Radiomics features were extracted from non-enhanced and contrast-enhanced CT scans and selected by using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. Finally, a radiomics nomogram was developed based on by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated by discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. Results Eight radiomics features from the whole tumor and peritumoral regions were selected and comprised of the Fusion Radiomics score. Together with two clinical factors (tumor embolus and ALBI grade), a radiomics nomogram was developed with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.894 (95% CI, 0.797–0.991) and 0.883 (95% CI, 0.716–0.998) in the training and validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed that nomogram had good consistency and clinical usefulness. Conclusions This study has developed and validated a radiomics nomogram by incorporating the pretreatment CECT images and clinical factors to predict the anti-PD-1 treatment efficacy in patients with advanced HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangda Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengya Zang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wencong Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Oncology, ShunDe Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxuan Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian Chen
- Department of Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yabing Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinzhang Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tang Y, Zhang T, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Ma X. Development and validation of a comprehensive radiomics nomogram for prognostic prediction of primary hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma after surgical resection. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1711-1720. [PMID: 33746587 PMCID: PMC7976557 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.53602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to establish and validate a radiomics nomogram comprised of clinical factors and radiomics signatures to predict prognosis of primary hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma (PHSC) patients after surgical resection. Methods: In this retrospective study, 79 patients with pathological confirmation of PHSC and underwent surgical resection were recruited. A radiomics nomogram was developed by radiomics signatures and independent clinical risk factors selecting from multivariate Cox regression. All patients were stratified as high risk and low risk by nomogram. Model performance and clinical usefulness were assessed by C-index, calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA) and survival curve. Results: A total of 79 PHSC were included with 1-year and 3-year overall survival rates of 63.3% and 35.4%, respectively. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method selected 3 features. Multivariate Cox analysis found six independent prognostic factors. The radiomics nomogram showed a significant prediction value with overall survival (HR: 7.111, 95%CI: 3.933-12.858, P<0.001). C-index of nomogram was 0.855 and 0.829 in training and validation set, respectively. Decision curve analysis validated the clinical utility of this nomogram. There was a significant difference in the 1-year and 3-year survival rates of stratified high-risk and low-risk patients in the whole cohort (30.6% vs. 90.1% and 5.6% vs. 62.4%, respectively, P < 0.001). Conclusion: This radiomics nomogram serve as a potential tool for predicting prognosis of PHSC after surgical resection, and help to identify high risk patients who may obtain feeble survival benefit from surgical resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youyin Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunuo Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheyu Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|