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Lan Y, Chen J, Chen S, He Y, Huang F. Influences of Adenoid Hypertrophy on Children's Maxillofacial Development. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2812. [PMID: 37957957 PMCID: PMC10647577 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the association between adenoid hypertrophy and facial development. A total of 388 children aged 1-13 years old who had undergone head MRI in Foshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital were collected, including 196 hypertrophic cases and 192 normal cases. The maxillofacial soft tissue indicators were measured and compared. The A/N ratio and adenoid thickness consistently increased with age in the hypertrophic group and the A/N ratio reached a maximum value three years earlier than the normal group. The pharyngeal airway space, vallecula of epiglottis to anterior plane distance of the third/fourth cervical vertebrae, angle of convexity, total angle of convexity, and the nasolabial angle in the hypertrophy group were smaller than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The thickness of adenoids, palate height, palate length, and tongue length in the hypertrophy group exceeded that of the control group (p < 0.05). To conclude, adenoid hypertrophy was associated with craniofacial features such as a convex facial profile, a narrowed nasopharyngeal airway, an elongated and heightened palate, a lengthened tongue or a lower tongue position. These findings emphasize the importance of early intervention for children with adenoid hypertrophy to mitigate potential adverse effects on maxillofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Lan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jieyi Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shoucheng Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yifan He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Lin L, Zhao T, Qin D, Hua F, He H. The impact of mouth breathing on dentofacial development: A concise review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:929165. [PMID: 36159237 PMCID: PMC9498581 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.929165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouth breathing is one of the most common deleterious oral habits in children. It often results from upper airway obstruction, making the air enter completely or partially through oral cavity. In addition to nasal obstruction caused by various kinds of nasal diseases, the pathological hypertrophy of adenoids and/or tonsils is often the main etiologic factor of mouth breathing in children. Uncorrected mouth breathing can result in abnormal dental and maxillofacial development and affect the health of dentofacial system. Mouth breathers may present various types of growth patterns and malocclusion, depending on the exact etiology of mouth breathing. Furthermore, breathing through the oral cavity can negatively affect oral health, increasing the risk of caries and periodontal diseases. This review aims to provide a summary of recent publications with regard to the impact of mouth breathing on dentofacial development, describe their consistencies and differences, and briefly discuss potential reasons behind inconsistent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhuo Lin
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Center for Dentofacial Development and Sleep Medicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danchen Qin
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Hua
- Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Center for Dentofacial Development and Sleep Medicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Center for Evidence-Based Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Fang Hua
| | - Hong He
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Center for Dentofacial Development and Sleep Medicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hong He
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Zhang L, Liu H. Influence of Adenoid Hypertrophy on Malocclusion and Maxillofacial Development in Children. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:2052359. [PMID: 35845592 PMCID: PMC9283056 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2052359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of adenoid hypertrophy on malocclusion and maxillofacial development in children. Methods Total of 102 children with malocclusion or maxillofacial dysplasia admitted to our hospital from March 2017 to June 2020 were selected as the research subjects. All children were divided into a control group (50 cases with adenoid hypertrophy) and an observation group (52 cases without adenoid hypertrophy) according to the presence or absence of adenoid hypertrophy. The incidence of malocclusion was compared between the two groups, and lateral cranial radiographs were taken in both groups to measure and compare the malocclusion angle, jaw angle, and jaw length indexes between the two groups. Results The incidence of malocclusion in the observation group (71.15%) was higher than that in the control group (42.00%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The angle between the long axis of the upper central incisor and the nasal root point and the upper alveolar base point (U1-NA), the angle between the long axis of the lower central incisor and the nasal root point and the lower alveolar base point (L1-NB), the angle between mandibular plane and anterior cranial base plane (MP-SN), the angle between the long axis of upper central incisor and anterior cranial base plane (U1-SN), the angle between the long axis of lower central incisor and mandibular plane (L1-MP), the angle of Y axis, the overall height (N-Me), lower height (ANS-Me), overall height/back height (N-Me/S-Go), and lower height/overall height (ANS-Me/N-Me) values in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, while the mandibular length (Go-Gn) values in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Adenoid hypertrophy can increase the incidence of malocclusion in children and can also increase the steepness and overall height and lower height of the mandible, resulting in the lengthening of the facial shape and the development of the maxillofacial deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou 412000, Hunan Province, China
