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Peña F, Serantes D, Rivas M, Castro JP, Torterolo P, Rodríguez-Camejo C, Hernández A, Benedetto L. Acute and chronic sleep restriction differentially modify maternal behavior and milk macronutrient composition in the postpartum rat. Physiol Behav 2024; 278:114522. [PMID: 38492909 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Sleep restriction is considered a stressful condition itself, causing a wide variety of physiological alterations, from cognitive and hormonal to immunological status. In addition, it is established that stress in mother rats can modify milk ejection, milk composition, and maternal care of the pups. Also, sleep disturbances during the early stages of motherhood are a common feature of all studied species. In this context, while the impacts of sleep disruption in non-lactating animals were extensively investigated, its repercussions during the initial phases of motherhood have been poorly explored. Therefore, we wonder if maternal behavior, milk ejection and its macronutrient composition would be disrupted when mother rats are subjected to an additional acute or chronic sleep restriction to the already existing sleep disturbances. METHODS Lactating rats were implanted with unilateral electrodes for polysomnographic recordings and for deep brain electrical stimulation into mesopontine waking-promoting area (for sleep deprivation). During the early postpartum period (postpartum day 5-9), mother rats were randomly assigned into one of three groups: chronic sleep restriction group (CSR; 6 h of sleep deprivation/day for five consecutive days), acute sleep restriction group (ASR; 6 h of sleep deprivation only for one day), or undisturbed group (control group). Active maternal behaviors (retrievals of the pups into the nest, mouthing, lickings [corporal and anogenital] and sniffing the pups) and passive maternal behaviors (kyphotic and supine nursing postures) were evaluated during a 30 min period without sleep restriction immediately after the sleep restriction or control period. The litter weight gain was assessed every day, and on the last experimental session mothers were milked for posterior macronutrients analysis (protein, carbohydrates and fat). RESULTS When compared to control group, CSR decreased the amount of milk ejected in the middle days of the sleep restriction period, while ASR did not affect this parameter. Moreover, ASR reduced milk protein content compared to control and CSR groups. Finally, compared to the control group, CSR reduced active maternal behaviors towards the end of the treatment days. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that not only acute but also chronic sleep restriction impacts on the postpartum period, each one affecting different aspects of maternal behavior and lactation. Our results suggest the existence of a homeostatic recovery mechanism in breastfeeding during CSR, possibly ensuring the survival of the litter, while the decline in active maternal behaviors appears to be cumulative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Peña
- Unidad Académica de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego Serantes
- Unidad Académica de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mayda Rivas
- Unidad Académica de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan Pedro Castro
- Unidad Académica de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Unidad Académica de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudio Rodríguez-Camejo
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene "Prof. Arnoldo Berta", Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Hernández
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene "Prof. Arnoldo Berta", Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luciana Benedetto
- Unidad Académica de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Lee C, Lee J, Eor JY, Kwak MJ, Huh CS, Kim Y. Effect of Consumption of Animal Products on the Gut Microbiome Composition and Gut Health. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:723-750. [PMID: 37701742 PMCID: PMC10493557 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is critical in human health, and various dietary factors influence its composition and function. Among these factors, animal products, such as meat, dairy, and eggs, represent crucial sources of essential nutrients for the gut microbiome. However, the correlation and characteristics of livestock consumption with the gut microbiome remain poorly understood. This review aimed to delineate the distinct effects of meat, dairy, and egg products on gut microbiome composition and function. Based on the previous reports, the impact of red meat, white meat, and processed meat consumption on the gut microbiome differs from that of milk, yogurt, cheese, or egg products. In particular, we have focused on animal-originated proteins, a significant nutrient in each livestock product, and revealed that the major proteins in each food elicit diverse effects on the gut microbiome. Collectively, this review highlights the need for further insights into the interactions and mechanisms underlying the impact of animal products on the gut microbiome. A deeper understanding of these interactions would be beneficial in elucidating the development of dietary interventions to prevent and treat diseases linked to the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaewon Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of
Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul
National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junbeom Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ju Young Eor
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Min-Jin Kwak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chul Sung Huh
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Ataallahi M, Cheon SN, Park GW, Nugrahaeningtyas E, Jeon JH, Park KH. Assessment of Stress Levels in Lactating Cattle: Analyzing Cortisol Residues in Commercial Milk Products in Relation to the Temperature-Humidity Index. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2407. [PMID: 37570216 PMCID: PMC10417798 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress in the dairy cattle industry has negative impacts on animal health, productivity, and welfare. It has been confirmed that cortisol transfers to milk and resists the high temperature during milk processing. This study evaluated the relationship between the milk cortisol concentration (MCC) in commercial milk products and the temperature-humidity index (THI) at the time of milk production. Eleven commercially produced pasteurized and sterilized milk products, purchased in Chuncheon, Korea, with production dates ranging from July to October 2021 were analyzed. The MCC was extracted using diethyl ether and analyzed using an enzyme immunoassay. The average THI values based on microclimate data provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration were 77 ± 0.8, 75 ± 1.4, 69 ± 1.4, and 58 ± 1.8, in July, August, September, and October, respectively. The average MCC levels were 211.9 ± 95.1, 173.5 ± 63.8, 109.6 ± 53.2, and 106.7 ± 33.7 pg/mL in July, August, September, and October, respectively. The MCC in July was higher than in August, September, and October (p < 0.05), while it was lower in September and October than in August (p < 0.05). Significant variations in the MCC were observed in commercial milk products across the four production months (p < 0.05), except for two milk products. Overall, monitoring the cortisol residue in commercial dairy milk products can be an alternative indicator of stress in dairy cattle of farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ataallahi
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (M.A.); (G.-W.P.); (E.N.)
