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Lee HJ, Choi BG, Joo YH, Baeg CH, Kim JY, Kim DH, Lee SS, Kim SC. The Effects of Microbial Additive Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites, Fecal Microflora, and Carcass Characteristics of Growing-Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1268. [PMID: 38731272 PMCID: PMC11083169 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of microbial additives that produce antimicrobial and digestive enzymes on the growth performance, blood metabolites, fecal microflora, and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 180 growing-finishing pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc; mixed sex; 14 weeks of age; 58.0 ± 1.00 kg) were then assigned to one of three groups with three repetitions (20 pigs) per treatment for 60 days of adaptation and 7 days of collection. Dietary treatments included 0, 0.5, and 1.0% microbial additives in the basal diet. For growth performance, no significant differences in the initial and final weights were observed among the dietary microbial additive treatments, except for the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed efficiency. In terms of blood metabolites and fecal microflora, immunoglobulin G (IgG), blood urea nitrogen, blood glucose, and fecal lactic acid bacteria count increased linearly, and fecal E. coli counts decreased linearly with increasing levels of microbial additives but not growth hormones and Salmonella. Carcass quality grade was improved by the microbial additive. In addition, carcass characteristics were not influenced by dietary microbial additives. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 1.0% microbial additive improved average daily gain, feed efficiency, IgG content, and fecal microflora in growing-finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Jun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.L.); (B.-G.C.); (Y.-H.J.); (C.-H.B.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Bu-Gil Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.L.); (B.-G.C.); (Y.-H.J.); (C.-H.B.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Young-Ho Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.L.); (B.-G.C.); (Y.-H.J.); (C.-H.B.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Chang-Hyun Baeg
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.L.); (B.-G.C.); (Y.-H.J.); (C.-H.B.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Ji-Yoon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.L.); (B.-G.C.); (Y.-H.J.); (C.-H.B.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong-Shin Lee
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55356, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sam-Churl Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.L.); (B.-G.C.); (Y.-H.J.); (C.-H.B.); (J.-Y.K.)
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Hoque MR, Song JH, Kim IH. Exogenous protease supplementation to the diet enhances growth performance, improves nitrogen utilization, and reduces stress in finishing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:495-503. [PMID: 35522689 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have conducted this experiment to evaluate a new exogenous protease in finishing pigs' growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gas emission, blood profiles, and meat quality. A total of 200 pigs of 52.15 ± 2.31 kg average body weight (BW) were divided into four dietary treatments named as: CON, basal diet; TRT1, basal diet + 0.05% protease; TRT2, basal diet + 0.1% protease; TRT3, basal diet + 1.5% protease. Each treatment consisted of 10 pens, where five pigs were allotted to each pen according to their body weight and sex. The dietary treatments were allotted to the pens in a randomized block design. During this 10-week-long experiment, BW, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were calculated for Week 0-5, Week 6-10, and the overall period. During Week 6-10, ADG was higher in TRT2 and TRT3 than in the CON and TRT1 groups. At the same time, a linear increase was observed in ADG and G:F of the pigs. In addition, the final BW of pigs' was linearly increased by protease supplementation. On Week 10, there was a linear trend of increase (p = 0.0575) in crude protein digestibility and a trend of linear reduction (p = 0.0651) in NH3 gas emission. In blood profile, cortisol presented a linear decrease in both Week 5 (p = 0.251) and Week 10 (p = 0.0585). In addition, increasing doses of protease showed a trend of linear increase (p = 0.0592) in creatinine, whereas linear reduction was observed in the concentration of epinephrine (p = 0.0636) and norepinephrine (p = 0.0167) during Week 10. In conclusion, protease supplementation helped in improving daily gain in finishing pigs through protein digestibility with associated reduction of ammonia emission and blood stress hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Raihanul Hoque
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Jun H Song
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - In H Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, South Korea