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Diouf JS, Ouédraogo Y, Souaré N, Badiane A, Diop-Bâ K, Ngom PI, Zouaki A, Diagne F. Comparison of dental arch measurements according to the grade and the obstructive character of adenoids. Int Orthod 2019; 17:333-341. [PMID: 30987957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obstructive adenoid hypertrophy is cited as one of the causes of mouth breathing and leads to disharmony in the development of orofacial structures. The objective of this study was to compare the measurements of dental arches according to the grade and the obstructive character of adenoids. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out with 86 children. The grade and the obstructive character of adenoids were determined from Holmberg and Cohen's radiographic methods respectively. Dental arch measurements were taken on dental casts. A t-test and a Chi2 test were performed respectively to compare the quantitative and qualitative variables of dental arches according to the obstructive character. An Anova test made it possible to compare the quantitative variables according to the grade as Holmberg defined it. For variables that showed significant differences, a Post Hoc test was used. The significance level was set at P=0.05. RESULTS Subjects with obstructive adenoids had a shorter posterior mandibular length (P=0.04) and a greater overbite (P=0.04) than those with non-obstructive adenoids. Those with grade 4 had a greater arch depth (P=0.02) and were more prone to open bite(P=0.03). CONCLUSION A prevention program involving the otorhinolaryngologist and the orthodontist for subjects with obstructive adenoids or grade 4 is necessary to minimize their influence on dental arch relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Samba Diouf
- Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Service d'Orthodontie, Département d'Odontologie, Senegal.
| | - Youssouf Ouédraogo
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, Université Ouaga I, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Ngoné Souaré
- Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Service d'Orthodontie, Département d'Odontologie, Senegal
| | - Alpha Badiane
- Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Service d'Orthodontie, Département d'Odontologie, Senegal
| | - Khady Diop-Bâ
- Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Service d'Orthodontie, Département d'Odontologie, Senegal
| | - Papa Ibrahima Ngom
- Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Service d'Orthodontie, Département d'Odontologie, Senegal
| | - Ayoub Zouaki
- Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Service d'Orthodontie, Département d'Odontologie, Senegal
| | - Falou Diagne
- Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Service d'Orthodontie, Département d'Odontologie, Senegal
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Diouf JS, Ouedraogo Y, Seck K, Badiane A, Ngom PI, Diop-Ba K, Zouaki A, Diagne F. [Relationships between the size of the adenoids and the dental arch measurements]. Orthod Fr 2018; 89:411-420. [PMID: 30565559 DOI: 10.1051/orthodfr/2018037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enlarged adenoids are often associated with oral breathing. The latter can impact the dental arches. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between dental arch measurements and the size of adenoids. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on 86 children. The dimensions of the adenoids were determined from nine radiographic evaluation methods and the dental arch measurements made on the casts. The association between the grade of adenoids and the dental arch measurements was sought by Spearman correlation. That between the quantitative variables assessing adenoids and dental arch measurements was sought by Pearson correlation. The strength of these associations was analyzed using Cohen's values in 1988. The significance was set at p = 0.05. RESULTS Palatal depth was significantly and positively correlated with adenoid grade according to the method of Holmberg and Linder-Aronson (rho = 0.55, p = 0.005) and with the adenoid measurements according to the methods of Kemaloglu, Fujioka, Johannesson, De Menezes and Maran with r respectively equal to 0.65, 0.59, 0.63, 0.47, 0.74; and p respectively equal to 0.001, 0.002, 0.001, 0.019, and < 0.001. It was also significantly but negatively correlated with the adenoids measurements according to Hibbert's method (r = -0.52, p = 0.008). Overbite was significantly and negatively correlated with adenoid dimension using the De Menezes method (r = -0.541, p = 0.006). DISCUSSION The strength of the associations shows that using respectively Maran and De Menezes methods can allow to better highlight the association between the dimensions of the adenoids and the palatal depth and the overbite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Samba Diouf
- Service d'Orthodontie, Département d'Odontologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Youssouf Ouedraogo
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, Université Ouaga I, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Khady Seck
- Service d'Orthodontie, Département d'Odontologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Alpha Badiane
- Service d'Orthodontie, Département d'Odontologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Papa Ibrahima Ngom
- Service d'Orthodontie, Département d'Odontologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Khady Diop-Ba
- Service d'Orthodontie, Département d'Odontologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Ayoub Zouaki
- Service d'Orthodontie, Département d'Odontologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Falou Diagne
- Service d'Orthodontie, Département d'Odontologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar, Sénégal
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