| | - Si Nae Cheon
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Agriculture, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (S.N.C.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Geun-Woo Park
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (M.A.); (G.-W.P.); (E.N.)
| | - Eska Nugrahaeningtyas
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (M.A.); (G.-W.P.); (E.N.)
| | - Jung Hwan Jeon
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Agriculture, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (S.N.C.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Kyu-Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (M.A.); (G.-W.P.); (E.N.)
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Park GW, Ataallahi M, Ham SY, Oh SJ, Kim KY, Park KH. Estimating milk production losses by heat stress and its impacts on
greenhouse gas emissions in Korean dairy farms. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:770-781. [PMID: 35969695 PMCID: PMC9353352 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Meteorological disasters caused by climate change like heat, cold waves, and
unusually long rainy seasons affect the milk productivity of cows. Studies have
been conducted on how milk productivity and milk compositions change due to heat
stress (HS). However, the estimation of losses in milk production due to HS and
hereby environmental impacts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are yet to be
evaluated in Korean dairy farms. Dairy milk production and milk compositions
data from March to October 2018, provided by the Korea Dairy Committee (KDC),
were used to compare regional milk production with the temperature-humidity
index (THI). Raw data for the daily temperature and relative humidity in 2018
were obtained from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). This data was
used to calculate the THI and the difference between the maximum and minimum
temperature changing rate, as the average daily temperature range, to show the
extent to which the temperature gap can affect milk productivity. The amount of
milk was calculated based on the price of 926 won/kg from KDC. The results
showed that the average milk production rate was the highest within the THI
range 60–73 in three regions in May: Chulwon (northern region), Hwasung
(central region), and Gunwi (southern region). The average milk production
decreased by 4.96 ± 1.48% in northern region, 7.12 ±
2.36% in central region, and 7.94 ± 2.57% in southern
region from June to August, which had a THI range of 73 or more, when compared
to May. Based on the results, the level of THI should be maintained like May. If
so, the farmers can earn a profit of 9,128,730 won/farm in northern region,
9,967,880 won/farm in central region, and 12,245,300 won/farm in southern
region. Additionally, the average number of cows raised can be reduced by 2.41
± 0.35 heads/farm, thereby reducing GHG emissions by 29.61 ± 4.36
kg CO2eq/day on average. Overall, the conclusion suggests that
maintaining environmental conditions in the summer that are similar to those in
May is necessary. This knowledge can be used for basic research to persuade
farmers to change farm facilities to increase the economic benefits and improve
animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-woo Park
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon
National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Mohammad Ataallahi
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon
National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Seon Yong Ham
- Business Support Team, Korea Dairy
Committee, Sejong 30121, Korea
| | - Se Jong Oh
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Jeonnam
National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Ki-Youn Kim
- Department of Safety Engineering, Seoul
National University of Science & Technology, Seoul
01811, Korea
- Corresponding author: Ki-Youn Kim,
Department of Safety Engineering, Seoul National University of Science &
Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea. Tel: +82-2-970-6376, E-mail:
| | - Kyu Hyun Park
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon
National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Corresponding author: Kyu-Hyun Park,
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea. Tel: +82-33-250-8621, E-mail:
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