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Evaluation on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Faecal Microbiota, Noxious Gas Emission, and Faecal Score on Weaning Pigs Supplement with and without Probiotics Complex Supplementation in Different Level of Zinc Oxide. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030381. [PMID: 36766270 PMCID: PMC9913860 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 200 26-day-old crossbred weaning piglets ((Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc; 6.55 ± 0.62 kg) were used in a 6-week experiment to evaluate the effects of adding probiotics complex supplementation (Syner-ZymeF10) with high and low ZnO diets on the performance of weaning pigs in 42 days. Pigs were randomly allotted to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and they were supplemented with two concentration level of ZnO with 3000 ppm and 300 ppm and probiotics complex supplementation with 0 and 0.1%. There were ten replicate pens per treatment with five pigs per pen (two gilts and three barrows). Pigs fed diets with 3000 ppm ZnO had a higher BW during the overall period and ADG during d 8-21, d 22-42, and overall period than pigs receiving 300 ppm ZnO diets (p < 0.05), as well as a G: F which tended to increase on d 8-21 and overall period (p < 0.1) and decreased tendency on faecal gas emission of methyl mercaptans and acetic acid concentration (p < 0.1). Dietary probiotics complex supplementation had decreased the E. coli count (p < 0.05) and tended to increase the Lactobacillus count (p < 0.1). Dietary probiotics complex supplementation and different level of ZnO supplementation had no significant effect on the nutrition digestibility and faecal score (p > 0.05). In conclusion, probiotic supplementation reduced the fecal E. coli counts and tended to improve Lactobacillus counts. There were no interactive effects between ZnO and probiotic complex supplementation on all the measured parameters.
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Yu DY, Oh SH, Kim IS, Kim GI, Kim JA, Moon YS, Jang JC, Lee SS, Jung JH, Park J, Cho KK. Intestinal microbial composition changes induced by Lactobacillus plantarum GBL 16, 17 fermented feed and intestinal immune homeostasis regulation in pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:1184-1198. [PMID: 36812041 PMCID: PMC9890339 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Rubus coreanus (R. coreanus) byproducts with high polyphenol content were fermented with R. coreanus-derived lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum GBL 16 and 17). Then the effect of R. coreanus-derived lactic acid bacteria fermented feed (RC-LAB fermented feed) with probiotics (Bacillus subtills, Aspergillus oryzae, Yeast) as a feed additive for pigs on the composition of intestinal microbes and the regulation of intestinal immune homeostasis was investigated. Seventy-two finishing Berkshire pigs were randomly allotted to four different treatment groups and 18 replicates. RC-LAB fermented feed with probiotics increased the genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Mitsuokella, Prevotella, Bacteroides spp., Roseburia spp., and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, which are beneficial bacteria of the digestive tract of pigs. Also, RC-LAB fermented feed with probiotics decreased the genera Clostridium, Terrisporobacter, Romboutsia, Kandleria, Megasphaera and Escherichia, which are harmful bacteria. In particular, the relative abundance of the genera Lactobacillus and Streptococcus increased by an average of 8.51% and 4.68% in the treatment groups and the classes Clostridia and genera Escherichia decreased by an average of 27.05% and 2.85% in the treatment groups. In mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleens, the mRNA expression of transcription factors and cytokines in Th1 and Treg cells increased and the mRNA expression of Th2 and Th17 transcription factors and cytokines decreased, indicating a regulatory effect on intestinal immune homeostasis. RC-LAB fermented feed regulates gut immune homeostasis by influencing the composition of beneficial and detrimental microorganisms in the gut and regulating the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yoon Yu
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang
National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyon Oh
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang
National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - In Sung Kim
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang
National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Gwang Il Kim
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang
National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Jeong A Kim
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang
National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Yang Soo Moon
- Division of Animal Bioscience &
Integrated Biotechnology, Gyeongsang National University,
Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Jang
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang
National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922,
Korea
| | | | - Jun Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbok National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Kwang Keun Cho
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang
National University, Jinju 52725, Korea,Corresponding author: Kwang Keun Cho
Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea.
