Detection of CYP1A1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms in bladder cancer patients in a Turkish population using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method

Polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing genes and urinary bladder cancer susceptibility and prognosis: Possible impacts and future management

Epidemiological studies have shown the association of genetic variants with risks of occupational and environmentally induced cancers, including bladder (BC). The current review summarizes the effects of variants in genes encoding phase I and II enzymes in well-designed studies to highlight their contribution to BC susceptibility and prognosis. Polymorphisms in genes codifying drug-metabolizing proteins are of particular interest because of their involvement in the metabolism of exogenous genotoxic compounds, such as tobacco and agrochemicals. The prognosis between muscle-invasive and non-muscle-invasive diseases is very different, and it is difficult to predict which will progress worse. Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline were searched to identify studies published between January 1, 2010, and February 2023. We included 73 eligible studies, more than 300 polymorphisms, and 46 genes/loci. The most studied candidate genes/loci of phase I metabolism were CYP1B1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2A6, CYP3E1, and ALDH2, and those in phase II were GSTM1, GSTT1, NAT2, GSTP1, GSTA1, GSTO1, and UGT1A1. We used the 46 genes to construct a network of proteins and to evaluate their biological functions based on the Reactome and KEGG databases. Lastly, we assessed their expression in different tissues, including normal bladder and BC samples. The drug-metabolizing pathway plays a relevant role in BC, and our review discusses a list of genes that could provide clues for further exploration of susceptibility and prognostic biomarkers.

Association Between CYP24A1 Polymorphisms and Bladder Cancer Risk in the Chinese Han Population

In this cohort of 217 bladder cancer patients and 484 healthy controls, we explored the association between CYP24A1 variants (rs2762934, rs1570669, rs6068816, rs2296241) and bladder cancer risk in the Chinese Han population. Utilizing the Agena MassARRAY system, we genotyped four selected CYP24A1 polymorphisms. Logistic regression revealed a significant association of rs2762934 and rs1570669 with elevated bladder cancer risk, while rs6068816 exhibited a protective effect. Bioinformatics analysis of CYP24A1 expression in normal and cancerous bladder tissues indicated higher expression in normal tissue. In conclusion, our findings highlight the potential role of CYP24A1 variants in bladder cancer susceptibility.

Genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A, CYP1B, CYP2C and risk of cervical cancer among rural population of Maharashtra: Findings from a hospital-based case-control study

BACKGROUND

Last few decades, multiple studies all over the world revealed the association of genetic polymorphism in cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes with risk of developing different type of cancers, but contradictory outcomes were evidenced in case of cervical cancer (CC) risk. Therefore, the discrepancies in earlier reports influenced us to evaluate the association of CYP1A1*2A rs4646903, CYP1B1*3 rs1056836, CYP2C8*2 rs11572103, CYP2C9*2 rs1799853, CYP2C9*3 rs1057910, and CYP2C19*2 rs4244285 polymorphisms and CC susceptibility in the women of rural population of Maharashtra.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this case-control study, genetic association of the polymorphisms in CYP genes was studied by using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The study was conducted among 350 clinically confirmed CC patients and 350 healthy volunteers in a population of south-western Maharashtra. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and P value were evaluated to get the level of association where P ≤ 0.005 was considered as statistically significant.

RESULTS

After the analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19, we noticed that CYP1B1*3 rs1056836 (Leu4326Val) polymorphism possessed a significantly elevated risk (OR = 3.28; 95% CI: 2.18-4.94; P < 0.0001), whereas CYP2C19*2 rs4244285 showed significantly lower risk (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.33-0.85 P < 0.009) of CC in the studied rural population.

CONCLUSION

The findings from this study supported that rs1056836 SNP of CYP1B1*3 increase CC development, whereas rs4244285 of CYP2C19*2 lowers the CC risk in the studied population.

Investigation of the Roles of MTHFR (C677T and A1298C) and MMP-2 (-1306C>T ) Variations in Bladder Cancer Development

OBJECTIVE

Bladder cancer is a complex malignancy and has been associated with high morbidity. Since susceptibility to bladder cancer development differs between individuals, determining the roles of MTHFR and MMP-2 gene variations associated with this cancer is important for analyzing differences in individual susceptibility. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of MTHFR and MMP-2 gene variations in the development of bladder cancer in the Thrace region of Turkey.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

One hundred seventy-nine blood samples were collected, including 98 patients with bladder cancer and 81 healthy controls. DNA extraction was carried out with blood samples. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was applied to detect MTHFR C677T (rs 1801133), MTHFR A1298C (rs 1801131), and MMP-2 (-1306C>T) (rs 243865) gene variants.

RESULTS

For the MTHFR A1298C gene variation, CC genotype was the genetic risk factor (P=.0001), while AC genotype was the protective factor (P< .0001) in the development of bladder cancer. For the MMP-2 (-1306C>T) gene variation, TT genotype (P < .0001) and T allele (P=.0006) were genetic risk factors, while AC genotype (P=.0009) was the protective factor in the development of bladder cancer. For C677T/A1298C gene variations, CC-CC combined genotype was the genetic risk factor (P=.009), while CT-AC and CC-AC combined genotypes were potential protective biomarkers (P=.013 and P < .001, respectively).

CONCLUSION

In our study, TT genotype and T allele were determined as genetic risk factors for MMP-2 (-1306C>T) gene variation. For C677T/A1298C gene variations, CC- CC combined genotype was detected as the genetic risk factor in the development of bladder cancer.