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Guo PP, Yao XR, Xu YN, Jin X, Li Q, Yan CG, Kim NH, Li XZ. Insulin interacts with PPARγ agonists to promote bovine adipocyte differentiation. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2024; 88:106848. [PMID: 38574690 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Insulin is a potent adipogenic hormone that triggers a series of transcription factors that regulate the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. Ciglitazone specifically binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), thereby promoting adipocyte differentiation. As a natural ligand of PPARγ, oleic acid (OA) can promote the translocation of PPARγ into the nucleus, regulate the expression of downstream genes, and promote adipocyte differentiation. We hypothesized that ciglitazone and oleic acid interact with insulin to enhance bovine preadipocyte differentiation. Preadipocytes were cultured 96 h in differentiation medium containing 10 mg/L insulin (I), 10 mg/L insulin + 10 µM cycloglitazone (IC), 10 mg/L insulin + 100 µM oleic acid (IO), or 10 mg/L insulin + 10 µM cycloglitazone+100 µM oleic acid (ICO). Control preadipocytes (CON) were cultured in differentiation medium (containing 5% fetal calf serum). The effects on the differentiation of Yanbian cattle preadipocytes were examined using molecular and transcriptomic techniques, including differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. I, IC, IO, and ICO treatments produced higher concentrations of triglycerides (TAG) and lipid droplet accumulation in preadipocytes compared with CON treatment (P < 0.05). Co-treatment of insulin and PPARγ agonists significantly increased the expression of genes involved in regulating adipogenesis and fatty acid synthesis. (P < 0.05). Differential expression analysis identified 1488, 1764, 1974 and 1368 DEGs in the I, IC, IO and ICO groups, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis revealed DEGs mainly enriched in PPAR signalling, FOXO signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism. These results indicate that OA, as PPARγ agonist, can more effectively promote the expression of bovine lipogenesis genes and the content of TAG and adiponectin when working together with insulin, and stimulate the differentiation of bovine preadipocytes. These findings provide a basis for further screening of relevant genes and transcription factors in intramuscular fat deposition and meat quality to enhance breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; Healthcare International Innovation Institute, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, PR China; Engineering Research Centre of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China
| | - Xue Rui Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; Healthcare International Innovation Institute, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, PR China
| | - Yong Nan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- Engineering Research Centre of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China; Laboratory Animal Center, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Engineering Research Centre of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China
| | - Chang Guo Yan
- Engineering Research Centre of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China; Yanbian Hongchao Wisdom Animal Husbandry Co., LTD, Yanji 133002, PR China
| | - Nam Hyung Kim
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Xiang Zi Li
- Engineering Research Centre of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, PR China.
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Zygmunt K, Otwinowska-Mindur A, Piórkowska K, Witarski W. Influence of Media Composition on the Level of Bovine Satellite Cell Proliferation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1855. [PMID: 37889780 PMCID: PMC10251972 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is predicted that already in 2040, 35% of requirements for meat will be provided by in vitro production. Recreating the course of myogenesis in vitro, and thus resembling a structure of muscle tissue, is the basis for research focusing on obtaining cultured meat and requires providing relevant factors supporting the proliferation of satellite cells-being precursors of skeletal muscles. The present work aimed to develop the composition of the medium that would most effectively stimulate the proliferation of bovine satellite cells (BSCs). The modeling and optimization methods included the measurements of the synergistic, co-stimulatory effect of three medium components: the amount of glucose, the type of serum (bovine or horse), and the amount of mitogenic factor-bFGF. Additionally, the qPCR analyses determined the expression of genes involved in myogenesis, such as Pax7 and Myogenic Regulatory Factors, depending on the level of the tested factor. The results showed significant positive effects of serum type (bovine serum) and mitogenic factor (addition of 10 ng/mL bFGF) on the proliferation rate. In turn, qPCR analysis displayed no significant differences in the relative expression level of Pax7 genes and MRF factors for both factors. However, a statistically higher Pax7 and Myf5 gene expression level was revealed when a low glucose medium was used (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the components of the medium, such as bovine serum and the addition of a mitogenic factor at the level of 10 ng/mL, ensure a higher proliferation rate of BSCs and lower glucose content ensured the expression of crucial genes in the self-renewal of the satellite cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Zygmunt
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Otwinowska-Mindur
- Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding and Ethology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Witarski
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland;