Tel: +82-55-772-3286 E-mail:
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Go YB, Lee JH, Lee BK, Oh HJ, Kim YJ, An JW, Chang SY, Song DC, Cho HA, Park HR, Chun JY, Cho JH. Effect of insect protein and protease on growth performance, blood profiles, fecal microflora and gas emission in growing pig. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:1063-1076. [PMID: 36812026 PMCID: PMC9890344 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of Hermetia illucens larvae (HIL) as protein and protease on growth performance, blood profiles, fecal microflora, and gas emission in growing pig. In experiment 1, the seventy-two crossbred growing pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with an initial body weight (BW) of 27.98 ± 2.95 kg were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments (3 pigs per pen and 6 replicates pen per treatments). The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating two diets (Poultry offal diets and HIL diets) without or with supplementing protease. The poultry offal in basal diet has been replaced by HIL. In experiment 2, the four crossbred growing pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with an initial BW of 28.2 ± 0.1 kg were individually accepted in stainless steel metabolism cages. The dietary treatments included: 1) PO- (PO-; poultry offal diet), 2) PO+ (PO- + 0.05% protease), 3) HIL- (3% PO of PO- diet was replacement 3% HIL), 4) HIL+ (HIL- + 0.05% protease). In experiment 1, From weeks 0 to 2, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F) were significantly increased in the PO diet group compared with the HIL group. From weeks 2 to 4, ADG and G:F were higher for protease group than for non-protease group. At weeks 2 and 4, the PO diet group had lower blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels than HIL diet group. In experiment 2, crude protein (CP) and nitrogen (N) retention were decreased by HIL diet at weeks 2 and 4. The fecal microflora and gas emission were not affected by HIL and protease. The HIL diet showed lower CP digestibility than PO diet and total essential amino acids digestibility tended to higher in PO diet than HIL diet. In summary, the present study revealed that replacement of the PO protein with the HIL protein and the additive of protease in growing pig diets during the overall experimental period had no negative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bin Go
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Lee
- Department of Poultry Science, University
of Georgia (UGA), Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Byong Kon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Han Jin Oh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yong Ju Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jae Woo An
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Se Yeon Chang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Dong Cheol Song
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Cho
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hae Ryoung Park
- Korea Agriculture Technology Promotion
Agency, Iksan 54667, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chun
- Department of Food Bioengineering, College
of Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea,Corresponding author Ji Yeon Chun,
Department of Food Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Jeju National
University, Jeju 63243, Korea. Tel: +82-64-754-3615, E-mail:
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea,Corresponding author Jin Ho Cho,
Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644,
Korea. Tel: +82-43-261-2544, E-mail:
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Mun D, Kyoung H, Kong M, Ryu S, Jang KB, Baek J, Park KI, Song M, Kim Y. Effects of Bacillus-based probiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health of weaned pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:1314-1327. [PMID: 34957446 PMCID: PMC8672252 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus is characterized by the formation of spores in harsh
environments, which makes it suitable for use as a probiotic for feed because of
thermostability and high survival rate, even under long-term storage. This study
was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus-based
probiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology,
immune response, and intestinal microbiota of weaned pigs. A total of 40 weaned
pigs (7.01 ± 0.86 kg body weight [BW]; 28 d old) were randomly assigned
to two treatments (4 pigs/pen; 5 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete
block design (block = BW and sex). The dietary treatment was either a typical
nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) or CON supplemented with 0.01%
probiotics containing a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and
Bacillus licheniformis (PRO). Fecal samples were collected
daily by rectal palpation for the last 3 days after a 4-day adaptation. Blood,
ileal digesta, and intestinal tissue samples were collected from one pig in each
pen at the respective time points. The PRO group did not affect the feed
efficiency, but the average daily gain was significantly improved
(p < 0.05). The PRO group showed a trend of improved
crude protein digestibility (p < 0.10). The serum
transforming growth factor-β1 level tended to be higher
(p < 0.10) in the PRO group on days 7 and 14. There
was no difference in phylum level of the intestinal microbiota, but there were
differences in genus composition and proportions. However,
β-diversity analysis showed no statistical
differences between the CON and the PRO groups. Taken together,
Bacillus-based probiotics had beneficial effects on the
growth performance, immune system, and intestinal microbiota of weaned pigs,
suggesting that Bacillus can be utilized as a functional
probiotic for weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daye Mun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kyoung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Myunghwan Kong
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sangdon Ryu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ki Beom Jang
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 2769, USA
| | - Jangryeol Baek
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kyeong Ii Park
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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A pilot study on the effect of a novel feed additive containing exogenous enzymes, acidifiers, sodium butyrate and silicon dioxide nanoparticles on selected cellular immune indices and body weight gains of calves. J Vet Res 2021; 65:497-504. [PMID: 35112005 PMCID: PMC8775742 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rearing of calves is a difficult period for farmers due to health problems to which the animals are prone this time. Since the use of antibiotics as growth promoters has been forbidden, various innovative feed additives have been tested in many countries around the world. Material and Methods In this study, experimental (E) calves were supplemented with a novel feed additive consisting of the pancreatic-like enzymes protease and lipase, a fat-coated mixture of organic fumaric, malic, citric and sorbic acids, sodium butyrate and silicon dioxide nanoparticles. Control (C) calves received feed without additive. During the supplementation, white blood cell (WBC) counts with leukocyte differentiation, percentages of B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes and their subpopulations, phagocytic activity and oxidative burst of circulating monocytes and granulocytes were examined. Body weight (b.w.) gains of the calves were also monitored. Results The WBC counts in the E and C calves were within the reference ranges throughout the study. In the analysis of the percentages of the lymphocyte subpopulations, phagocytic activity and oxidative burst, no statistically significant differences were reported between the E and C groups. However, higher average daily body weight gains were obtained for the E calves. Conclusion The study revealed that the examined feed additive did not modulate the immune response of the calves significantly. The tendency to higher daily average b.w. gains in the E calves than in the C calves suggests a beneficial effect of this feed additive.
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Sjofjan O, Adli DN, Harahap RP, Jayanegara A, Utama DT, Seruni AP. The effects of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts as probiotics on the growth performance, relative organ weight, blood parameters, and immune responses of broiler: A meta-analysis. F1000Res 2021; 10:183. [PMID: 34804492 PMCID: PMC8567689 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.51219.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The number of publications in Scopus on this topic increased from less than 50 in 1995 to more than 250 in 2015. In other hand, Inconsistency in results about the correlation between yeast and lactic acid bacteria as probiotics has been evident since the early publications on use in broilers. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted to determine relationship between lactic acid bacteria and yeast as probiotics to broiler diets on the growth performance, relative organ weight, blood parameters, and immune response of the broiler. A database was designed based on published data that reported the use of probiotics on the broiler. The method used for selecting articles was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. Articles selected were taken from PubMed, Web of science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science direct databases as well as individual. Results: The final database consists of 49 in vivo articles, 93 studies, and 225 treatments. The analysis statement in the system was a PROC MIXED procedure of SAS software. The level of probiotic increased (p <0.001) body weight, body weight gain, and feed intake of broiler. There was a reduction (p <0.01) on feed conversion ratio and mortality on the level probiotic given to broiler. Supplementation of probiotics in broiler diet increased (p <0.001) the weight of liver, spleen, gizzard, bursa of fabricius and carcass yield, while reduced (p<0.001) abdominal fat weight. The probiotic given increased the total of red and white blood cells (both at p < 0.001) but did not affect lymphocyte. Discussion: It can be concluded the yeast act as supporting agent that serves lactic acid bacteria as probiotic increases the growth performance, relative organ weight, blood parameters, and immune response of the broiler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osfar Sjofjan
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Danung Nur Adli
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB university, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB university, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
- Study Program of Animal Science, Univeristy of TanjungPura, Pontianak, Borneo, 78124, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB university, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Dicky Tri Utama
- Department of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