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Overexpression of DGAT2 Stimulates Lipid Droplet Formation and Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Bovine Satellite Cells. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141847. [PMID: 35883393 PMCID: PMC9312262 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is closely related to the tenderness, juiciness, and flavor of beef, and is an important indicator for beef quality assessment internationally. The main components of skeletal intramuscular fat (IMF) are phospholipids and triacylglycerols (TAG), and the final step of TAG biosynthesis is catalyzed by diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2). To explore the effect of DGAT2 on the differentiation of bovine muscle satellite cells (BSCs) and its role in the signaling pathway related to lipid metabolism, the adenovirus overexpression and interference vector of the DGAT2 gene was constructed in this study, and the overexpression adenovirus Ad-DGAT2 and interfering adenovirus sh-DGAT2 were used to infect BSCs. Overexpression of DGAT2 resulted in a significant increase in the contents of TAG and ADP, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBF1 (p < 0.05). Interfering with the expression of DGAT2 reduced the intracellular TAG content and lipid droplet accumulation. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBF1 (p < 0.05) were significantly downregulated. Transcriptome sequencing showed that a total of 598 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in BSCs infected with Ad-DGAT2, and these DEGs included 292 upregulated genes and 306 downregulated genes. A total of 49 DEGs were screened in BSCs infected with sh-DGAT2, and these DEGs included 25 upregulated and 24 downregulated genes. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs, after overexpression of DGAT2, were mainly enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway, and the fat digestion and absorption, glycerophospholipid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and AMPK signaling pathways. The DEGs obtained after interfering with DGAT2 were mainly enriched in the metabolic pathways, such as the PPAR signaling pathway and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In summary, our study demonstrated that the lipid droplet formation, TAG accumulation, and adipogenic gene expression in BSCs overexpressing DGAT2 were higher than those in the control cells. These results highlight the important role of DGAT2 in regulating BSCs during adipogenic transdifferentiation and underscore the complexity of intramuscular adipogenesis.
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Abstract
SIRT3 is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase in the mitochondria with an extensive ability to regulate mitochondrial morphology and function. It has been reported that SIRT3 participates in the occurrence and development of many aging-related diseases. Osteoporosis is a common aging-related disease characterized by decreased bone mass and fragility fractures, which has caused a huge burden on society. Current research shows that SIRT3 is involved in the physiological processes of senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), differentiation of BMSCs and osteoclasts. However, the specific effects and mechanisms of SIRT3 in osteoporosis are not clear. In the current review, we elaborated on the physiological functions of SIRT3, the cell types involved in bone remodeling, and the role of SIRT3 in osteoporosis. Furthermore, it also provided a theoretical basis for SIRT3 as a therapeutic target for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwang Hu
- The Orthopaedic Center, Wenling First People’s Hospital (The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University), Wenling, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wenling First People’s Hospital (The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University), Wenling, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangshuang Wang,
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Zouboulis VA, Zouboulis KC, Zouboulis CC. Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Comorbid Disorder Biomarkers, Druggable Genes, New Drugs and Drug Repurposing-A Molecular Meta-Analysis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010044. [PMID: 35056940 PMCID: PMC8779519 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and dysregulated epithelial differentiation, especially of hair follicle keratinocytes, have been suggested as the major pathogenetic pathways of hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS). On the other hand, obesity and metabolic syndrome have additionally been considered as an important risk factor. With adalimumab, a drug has already been approved and numerous other compounds are in advanced-stage clinical studies. A systematic review was conducted to detect and corroborate HS pathogenetic mechanisms at the molecular level and identify HS molecular markers. The obtained data were used to confirm studied and off-label administered drugs and to identify additional compounds for drug repurposing. A robust, strongly associated group of HS biomarkers was detected. The triad of HS pathogenesis, namely upregulated inflammation, altered epithelial differentiation and dysregulated metabolism/hormone signaling was confirmed, the molecular association of HS with certain comorbid disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, type I diabetes mellitus and lipids/atherosclerosis/adipogenesis was verified and common biomarkers were identified. The molecular suitability of compounds in clinical studies was confirmed and 31 potential HS repurposing drugs, among them 10 drugs already launched for other disorders, were detected. This systematic review provides evidence for the importance of molecular studies to advance the knowledge regarding pathogenesis, future treatment and biomarker-supported clinical course follow-up in HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor A. Zouboulis
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Konstantin C. Zouboulis
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 06847 Dessau, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-340-5014000
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