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Sjofjan O, Adli DN, Harahap RP, Jayanegara A, Utama DT, Seruni AP. The effects of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts as probiotics on the growth performance, relative organ weight, blood parameters, and immune responses of broiler: A meta-analysis. F1000Res 2021; 10:183. [PMID: 34804492 PMCID: PMC8567689 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.51219.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The number of publications in Scopus on this topic increased from less than 50 in 1995 to more than 250 in 2015. In other hand, inconsistency in results about the correlation between yeast and lactic acid bacteria as probiotics has been evident since the early publications on use in broilers. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted to determine relationship between lactic acid bacteria and yeast as probiotics to broiler diets on the growth performance, relative organ weight, blood parameters, and immune response of the broiler. A database was designed based on published data that reported the use of probiotics on the broiler. The method used for selecting articles was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. Articles selected were taken from PubMed, Web of science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science direct databases as well as individual. Results: The final database consists of 49 in vivo articles, 93 studies, and 225 treatments. The analysis statement in the system was a PROC MIXED procedure of SAS software. The level of probiotic increased (p <0.001) body weight, body weight gain, and feed intake of broiler. There was a reduction (p <0.01) on feed conversion ratio and mortality on the level probiotic given to broiler. Supplementation of probiotics in broiler diet increased (p <0.001) the weight of liver, spleen, gizzard, bursa of fabricius and carcass yield, while reduced (p<0.001) abdominal fat weight. The probiotic given increased the total of red and white blood cells (both at p < 0.001) but did not affect lymphocyte. Discussion: It can be concluded the yeast act as supporting agent that serves lactic acid bacteria as probiotic increases the growth performance, relative organ weight, blood parameters, and immune response of the broiler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osfar Sjofjan
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Danung Nur Adli
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB university, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB university, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
- Study Program of Animal Science, Univeristy of TanjungPura, Pontianak, Borneo, 78124, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB university, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Dicky Tri Utama
- Department of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
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Sjofjan O, Adli DN, Harahap RP, Jayanegara A, Utama DT, Seruni AP. The effects of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts as probiotics on the growth performance, relative organ weight, blood parameters, and immune responses of broiler: A meta-analysis. F1000Res 2021; 10:183. [PMID: 34804492 PMCID: PMC8567689 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.51219.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The number of publications in Scopus on this topic increased from less than 50 in 1995 to more than 250 in 2015. In other hand, inconsistency in results about the correlation between yeast and lactic acid bacteria as probiotics has been evident since the early publications on use in broilers. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted to determine relationship between lactic acid bacteria and yeast as probiotics to broiler diets on the growth performance, relative organ weight, blood parameters, and immune response of the broiler. A database was designed based on published data that reported the use of probiotics on the broiler. The method used for selecting articles was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. Articles selected were taken from PubMed, Web of science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science direct databases as well as individual. Results: The final database consists of 49 in vivo articles, 93 studies, and 225 treatments. The analysis statement in the system was a PROC MIXED procedure of SAS software. The level of probiotic increased (p <0.001) body weight, body weight gain, and feed intake of broiler. There was a reduction (p <0.01) on feed conversion ratio and mortality on the level probiotic given to broiler. Supplementation of probiotics in broiler diet increased (p <0.001) the weight of liver, spleen, gizzard, bursa of fabricius and carcass yield, while reduced (p<0.001) abdominal fat weight. The probiotic given increased the total of red and white blood cells (both at p < 0.001) but did not affect lymphocyte. Discussion: It can be concluded the yeast act as supporting agent that serves lactic acid bacteria as probiotic increases the growth performance, relative organ weight, blood parameters, and immune response of the broiler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osfar Sjofjan
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Danung Nur Adli
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB university, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB university, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
- Study Program of Animal Science, Univeristy of TanjungPura, Pontianak, Borneo, 78124, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB university, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Dicky Tri Utama
- Department of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
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Shin M, Ban OH, Jung YH, Yang J, Kim Y. Genomic characterization and probiotic potential of Lactobacillus casei IDCC 3451 isolated from infant faeces. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 72:578-588. [PMID: 33421164 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics play an important role in health benefits on the host. However, they also possess potentials for infectivity or in situ toxin production; thus, requiring a comprehensive assessment of their safety. In this study, we report genomic characteristics of a newly isolated Lactobacillus casei IDCC 3451 from infant faeces. Phenotypic assays based on enzyme activities and carbohydrate fermentation profiles represented metabolic features of the strain. Safety evaluation for antimicrobial resistance, biogenic amines production and cytotoxicity to a murine mouse model suggested its safe use as a probiotic strain. Our findings on the genetic background of L. casei IDCC 3451 and its potential features provide a promising functional and safe probiotic strain for the human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - O-H Ban
- Ildong Bioscience, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J Yang
- Ildong Bioscience, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Park JH, Lee SI, Kim IH. The effect of protease on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and expression of growth-related genes and amino acid transporters in broilers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:614-627. [PMID: 33089227 PMCID: PMC7553844 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.5.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
During the course of this trial, our team assessed the influence of protease upon the growth performance, the nutrient digestibility, and the expression of growth-related genes and amino acid transporters within the liver, muscle, and small intestines of broilers. During the first step, our team allocated 600 broilers into four dietary treatments for a period of 35 days in order to measure the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of the broilers selected. The separate treatments contained 10 replicates (15 birds per replicate). The treatments were composed of: 1) CON, basal diet; 2) T1, basal diet + 0.03% protease; 3) T2, basal diet + 0.06% protease; and 4) T3, basal diet + 0.09% protease. Next, the broiler chick sample tissue was harvested from the CON and T3 groups in order to conduct gene expression analysis following the feeding trials the broilers underwent. Our team discovered that the broilers fed protease diets possessed increased body weight and an average daily gain, but conversely, had lower feed conversion ratios when their dietary protease levels increased from 0% to 0.09% (p < 0.05). Additionally, significant linear improvements were identified among the nutrient digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, energy, and amino acids within broilers supplied with protease diets when contrasted and compared with broilers supplied with the basal diet (p < 0.05). In addition, the gene expression of the genes IGF1, IGF2, GH, and LEP in the liver, and the genes MYOD1 and MYOG in the breast muscles, was significantly increased after broilers were fed with a protease diet as compared to broilers that subsisted on a basal diet (p < 0.05). Protease supplementation also raised the expression levels within these amino acid transporters: SCL6A19, SLC7A1, SLC7A7, SLC7A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A9, and SLC15A1, located in the small intestine, when compared to the basal diet (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that protease supplementation in their diet improved the growth performance of broilers via an increase in the expression growth-related genes within broiler liver and muscle tissue. In addition, protease supplementation enhanced broiler digestibility via the upregulation of amino acid transporter expression within the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hong Park
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Sang In Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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13
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Lee JJ, Choe J, Kang J, Cho JH, Park S, Perez-Maldonado R, Cho JY, Park IH, Kim HB, Song M. Dietary protease improves growth rate and protein digestibility of growing-finishing pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:313-320. [PMID: 32568259 PMCID: PMC7288229 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.3.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This research was performed to investigate the hypothesis that dietary
mono-component protease (PRO) might improve growth performance, nutrient
digestibility, and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. A total of
eighty-four pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire), 25.3 ±
2.16 kg initial body weight] were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments
(7 replicates/treatment; 2 barrows and 2 gilts/replicate) in a randomized
complete block design (block = sex). The dietary treatments were prepared as
follows; (1) a positive control (PC) as a typical growing-finishing diet based
on corn and soybean meal, (2) PC added with 0.015% of PRO (PCPRO), and (3) a
negative control (NC) added with 0.015% of PRO (NCPRO). The NC had a lower
concentration of crude protein (CP) compared with PC. The PRO was a commercial
product that contained 75,000 protease units/g and derived from
Nocardiopsis prasina produced in Bacillus
licheniformis. Dietary treatments were offered to pigs during
growing and finishing periods. Measurements were growth performance, apparent
total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, and carcass characteristics. The
PCPRO and/or NCPRO increased average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio
(G:F) during growing (p < 0.10), finishing
(p < 0.05), and growing-finishing periods
(p < 0.10) compared with PC. Furthermore, pigs fed
PCPRO and NCPRO had higher (p < 0.05) ATTD of CP and
energy during growing and/or finishing periods than those fed PC. In conclusion,
the supplementation of PRO in diets improved growth performance and protein
digestibility of growing-finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Jae Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jeehwan Choe
- Department of Beef Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Joowon Kang
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Park
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | | | | | - Il-Hun Park
- DSM Nutrition Korea Ltd., Seoul 06675, Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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14
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Lee JJ, Kang J, Park S, Cho JH, Oh S, Park DJ, Perez-Maldonado R, Cho JY, Park IH, Kim HB, Song M. Effects of dietary protease on immune responses of weaned pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:174-179. [PMID: 32292924 PMCID: PMC7142287 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.2.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of dietary protease on immune responses of weaned pigs. Weaned pigs (n = 75; 7.06 ± 0.18 kg BW; 28 d old) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments (5 pigs/pen; 5 pens/treatment). Dietary treatments were positive control, a diet with required protein level (PC), negative control, a diet with lower protein level than PC (NC), and NC + 0.02% dietary protease (PRO). The dietary protease used in this experiment was a commercial product containing 75,000 protease units/g derived from Nocardiopsis prasina produced in Bacillus licheniformis. The dietary treatments did not contain any ingredients or additives that may provide antibacterial or physiological effects. Pigs were fed respective dietary treatments for 6 weeks. Blood was collected from randomly selected 2 pigs in each pen on d 1, 3, 7, and 14 after weaning. Measurements were number of white blood cells (WBC), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Pigs fed PRO had lower WBC on d 7 (14.84 vs 20.42 × 103/μL; p < 0.05) and TNF-α on d 7 (618 vs 889 pg/mL; p = 0.085) and 14 (437 vs 576 pg/mL; p = 0.069) than those fed NC, but there were no differences on WBC and TNF-α between PC and PRO. Pigs fed PRO had lower TGF-β1 on d 3 (630 vs. 1,588 and 1,396 pg/mL; p < 0.05) than those fed PC and NC. However, no differences were found on CRP among dietary treatments. In conclusion, addition of dietary protease reduced inflammatory immune responses of weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Jae Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Joowon Kang
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Park
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sejong Oh
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Il-Hun Park
- DSM Nutrition Korea Ltd., Seoul 06675, Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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15
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Park S, Lee JJ, Yang BM, Cho JH, Kim S, Kang J, Oh S, Park DJ, Perez-Maldonado R, Cho JY, Park IH, Kim HB, Song M. Dietary protease improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:21-30. [PMID: 32082595 PMCID: PMC7008117 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary protease (PR) on growth
performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs. A
total of 75 weaned pigs [7.06 ± 0.18 kg of average body weight (BW); 28
day old] were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete
block design (blocks = BW and sex): a diet based on corn and soybean meal to
meet the requirement of crude protein (CP) as a positive control (PC; CP =
24.49%), a low protein diet as a negative control (NC; CP = 22.51%), and NC +
0.02% PR. The PR used in this study was a commercial product containing 75,000
protease units/g derived from Nocardiopsis prasina produced in
Bacillus licheniformis. Pigs were fed the dietary
treatments for 6 weeks and the diets containing 0.2% chromic oxide for the last
week of this study. Blood, feces, ileal digesta, and ileum samples were
collected from randomly selected two pigs in each pen on respective time points.
Measurements were growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and
apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), CP, and energy,
frequency of diarrhea, packed cell volume (PCV), and ileal morphology of weaned
pigs. Pigs fed PC and PR had higher (p < 0.05) final BW,
average daily gain (ADG), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during overall
experimental period than those fed NC. Pigs fed PC and PR had higher
(p < 0.05) AID or ATTD of DM, CP, or energy than
those fed NC. Moreover, pigs fed PR had higher ratio between villus height and
crypt depth (p < 0.05) and number of goblet cells
(p < 0.05) than those fed NC. Addition of PR
decreased (p < 0.05) frequency of diarrhea for the first
two weeks after weaning compared with PC and NC. In addition, pigs fed PR had
lower (p < 0.05) PCV on d 14 after weaning than those
fed PC and NC. In conclusion, addition of PR in nursery diets with a low protein
level significantly improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and
intestinal morphology of weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Park
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Boung Mo Yang
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Soyun Kim
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Joowon Kang
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sejong Oh
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Il-Hun Park
- DSM Nutrition Korea Ltd., Seoul 06675, Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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